Therapists in 94556

Photo of Deborah Collins Babb, PsyD, LEP
Deborah Collins Babb
Verified Verified
Moraga, CA 94556
I work with students and their parents, and young adults to understand an individual's strengths and weaknesses and how best to support them. Students and young adults that I work with may be experiencing challenges related to learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, or struggling to manage their attention, concentration, and impulsivity due to Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. I have a particular interest in supporting individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to address anxiety, depression, social skills, and the transition to young adulthood, and helping their parents learn how to best support their child.
I work with students and their parents, and young adults to understand an individual's strengths and weaknesses and how best to support them. Students and young adults that I work with may be experiencing challenges related to learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, or struggling to manage their attention, concentration, and impulsivity due to Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. I have a particular interest in supporting individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to address anxiety, depression, social skills, and the transition to young adulthood, and helping their parents learn how to best support their child.
(925) 478-4072 View (925) 478-4072
Photo of Sarah Lynn Guzick, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sarah Lynn Guzick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Moraga, CA 94556
My goal is to increase self compassion and compassion for others as individual women navigate their personal, academic and professional lives. I am taking individual female clients over the age of 18 for virtual sessions throughout the state of California. I enjoy spending quality time with friends and family, comedy, theatre, filmmaking, creative writing, improvisation, nature, traveling, film and television, documentaries, dancing and making art of all kinds. I graduated from the High School for Performing and Visual Arts in Houston, Texas. In college, I studied theatre, documentary film and creative writing.
My goal is to increase self compassion and compassion for others as individual women navigate their personal, academic and professional lives. I am taking individual female clients over the age of 18 for virtual sessions throughout the state of California. I enjoy spending quality time with friends and family, comedy, theatre, filmmaking, creative writing, improvisation, nature, traveling, film and television, documentaries, dancing and making art of all kinds. I graduated from the High School for Performing and Visual Arts in Houston, Texas. In college, I studied theatre, documentary film and creative writing.
(925) 722-6290 View (925) 722-6290
Photo of Eileen Heo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Eileen Heo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Moraga, CA 94556
I am skilled in treating clients with the following problems: work stress; depression and anxiety; post traumatic stress syndrome; domestic violence, physical, emotional and sexual abuse; issues of acculturation and inter-generational conflict; relationship and women's health; as well as aging, losses and bereavement.
I am skilled in treating clients with the following problems: work stress; depression and anxiety; post traumatic stress syndrome; domestic violence, physical, emotional and sexual abuse; issues of acculturation and inter-generational conflict; relationship and women's health; as well as aging, losses and bereavement.
(510) 860-4216 View (510) 860-4216
Photo of Joanna Hill, MSW, MPA
Joanna Hill
Verified Verified
Moraga, CA 94556
Thank you for taking this step to feel better and to improve your life! It will happen! Whether you are feeling anxious, stuck or depressed, there are always better feelings ahead. I am dedicated to providing you with caring counseling to facilitate WELL-BEING-- please stop and think about what this would mean for you!-- and to your own solutions. I participate actively in our enjoyable sessions, as a teacher/ healer and listener/ learner. I specialize in stress, life transitions, anxiety, family relationships, parenting, psychiatric diagnoses, and loved ones with medical/ psychiatric/ addiction issues.
Thank you for taking this step to feel better and to improve your life! It will happen! Whether you are feeling anxious, stuck or depressed, there are always better feelings ahead. I am dedicated to providing you with caring counseling to facilitate WELL-BEING-- please stop and think about what this would mean for you!-- and to your own solutions. I participate actively in our enjoyable sessions, as a teacher/ healer and listener/ learner. I specialize in stress, life transitions, anxiety, family relationships, parenting, psychiatric diagnoses, and loved ones with medical/ psychiatric/ addiction issues.
(415) 223-9374 View (415) 223-9374
Photo of Roya Taghehchian, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Roya Taghehchian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Moraga, CA 94556
I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a focus on working with individuals and couples navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and significant life transitions—including grief, the peri/postpartum period, and the aftermath of infidelity. I’ve completed Attachment-Focused EMDR Basic Training through the Parnell Institute, which deepens my ability to support healing from relational and developmental wounds.
I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a focus on working with individuals and couples navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and significant life transitions—including grief, the peri/postpartum period, and the aftermath of infidelity. I’ve completed Attachment-Focused EMDR Basic Training through the Parnell Institute, which deepens my ability to support healing from relational and developmental wounds.
