Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Judith Tripp, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Judith Tripp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Thirty-four years of experience have taught me what works in therapy. I utilize techniques from psychodynamic, cognitive, somatic and transpersonal approaches. I have skill and experience working with people who are anxious or depressed. I have worked successfully with people who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and people who have had difficulty in relationships. I will meet you with respect and compassion and work with you to develop a strategy for healing your wounds, disappointments and existential dilemmas. Together we will work to reveal the best of you-freed from debilitating family patterns, constraining belief systems and dysfunctional habits
Thirty-four years of experience have taught me what works in therapy. I utilize techniques from psychodynamic, cognitive, somatic and transpersonal approaches. I have skill and experience working with people who are anxious or depressed. I have worked successfully with people who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and people who have had difficulty in relationships. I will meet you with respect and compassion and work with you to develop a strategy for healing your wounds, disappointments and existential dilemmas. Together we will work to reveal the best of you-freed from debilitating family patterns, constraining belief systems and dysfunctional habits
(650) 385-8345 View (650) 385-8345
Photo of Matt McKeithan, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Matt McKeithan
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating those with various mental disorders and behavioral issues to include: ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, and Personality Disorders. I utilize detailed Psychological Assessment, and empirically supported treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness. I am certified as a DBT practitioner and a life coach. Lastly, I integrate a holistic mindset into my practice, where emphasis is placed on gut/brain health, sleep quality, lifestyle, and diet.
I specialize in treating those with various mental disorders and behavioral issues to include: ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, and Personality Disorders. I utilize detailed Psychological Assessment, and empirically supported treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness. I am certified as a DBT practitioner and a life coach. Lastly, I integrate a holistic mindset into my practice, where emphasis is placed on gut/brain health, sleep quality, lifestyle, and diet.
(628) 214-2794 View (628) 214-2794
Photo of Whitney Clarke, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Whitney Clarke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
(415) 980-4462 View (415) 980-4462
Photo of Deborah Igoa-Kuhn, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Deborah Igoa-Kuhn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
My practice is helping others develop the skills they need to become more resilient to the pressures and stressors of life and to live a meaningful authentic life, striving towards wholeness. Suffering is part of life, and can we learn to be with it, possibly even lean into it, and listen for what it might be wanting us to learn. Depression, anxiety, cravings, problems in relationships, feeling stuck and loss of meaning, can occur when we aren't connected to our authentic selves. Together we will work towards creating and nurturing who you uniquely are in the world. When we become more aware – we can open to life.
My practice is helping others develop the skills they need to become more resilient to the pressures and stressors of life and to live a meaningful authentic life, striving towards wholeness. Suffering is part of life, and can we learn to be with it, possibly even lean into it, and listen for what it might be wanting us to learn. Depression, anxiety, cravings, problems in relationships, feeling stuck and loss of meaning, can occur when we aren't connected to our authentic selves. Together we will work towards creating and nurturing who you uniquely are in the world. When we become more aware – we can open to life.
(415) 390-0271 View (415) 390-0271
Photo of Robyn Bloom, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Robyn Bloom
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck, believing life should be different but not sure how to move ahead? Are you fulfilled in your most important relationships or is their a sense of dissatisfaction? When life throws you challenges it may seem like you have to go it alone but there is help. Working with me, therapy is a healthy and interactive dialogue that can help you achieve the life you want for yourself, gain a greater sense of self-acceptance and acceptance of others. My style is warm, non-judgmental and curious.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck, believing life should be different but not sure how to move ahead? Are you fulfilled in your most important relationships or is their a sense of dissatisfaction? When life throws you challenges it may seem like you have to go it alone but there is help. Working with me, therapy is a healthy and interactive dialogue that can help you achieve the life you want for yourself, gain a greater sense of self-acceptance and acceptance of others. My style is warm, non-judgmental and curious.
(415) 795-2957 View (415) 795-2957
Photo of Ulash Thakore Dunlap, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ulash Thakore Dunlap
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, PPSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Balancing relationships, work or school, family, and social life presents many moments of happiness and struggles. My goal is to help clients navigate through their life challenges. I am a Licensed Marriage, Family Therapist (MFT no. 49716). I provide individual, group and family therapy, and consultation services in San Francisco. I look forward to meeting you.
Balancing relationships, work or school, family, and social life presents many moments of happiness and struggles. My goal is to help clients navigate through their life challenges. I am a Licensed Marriage, Family Therapist (MFT no. 49716). I provide individual, group and family therapy, and consultation services in San Francisco. I look forward to meeting you.
(415) 347-8704 View (415) 347-8704
Photo of Peggy Handler, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peggy Handler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Do you long for a deeper sense of peace, wholeness and connection to life? Do repetitive patterns prevent you from having a fulfilling life and satisfying relationships? Any issue or symptom, such as addiction, depression or anxiety, or an underlying sense of disconnection, fear or doubt, is a message from your unconscious that something inside Is out of alignment. We will collaboratively explore your experiences and their meaning to help you connect to yourself and life in a fuller and more satisfying way.
