Therapists in 94574

Photo of Melissa Gold, Psychologist, PhD
Melissa Gold
Psychologist, PhD
Saint Helena, CA 94574
Dr. Melissa Gold Wiedmann is a California licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the psychodynamic and relational-interpersonal treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. She completed her B.A. at Georgetown University, and her Ph.D. at California School Of Professional Psychology. Dr. Wiedmann received her predoctoral training at the Los Angeles Police Department; Behavioral Science Services and her postdoctoral training was at UCLA's Rape Treatment Center.
Dr. Melissa Gold Wiedmann is a California licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the psychodynamic and relational-interpersonal treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. She completed her B.A. at Georgetown University, and her Ph.D. at California School Of Professional Psychology. Dr. Wiedmann received her predoctoral training at the Los Angeles Police Department; Behavioral Science Services and her postdoctoral training was at UCLA's Rape Treatment Center.
(707) 722-3815 View (707) 722-3815
Photo of Tamara Traeder, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Tamara Traeder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Saint Helena, CA 94574
Change is challenging, whether one seeks it or it just happens. I help adult and adolescent clients deal with roadblocks to their desired changes, including difficulties with depression, anxiety, fears, addictions, obsessions and compulsions. I also help them cope with--and adjust to--unwanted change, including deaths of friends or family members, and job, relationship or pet losses. I work collaboratively with clients throughout their transitions, using the approaches and tools that are most useful to each individual.
Change is challenging, whether one seeks it or it just happens. I help adult and adolescent clients deal with roadblocks to their desired changes, including difficulties with depression, anxiety, fears, addictions, obsessions and compulsions. I also help them cope with--and adjust to--unwanted change, including deaths of friends or family members, and job, relationship or pet losses. I work collaboratively with clients throughout their transitions, using the approaches and tools that are most useful to each individual.
(510) 240-1823 View (510) 240-1823
Photo of Wendy Von Wiederhold - Beyond Coping, Psychologist, PhD
Beyond Coping
Psychologist, PhD
Saint Helena, CA 94574
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
(415) 442-1968 View (415) 442-1968
Photo of Wendy Von Wiederhold, Psychologist, PhD
Wendy Von Wiederhold
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Saint Helena, CA 94574
Emotions can sometimes be difficult to bear-sadness, worries about yourself and others, fears, painful recurrent interactions and relationships. Working with an understanding professional to explore feelings and expectations about yourself and your relationships can be the key to clarifying troubling emotional states. These feelings can cause recurrent painful states, or push us toward repetitive or self-destructive behaviors. Exploring these feelings in a safe relationship can cause feelings about yourself and others to shift, opening to new ways of thinking and behaving. This allows for greater flexibility, enhanced creativity, a better relationship with yourself, and better connections and relationships.
Emotions can sometimes be difficult to bear-sadness, worries about yourself and others, fears, painful recurrent interactions and relationships. Working with an understanding professional to explore feelings and expectations about yourself and your relationships can be the key to clarifying troubling emotional states. These feelings can cause recurrent painful states, or push us toward repetitive or self-destructive behaviors. Exploring these feelings in a safe relationship can cause feelings about yourself and others to shift, opening to new ways of thinking and behaving. This allows for greater flexibility, enhanced creativity, a better relationship with yourself, and better connections and relationships.
(707) 531-7727 View (707) 531-7727
Photo of Celeste Hutchings, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Celeste Hutchings
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Serves Area
Welcome, I look forward to joining you on your journey towards health, happiness and personal growth. I work with people of all ages including children, teens and adults. I specialize in treating people who are experiencing anxiety and/or depression as well as people who are attempting to heal from difficult relationships. Life can sometimes bring us challenges that are deeply painful, overwhelming and can even seem unbearable when dealing with them alone. As your therapist, I will help you to explore these challenges in a safe and supportive environment while helping you to find your personal path towards healing.
Welcome, I look forward to joining you on your journey towards health, happiness and personal growth. I work with people of all ages including children, teens and adults. I specialize in treating people who are experiencing anxiety and/or depression as well as people who are attempting to heal from difficult relationships. Life can sometimes bring us challenges that are deeply painful, overwhelming and can even seem unbearable when dealing with them alone. As your therapist, I will help you to explore these challenges in a safe and supportive environment while helping you to find your personal path towards healing.