(925) 378-4666 View (925) 378-4666
Photo of Art Wagner, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Art Wagner
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Moraga, CA 94556
I work with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship, and family issues. I use the compassion I developed through my broad professional experience to help my clients accept and work through deep emotions as a part of living. My ultimate goal for my clients is to help them live authentically by tapping into their personal meaning so they can be who they are, and not a version of who others may want them to be.
I work with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship, and family issues. I use the compassion I developed through my broad professional experience to help my clients accept and work through deep emotions as a part of living. My ultimate goal for my clients is to help them live authentically by tapping into their personal meaning so they can be who they are, and not a version of who others may want them to be.
(925) 397-2251 View (925) 397-2251
Photo of Nicki Koethner, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Nicki Koethner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you anxious, depressed and tired? Are you feeling emotional for no reason? Feeling disoriented and lonely? Questioning everything in your life? I help people to deeply listen inside and let their choices be based on what is true for them. While pain and emotions are part of being human, suffering can be minimized by allowing what is inside of us to be expressed and find acceptance in our experiences. I support you to move through trauma, anxiety, anger and depression to empowerment. Stress-management is part of the work and looking at communication with ourselves and others to have fulfilling relationships.
Are you anxious, depressed and tired? Are you feeling emotional for no reason? Feeling disoriented and lonely? Questioning everything in your life? I help people to deeply listen inside and let their choices be based on what is true for them. While pain and emotions are part of being human, suffering can be minimized by allowing what is inside of us to be expressed and find acceptance in our experiences. I support you to move through trauma, anxiety, anger and depression to empowerment. Stress-management is part of the work and looking at communication with ourselves and others to have fulfilling relationships.
(510) 606-9884 View (510) 606-9884
Photo of Kelley Shore, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Kelley Shore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
My practice focuses on providing mental health support to adolescents, young adults, and their families. I have experience as a crisis therapist for youth and young adults with the Mobile Response Team in Contra Costa County and in a college setting. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with suicidal ideation, depression, self-harm, anxiety, and trauma, including sexual abuse.
My practice focuses on providing mental health support to adolescents, young adults, and their families. I have experience as a crisis therapist for youth and young adults with the Mobile Response Team in Contra Costa County and in a college setting. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with suicidal ideation, depression, self-harm, anxiety, and trauma, including sexual abuse.
(925) 744-6480 View (925) 744-6480
Photo of Chris Jefferson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Chris Jefferson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you’re here you’ve likely recognized that there is something you’d like to change about the way you’ve been feeling or the way you’ve been living your life. Perhaps you already know what it is, a specific event to be processed, a pattern of behavior you’d like to change, or relationships you’d like to improve. Maybe it's not quite so clear; there’s just a sense that things are off, that life has been more uncomfortable than it has to be, that things are not flowing as smoothly as you know they could. The good news is that if you’re reading this, you’re already taking the first steps towards positive change in your life.
If you’re here you’ve likely recognized that there is something you’d like to change about the way you’ve been feeling or the way you’ve been living your life. Perhaps you already know what it is, a specific event to be processed, a pattern of behavior you’d like to change, or relationships you’d like to improve. Maybe it's not quite so clear; there’s just a sense that things are off, that life has been more uncomfortable than it has to be, that things are not flowing as smoothly as you know they could. The good news is that if you’re reading this, you’re already taking the first steps towards positive change in your life.
(925) 281-0687 View (925) 281-0687
Photo of Dawn Shifreen-Pomerantz, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Dawn Shifreen-Pomerantz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Serves Area
I believe patients come to us because they feel grief, anxiety, depression and traumatized or alienated from themselves and others. The suffering you experience comes in many forms and you do not always have the words to say what you feel. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents whom have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, ADHD, chronic somatic pains and/or are experiencing grief and loss. I also work with couples and families. I have a specialization in expressive arts therapy and sandtray for those who may have difficulty expressing their feelings, memories and experiences through verbal means.
I believe patients come to us because they feel grief, anxiety, depression and traumatized or alienated from themselves and others. The suffering you experience comes in many forms and you do not always have the words to say what you feel. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents whom have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, ADHD, chronic somatic pains and/or are experiencing grief and loss. I also work with couples and families. I have a specialization in expressive arts therapy and sandtray for those who may have difficulty expressing their feelings, memories and experiences through verbal means.
(925) 263-6612 View (925) 263-6612
Photo of Katie Malone - Katie Malone, TheraThrive Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Katie Malone, TheraThrive Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you, or your child, struggle with intense emotions? Do either of you spend time feeling alone and searching for meaning? Maybe you find it difficult to increase your sense of self-worth, and wonder what to do? If any of these questions resonate with you, then you have come to the right place. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (99859) and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (4606), and I genuinely enjoy and feel honored to work with each of my clients, and provide them with the support they need to meet their goals.