Do you long for a deeper sense of peace, wholeness and connection to life? Do repetitive patterns prevent you from having a fulfilling life and satisfying relationships? Any issue or symptom, such as addiction, depression or anxiety, or an underlying sense of disconnection, fear or doubt, is a message from your unconscious that something inside Is out of alignment. We will collaboratively explore your experiences and their meaning to help you connect to yourself and life in a fuller and more satisfying way.
(415) 630-5753 View (415) 630-5753
Photo of Andrea Crapanzano, Ph.D, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Crapanzano, Ph.D
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you feeling exhausted, lost, uncertain about who you are, who you want to become, and life's direction? Do you find yourself unsatisfied with your job or relationships, grappling with feelings of inadequacy, abandonment, and rejection? You're not alone. In therapy with me, you'll embark on a transformative journey to become an expert on YOU: your personality, your past, your needs and wants, the places you get stuck, and how to overcome painful feelings. You'll come to understand why you feel isolated and alone and that you're worthy and unique. You'll learn ways to make your relationships with others better and more satisfying.
Are you feeling exhausted, lost, uncertain about who you are, who you want to become, and life's direction? Do you find yourself unsatisfied with your job or relationships, grappling with feelings of inadequacy, abandonment, and rejection? You're not alone. In therapy with me, you'll embark on a transformative journey to become an expert on YOU: your personality, your past, your needs and wants, the places you get stuck, and how to overcome painful feelings. You'll come to understand why you feel isolated and alone and that you're worthy and unique. You'll learn ways to make your relationships with others better and more satisfying.
(415) 688-2484 View (415) 688-2484
Photo of Bowra Faiez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bowra Faiez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck in your personal life or your relationship? Are your thoughts of constant worry, hopelessness, uncertainty overwhelming your day-to-day journey? Have you decided it's time that you approach these feelings and emotions head-on? Therapy is a brave and powerful first step towards exploring what might be contributing to these feelings. I help address these experiences by utilizing a goal-oriented and solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT). I work with clients to help support them in bringing their strength in the room and allowing them to be able to get in touch with their inner self.
Do you feel stuck in your personal life or your relationship? Are your thoughts of constant worry, hopelessness, uncertainty overwhelming your day-to-day journey? Have you decided it's time that you approach these feelings and emotions head-on? Therapy is a brave and powerful first step towards exploring what might be contributing to these feelings. I help address these experiences by utilizing a goal-oriented and solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT). I work with clients to help support them in bringing their strength in the room and allowing them to be able to get in touch with their inner self.
(408) 459-4158 View (408) 459-4158
Photo of Melissa Ciappetta, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Melissa Ciappetta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I offer a therapeutic approach that is warm, non-judgmental, calm and engages the client. I am a compassionate and seasoned therapist who has treated clients with a range of clinical issues for over 20 years. My approach provides a safe way to deal with major life changes. I can help you find the patterns and identify the connections between thoughts, feelings and behaviors. My direct New York style , softened by my California vibe, will provide you with thoughtful reflection needed to help you find the path toward healing.
I offer a therapeutic approach that is warm, non-judgmental, calm and engages the client. I am a compassionate and seasoned therapist who has treated clients with a range of clinical issues for over 20 years. My approach provides a safe way to deal with major life changes. I can help you find the patterns and identify the connections between thoughts, feelings and behaviors. My direct New York style , softened by my California vibe, will provide you with thoughtful reflection needed to help you find the path toward healing.
(415) 936-7326 View (415) 936-7326
Photo of Alicia Perez, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Alicia Perez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LPCC, CEDS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental, and honest space where we can explore your needs and goals in therapy. I am passionate about therapy and believe it to be a powerful mechanism for self exploration, growth and healing. I have worked with a wide variety of people and have received specialized training and extensive experience in the treatment of Eating Disorders, anxiety, mood disorders and Trauma/PTSD.
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental, and honest space where we can explore your needs and goals in therapy. I am passionate about therapy and believe it to be a powerful mechanism for self exploration, growth and healing. I have worked with a wide variety of people and have received specialized training and extensive experience in the treatment of Eating Disorders, anxiety, mood disorders and Trauma/PTSD.
(919) 873-4822 View (919) 873-4822
Photo of Daniel Jackson, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Daniel Jackson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy starts with building a foundation of collaboration, safety, and trust. Therapy works best when you are able to make a commitment to personal betterment, healing, and change. Change can apply to your ways of thinking, relationship interactions, and habits. Even small changes can make a big difference in quality of life. I also pay close to attention to what your strengths are and what you value, and encourage you to trust and use those strengths while living out those values in order to create a greater sense of well-being.
My approach to therapy starts with building a foundation of collaboration, safety, and trust. Therapy works best when you are able to make a commitment to personal betterment, healing, and change. Change can apply to your ways of thinking, relationship interactions, and habits. Even small changes can make a big difference in quality of life. I also pay close to attention to what your strengths are and what you value, and encourage you to trust and use those strengths while living out those values in order to create a greater sense of well-being.