(707) 418-5424 View (707) 418-5424
Photo of Timothy Locke, Pastoral Counselor, PhD, Member, ACPE
Timothy Locke
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, Member, ACPE
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer individual, couples and family therapy that honors the spiritual life of my clients. I specialize in relationship counseling and use Gottman Method Couples Therapy and Kunkel's We Psychology in my work. I welcome clients of all faiths and those who are spiritual but not religious. I am a Psychotherapist member of the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education and a Presbyterian pastor. My life-long interest in spirituality has included study in world religions, prayer, meditation and depth psychology. My training in behavioral science and theology supports an integrated approach to creative work and healthy relationships.
I offer individual, couples and family therapy that honors the spiritual life of my clients. I specialize in relationship counseling and use Gottman Method Couples Therapy and Kunkel's We Psychology in my work. I welcome clients of all faiths and those who are spiritual but not religious. I am a Psychotherapist member of the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education and a Presbyterian pastor. My life-long interest in spirituality has included study in world religions, prayer, meditation and depth psychology. My training in behavioral science and theology supports an integrated approach to creative work and healthy relationships.
(707) 659-6911 View (707) 659-6911
Photo of Tiffany L Iverson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Tiffany L Iverson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
When life and relationships get(or have been for a long time) tough. When anxiety gets in the way of enjoyment, fulfillment and productivity. When it is just harder than it used to be to get anything done. When you feel stuck or see a transition ahead, but feel unsure how to move forward. When you feel alone or lonely and need support to build a better lifestyle that fits your hopes. When self-esteem gets in your way or you find yourself depending on external things(i.e. people, substances, behaviors) to bring joy. ---An unbiased place to work through things like this is an important part of a change that is best for you.
When life and relationships get(or have been for a long time) tough. When anxiety gets in the way of enjoyment, fulfillment and productivity. When it is just harder than it used to be to get anything done. When you feel stuck or see a transition ahead, but feel unsure how to move forward. When you feel alone or lonely and need support to build a better lifestyle that fits your hopes. When self-esteem gets in your way or you find yourself depending on external things(i.e. people, substances, behaviors) to bring joy. ---An unbiased place to work through things like this is an important part of a change that is best for you.
(707) 708-4668 View (707) 708-4668
Photo of Alisa Jacobo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Alisa Jacobo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Alisa is a bilingual (English/Spanish)/bi-cultural licensed clinical social worker with experience working with adolescents and their families, as well as adults. Alisa centers her work on building a strong therapeutic relationship; providing a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to explore themselves, past experiences, and their relationships with others. Her approach is open, warm and integrates talk therapy with body-based approaches such as mindfulness, EMDR, and parts work.
Alisa is a bilingual (English/Spanish)/bi-cultural licensed clinical social worker with experience working with adolescents and their families, as well as adults. Alisa centers her work on building a strong therapeutic relationship; providing a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to explore themselves, past experiences, and their relationships with others. Her approach is open, warm and integrates talk therapy with body-based approaches such as mindfulness, EMDR, and parts work.
(510) 327-3145 View (510) 327-3145
Photo of Celeste Becker - Lake Counseling , PhD
Lake Counseling
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming when relationships, loss, or major transitions leave you feeling stuck, anxious, or disconnected from yourself. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can slow down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and begin to heal. Together, we’ll explore patterns that no longer serve you and work toward greater clarity, resilience, and emotional balance. Let's make tomorrow a better day for you.
Life can feel overwhelming when relationships, loss, or major transitions leave you feeling stuck, anxious, or disconnected from yourself. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can slow down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and begin to heal. Together, we’ll explore patterns that no longer serve you and work toward greater clarity, resilience, and emotional balance. Let's make tomorrow a better day for you.
(707) 368-5277 View (707) 368-5277
Photo of Caroline Vidal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Caroline Vidal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Serves Area
Hi, I am Caroline Vidal. I am a licensed psychotherapist specializing in midlife transitions (peri-menopause, menopause, health, relational issues, divorce) and supporting adults through stress, grief, anxiety, and times of feeling stuck or overwhelmed. You may sense that changes are needed but aren’t sure where to start. You don’t have to navigate this alone. Together, we will slow down and focus on what matters most to you, helping you make sense of your current experience and reconnect with your intuition and inner guidance.
Hi, I am Caroline Vidal. I am a licensed psychotherapist specializing in midlife transitions (peri-menopause, menopause, health, relational issues, divorce) and supporting adults through stress, grief, anxiety, and times of feeling stuck or overwhelmed. You may sense that changes are needed but aren’t sure where to start. You don’t have to navigate this alone. Together, we will slow down and focus on what matters most to you, helping you make sense of your current experience and reconnect with your intuition and inner guidance.