Do you, or your child, struggle with intense emotions? Do either of you spend time feeling alone and searching for meaning? Maybe you find it difficult to increase your sense of self-worth, and wonder what to do? If any of these questions resonate with you, then you have come to the right place. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (99859) and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (4606), and I genuinely enjoy and feel honored to work with each of my clients, and provide them with the support they need to meet their goals.
(925) 966-2577 View (925) 966-2577
Photo of Eric Anderson - Pathway Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT-S
Pathway Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT-S
Serves Area
At Pathway Therapy Center we help individuals and couples repair find recovery from sex and pornography addiction. Is your relationship in crisis because of a recent discovery? Have you just found out about your partner's affair or betrayal? Do you have a problem with a process addiction such as video gaming or compulsive spending? We are here to help with a team of expertly trained clinicians who specialize in helping those dealing with sexually addictive patterns and other process addictions. Further we have specialists who help partners deal with the impacts of having discovered that their relationship was not what they once thought it was.
At Pathway Therapy Center we help individuals and couples repair find recovery from sex and pornography addiction. Is your relationship in crisis because of a recent discovery? Have you just found out about your partner's affair or betrayal? Do you have a problem with a process addiction such as video gaming or compulsive spending? We are here to help with a team of expertly trained clinicians who specialize in helping those dealing with sexually addictive patterns and other process addictions. Further we have specialists who help partners deal with the impacts of having discovered that their relationship was not what they once thought it was.
(510) 767-0880 View (510) 767-0880
Photo of Nadia Miriam Underwood - Mira Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mira Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Counseling can help you through challenging times and be life changing. I have dedicated myself to helping people with serious life challenges by providing therapy and education to empower my clients to make sense of their feelings, re-frame their life narratives, and develop healthy coping skills. I specialize in depression, anxiety, life transitions, couple's counseling, grief/loss, health issues, family conflicts, immigration/cultural/racial issues, and death & dying. Originally from Romania, I grew up in Germany, and have lived in the Bay Area for 30 years.
Counseling can help you through challenging times and be life changing. I have dedicated myself to helping people with serious life challenges by providing therapy and education to empower my clients to make sense of their feelings, re-frame their life narratives, and develop healthy coping skills. I specialize in depression, anxiety, life transitions, couple's counseling, grief/loss, health issues, family conflicts, immigration/cultural/racial issues, and death & dying. Originally from Romania, I grew up in Germany, and have lived in the Bay Area for 30 years.
(925) 962-5207 View (925) 962-5207
Photo of Heather Macbeth - Oakland DBT and Mindfulness Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Oakland DBT and Mindfulness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
The Center, founded in 2012 by Christine Benvenuto, MFT and Heather Macbeth, MFT, has evolved beyond its roots while maintaining a firm foundation in DBT. We incorporate other evidenced-based, experiential, and depth-oriented approaches, including working within expanded states of consciousness via Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy. We have an integrative Team that meets weekly where we receive regular outside training and consultation so that we can provide state of the art clinical services. Given our rapidly changing world, with multiple demands on our attention while being faced with polarizing societal forces, we aim to support.
The Center, founded in 2012 by Christine Benvenuto, MFT and Heather Macbeth, MFT, has evolved beyond its roots while maintaining a firm foundation in DBT. We incorporate other evidenced-based, experiential, and depth-oriented approaches, including working within expanded states of consciousness via Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy. We have an integrative Team that meets weekly where we receive regular outside training and consultation so that we can provide state of the art clinical services. Given our rapidly changing world, with multiple demands on our attention while being faced with polarizing societal forces, we aim to support.
(510) 876-9674 View (510) 876-9674
Photo of Ines M Vaniman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Ines M Vaniman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
There are many reasons to seek therapy, and my goal is to help you reach yours as quickly as possible. As a down-to-earth, experienced therapist, I use proven, client-centered approaches, including CBT, Brainspotting, IFS, and Mindfulness, tailored to your needs. With over 18 years in the field, my expertise and compassionate approach create a safe space for healing. Clients choose me for my ability to foster strong, trusting relationships and for helping them make meaningful, lasting changes. Together, we’ll create a plan that works for you.
There are many reasons to seek therapy, and my goal is to help you reach yours as quickly as possible. As a down-to-earth, experienced therapist, I use proven, client-centered approaches, including CBT, Brainspotting, IFS, and Mindfulness, tailored to your needs. With over 18 years in the field, my expertise and compassionate approach create a safe space for healing. Clients choose me for my ability to foster strong, trusting relationships and for helping them make meaningful, lasting changes. Together, we’ll create a plan that works for you.