(707) 632-2773 View (707) 632-2773
Photo of Jacqueline Connors, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jacqueline Connors
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I provide psychotherapy in Napa, California, specializing in individuals who feel stuck despite previous therapy or personal development work. Most clients already understand their patterns — why they think, feel, and react the way they do — and are still experiencing them. That's not a failure of insight. It's a sign the pattern lives deeper than insight can reach. This work targets the subconscious and nervous system drivers underneath — where recurring patterns actually live and where lasting change happens. Services include individual therapy, couples therapy, hypnotherapy, and therapeutic intensives. In person in Napa & online
I provide psychotherapy in Napa, California, specializing in individuals who feel stuck despite previous therapy or personal development work. Most clients already understand their patterns — why they think, feel, and react the way they do — and are still experiencing them. That's not a failure of insight. It's a sign the pattern lives deeper than insight can reach. This work targets the subconscious and nervous system drivers underneath — where recurring patterns actually live and where lasting change happens. Services include individual therapy, couples therapy, hypnotherapy, and therapeutic intensives. In person in Napa & online
(707) 708-4163 View (707) 708-4163
Photo of Tracy Reeves, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Tracy Reeves
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
"May your choices reflect your HOPES, not your fears." - Nelson Mandela - Life can be stressful and overwhelming sometimes, causing us to lose track of long-term goals and everyday pleasures. Everyday stress stemming from family/relationship conflict, parenting issues, career choices and life transitions can build up and feel impossible to escape from. Therapy can be a useful guide to help get back on track and focus on what truly makes you happy.
"May your choices reflect your HOPES, not your fears." - Nelson Mandela - Life can be stressful and overwhelming sometimes, causing us to lose track of long-term goals and everyday pleasures. Everyday stress stemming from family/relationship conflict, parenting issues, career choices and life transitions can build up and feel impossible to escape from. Therapy can be a useful guide to help get back on track and focus on what truly makes you happy.
(707) 336-8623 View (707) 336-8623
Photo of Annette Henke - Annette Henke Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHP-SW
Annette Henke Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHP-SW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Many people come to me with prior experiences of therapy that were not helpful. This happens for many reasons but sometimes it's as simple as it wasn't the right fit. A wise mentor explained that "all human growth and healing takes place in the context of relationship, from infancy on". Therapy is a relationship of growth, change, healing. Many people are driven to therapy because of suffering in current or past relationship. Often the most challenging and hurtful relationship we have is the one with one's self. The "right" therapist is one that makes moving through this vulnerable process possible and bearable.
Many people come to me with prior experiences of therapy that were not helpful. This happens for many reasons but sometimes it's as simple as it wasn't the right fit. A wise mentor explained that "all human growth and healing takes place in the context of relationship, from infancy on". Therapy is a relationship of growth, change, healing. Many people are driven to therapy because of suffering in current or past relationship. Often the most challenging and hurtful relationship we have is the one with one's self. The "right" therapist is one that makes moving through this vulnerable process possible and bearable.
(707) 210-1849 View (707) 210-1849
Photo of Bret K. Johnson, Psychologist, PhD
Bret K. Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
My therapeutic approach is geared to address your specific needs based on your strengths, goals, and current concerns, including cultural, family, mental health history, and relevant diagnostic issues. I utilize an empowerment and strength-based approach to help you access your best inner self through: identifying and accomplishing your life goals; achieving a calmer state of mind; improving problem solving and creative potential, no matter how difficult your circumstances. I have extensive training in multiple therapeutic methods including cognitive-behavioral, strength-based, positive psychology, psychodynamic, family system, and Jungian approaches. For further information, I prefer to be contacted by phone.
My therapeutic approach is geared to address your specific needs based on your strengths, goals, and current concerns, including cultural, family, mental health history, and relevant diagnostic issues. I utilize an empowerment and strength-based approach to help you access your best inner self through: identifying and accomplishing your life goals; achieving a calmer state of mind; improving problem solving and creative potential, no matter how difficult your circumstances. I have extensive training in multiple therapeutic methods including cognitive-behavioral, strength-based, positive psychology, psychodynamic, family system, and Jungian approaches. For further information, I prefer to be contacted by phone.
(707) 593-7038 View (707) 593-7038
Photo of Timea Tenkei, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT, BCBA
Timea Tenkei
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT, BCBA
Serves Area
I support children, teens, and adults who are struggling with life challenges including anxiety, depression, difficulties with school attendance, behavioral issues, experienced trauma and domestic violence, issues around sexuality, eating disorders, self-image, self-esteem, immigration issues, gender identity, school difficulties, parenting challenges, postpartum depression, and women's issues. I spent a great portion of my carrier working with neuro-divergent children, adolescents and adults supporting them with developing new skills and manage daily challenges with a down to earth, friendly and proactive approach.
I support children, teens, and adults who are struggling with life challenges including anxiety, depression, difficulties with school attendance, behavioral issues, experienced trauma and domestic violence, issues around sexuality, eating disorders, self-image, self-esteem, immigration issues, gender identity, school difficulties, parenting challenges, postpartum depression, and women's issues. I spent a great portion of my carrier working with neuro-divergent children, adolescents and adults supporting them with developing new skills and manage daily challenges with a down to earth, friendly and proactive approach.
(707) 785-8492 View (707) 785-8492
Photo of Jaycee Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jaycee Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Making the choice to come to therapy is not an easy one. Therapy can be difficult and intimidating but ultimately has the potential to help you create positive and lasting change. I commonly work with clients who struggle with negative thoughts, depression, anxiety, trauma, attachment, self-harm, low self-esteem, identity, life transitions, difficult past/present life experiences, relationships, family conflict, and loss. My focus is on supporting you while we explore your situation, finding what tools work best and support your needs most, and using those tools to gently challenge and push past the barriers that currently exist.
Making the choice to come to therapy is not an easy one. Therapy can be difficult and intimidating but ultimately has the potential to help you create positive and lasting change. I commonly work with clients who struggle with negative thoughts, depression, anxiety, trauma, attachment, self-harm, low self-esteem, identity, life transitions, difficult past/present life experiences, relationships, family conflict, and loss. My focus is on supporting you while we explore your situation, finding what tools work best and support your needs most, and using those tools to gently challenge and push past the barriers that currently exist.
(707) 307-6863 View (707) 307-6863
Photo of Stephanie Paravicini, Psychologist, PsyD
Stephanie Paravicini
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked in the field of community mental health for 20 years. In that time, and through my work with a variety of individuals and families, I have come to believe that therapy is most effective when it is engaging, collaborative and client centered.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked in the field of community mental health for 20 years. In that time, and through my work with a variety of individuals and families, I have come to believe that therapy is most effective when it is engaging, collaborative and client centered.
(415) 846-4787 View (415) 846-4787
Photo of Shannon Litle, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shannon Litle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Hello! My name is Shannon Litle and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My work is shaped by both my professional training and real-life experience, specifically as a former Deputy Sheriff, a mother and stepmother, and as a lifelong athlete. I specialize in supporting first responders and their families, mothers in all stages from preconception through postpartum, and current or former athletes working through performance pressure, identity shifts, or life after sport. No matter your background, my goal is to help you feel seen, understood, and empowered to heal and grow.
Hello! My name is Shannon Litle and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My work is shaped by both my professional training and real-life experience, specifically as a former Deputy Sheriff, a mother and stepmother, and as a lifelong athlete. I specialize in supporting first responders and their families, mothers in all stages from preconception through postpartum, and current or former athletes working through performance pressure, identity shifts, or life after sport. No matter your background, my goal is to help you feel seen, understood, and empowered to heal and grow.
(707) 470-7437 View (707) 470-7437
Photo of Jennifer Payne, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jennifer Payne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Holding space for healing trauma and grief! We will work together, in a safe space, to create more stability in your life as you process through the trauma and/or grief that has compounded over the years.
Holding space for healing trauma and grief! We will work together, in a safe space, to create more stability in your life as you process through the trauma and/or grief that has compounded over the years.
(707) 337-5338 View (707) 337-5338
Photo of Kathleen Herrera - Kathleen Herrera, LCSW Psychotherapy, Inc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kathleen Herrera, LCSW Psychotherapy, Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed? You are not alone. During the past 30 years, I have had the privilege to help thousands of adults, teens, couples, & families with personal growth, healing, & relationship fulfillment. Through life's twists and turns, support can make all the difference. Many challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, loss, trauma, life-transitions, low self-esteem, burnout, grief, & loneliness can wear us down. Our sessions can provide a safe space to process vulnerabilities, enhance your emotional strength, resiliency, mental-toughness, motivation, and compassion for self & others.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? You are not alone. During the past 30 years, I have had the privilege to help thousands of adults, teens, couples, & families with personal growth, healing, & relationship fulfillment. Through life's twists and turns, support can make all the difference. Many challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, loss, trauma, life-transitions, low self-esteem, burnout, grief, & loneliness can wear us down. Our sessions can provide a safe space to process vulnerabilities, enhance your emotional strength, resiliency, mental-toughness, motivation, and compassion for self & others.
(707) 562-0861 View (707) 562-0861

See more therapy options for 94574

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94574

30+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in 94574 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
92% Relationship Issues
89% Depression
86% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
53% Optum
47% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 94574 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

94% Female
6% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94574?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.