(925) 246-2964 View (925) 246-2964
Photo of Robert Jupe, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Robert Jupe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Serves Area
I've been in private practice for 40+ yrs. and have specialized in couples' relationship therapy both direct treatment and in workshops in the Bay Area. My approach is direct and involved with each partner. I focus on both the emotional and behavioral aspects unique to each couple. With most male partners, I am able to offer a safe setting that strongly invites men to engage in the treatment. When needed, I will recommend a co-therapy approach with my wife, Dr. Ciele Jupe. Additionally, therapy with men seeking change or resolving work/life issues is a specialty as well.
I've been in private practice for 40+ yrs. and have specialized in couples' relationship therapy both direct treatment and in workshops in the Bay Area. My approach is direct and involved with each partner. I focus on both the emotional and behavioral aspects unique to each couple. With most male partners, I am able to offer a safe setting that strongly invites men to engage in the treatment. When needed, I will recommend a co-therapy approach with my wife, Dr. Ciele Jupe. Additionally, therapy with men seeking change or resolving work/life issues is a specialty as well.
(925) 301-9109 View (925) 301-9109
Photo of Jill Pettegrew, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jill Pettegrew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
I offer Somatic Experiencing (SE) and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy. My work focuses on supporting individuals navigating PTSD, anxiety, and depression. I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore the mind-body connection at a pace that fosters empowerment and regulation rather than overwhelm, shutdown, or dysregulation. Together, we'll look at relationship patterns, practice identifying and expressing feelings and needs, and strengthen your ability to set and maintain healthy boundaries. Somatic Experiencing addresses how trauma and stress are held in the body and increases emotional resilience.
I offer Somatic Experiencing (SE) and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy. My work focuses on supporting individuals navigating PTSD, anxiety, and depression. I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore the mind-body connection at a pace that fosters empowerment and regulation rather than overwhelm, shutdown, or dysregulation. Together, we'll look at relationship patterns, practice identifying and expressing feelings and needs, and strengthen your ability to set and maintain healthy boundaries. Somatic Experiencing addresses how trauma and stress are held in the body and increases emotional resilience.
(925) 308-6168 View (925) 308-6168
Photo of Peggie Lee - Peggie Lee LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Peggie Lee LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a clinical social worker, I have an eclectic approach to treatment. I help you examine your life experience holistically. I walk beside you in treatment, support you in your endeavors, and cheer you on towards wellness. My therapeutic approach and compassion are rooted in my past work with the homeless population, foster youth, the severe and persistently mental ill, and survivors of rape, domestic violence, sexual assault, and child abuse. After receiving an M.S.W. from the University of Southern California, I practiced in the Los Angeles and San Francisco area.
As a clinical social worker, I have an eclectic approach to treatment. I help you examine your life experience holistically. I walk beside you in treatment, support you in your endeavors, and cheer you on towards wellness. My therapeutic approach and compassion are rooted in my past work with the homeless population, foster youth, the severe and persistently mental ill, and survivors of rape, domestic violence, sexual assault, and child abuse. After receiving an M.S.W. from the University of Southern California, I practiced in the Los Angeles and San Francisco area.
(415) 968-5418 View (415) 968-5418
Photo of Eleanor Lew, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Eleanor Lew
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Serves Area
Whether you're struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, relationship or cultural issues, or navigating life transitions, the fact that you're reading this means you still have hope that you can overcome the problems you're facing and create a life you truly love. And you can! My name is Eleanor Lew, and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist in Emeryville and Berkeley, California, who's been helping people like you to do just this for the past two decades. And I can help you, too. I commend you for the self-awareness that's brought you here, and for your courage in seeking the professional assistance you need and deserve.
Whether you're struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, relationship or cultural issues, or navigating life transitions, the fact that you're reading this means you still have hope that you can overcome the problems you're facing and create a life you truly love. And you can! My name is Eleanor Lew, and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist in Emeryville and Berkeley, California, who's been helping people like you to do just this for the past two decades. And I can help you, too. I commend you for the self-awareness that's brought you here, and for your courage in seeking the professional assistance you need and deserve.
(510) 400-7417 View (510) 400-7417
Photo of Brandy Dunn - Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist, PsyD
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 949-3802 View (415) 949-3802

See more therapy options for 94556

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94556

50+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 94556 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
66% Stress
64% Relationship Issues
62% Grief
62% Family Conflict
62% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
74% Anthem
74% Optum

How Therapists in 94556 see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94556?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.