(415) 943-2530 View (415) 943-2530
Photo of Jen Poole, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jen Poole
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Welcome to my practice. I am a heart-centered therapist who works collaboratively with you. This work supports you in finding the roots of self- limiting beliefs and relationship patterns, and provides tools and techniques for healing, which gives way to inner clarity and freedom. When you are connected to your inner wisdom and intelligence, your life becomes healthy and grounded, relationships are more intimate and loving, and quality of life becomes richer. I use a holistic body-heart-and soul approach with those who are committed to growth and healing.
Welcome to my practice. I am a heart-centered therapist who works collaboratively with you. This work supports you in finding the roots of self- limiting beliefs and relationship patterns, and provides tools and techniques for healing, which gives way to inner clarity and freedom. When you are connected to your inner wisdom and intelligence, your life becomes healthy and grounded, relationships are more intimate and loving, and quality of life becomes richer. I use a holistic body-heart-and soul approach with those who are committed to growth and healing.
(628) 227-5436 View (628) 227-5436
Photo of Nata Bolsheva in San Francisco, CA
Nata Bolsheva
PhD, FNCCCE, FNCPC, FABFEI, CFC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Travel throughout US and Canada. In Home Visit. Telecommunication though SKYPE, ZOOM, DOXY. Artemis-Forensic Expert Services Center, based in San Francisco, and serving Bay Area, has helped many people who need assistance with issues concerning their well being for many years. We could help to coordinate parenting - a child-focused alternative dispute resolution process to assists high conflict parents to implement their parenting plan by facilitating the resolution of their disputes in a timely manner, educating parents about children’s needs, and with prior approval of the parties and/or the court.
Travel throughout US and Canada. In Home Visit. Telecommunication though SKYPE, ZOOM, DOXY. Artemis-Forensic Expert Services Center, based in San Francisco, and serving Bay Area, has helped many people who need assistance with issues concerning their well being for many years. We could help to coordinate parenting - a child-focused alternative dispute resolution process to assists high conflict parents to implement their parenting plan by facilitating the resolution of their disputes in a timely manner, educating parents about children’s needs, and with prior approval of the parties and/or the court.
(628) 600-1694 View (628) 600-1694
Photo of Gia Stark, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gia Stark
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for reading this. Having a background in grassroots and non-profit work as well as teaching, so I am fiercely passionate about equity, social justice and liberation for all people. The therapeutic relationship is unique and radical --- your words have exquisite power and we get to think together about what they mean.
Thank you for reading this. Having a background in grassroots and non-profit work as well as teaching, so I am fiercely passionate about equity, social justice and liberation for all people. The therapeutic relationship is unique and radical --- your words have exquisite power and we get to think together about what they mean.
(415) 650-2651 View (415) 650-2651
Photo of Gillian Nathan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gillian Nathan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CHT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Are you ready to invite ease, joy and connection into your life? To let go of old pain and live more fully in the present? My office is a safe and supportive environment for self-exploration, healing, and change. Together we address challenges by identifying current strengths and resources and adding new tools and resources. By developing more balance in your emotional, physical and spiritual aspects of self, this holistic approach helps you find greater peace and fulfillment in your life and relationships.
Are you ready to invite ease, joy and connection into your life? To let go of old pain and live more fully in the present? My office is a safe and supportive environment for self-exploration, healing, and change. Together we address challenges by identifying current strengths and resources and adding new tools and resources. By developing more balance in your emotional, physical and spiritual aspects of self, this holistic approach helps you find greater peace and fulfillment in your life and relationships.
(415) 726-2811 View (415) 726-2811
Photo of Kate Marette Liedl, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Kate Marette Liedl
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA , AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Maybe you’re here because someone in your life has suggested you need help. You are not even sure if your drinking or using is a real problem, but sometimes you struggle with how you feel the next day. Maybe you've suffered a consequence. You might have even tried going to a 12-step meeting or quitting as a New Year's resolution. After all of this, you've come to the conclusion that you need more support. You're in the right place. I have helped people like you. I want to meet you exactly where you are and help you find the answers to these questions: How am I coping? Why do I use? How do I want to change?
Maybe you’re here because someone in your life has suggested you need help. You are not even sure if your drinking or using is a real problem, but sometimes you struggle with how you feel the next day. Maybe you've suffered a consequence. You might have even tried going to a 12-step meeting or quitting as a New Year's resolution. After all of this, you've come to the conclusion that you need more support. You're in the right place. I have helped people like you. I want to meet you exactly where you are and help you find the answers to these questions: How am I coping? Why do I use? How do I want to change?
(415) 881-8701 View (415) 881-8701
Photo of Sally King, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sally King
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting individual adult clients of all ages. My approach is warm and collaborative, drawing on different therapeutic models to target your specific needs. I use a psychodynamic lens to help you identify what past and present conditions are determining your choices and coming between you and a more satisfying way of life, cognitive and mindfulness approaches to help you regulate emotions and gain perspective on self-defeating thoughts, and Sandplay therapy to process trauma and explore states of mind that are difficult to put into words. I also use Ecotherapy perspectives and exercises.
I am currently accepting individual adult clients of all ages. My approach is warm and collaborative, drawing on different therapeutic models to target your specific needs. I use a psychodynamic lens to help you identify what past and present conditions are determining your choices and coming between you and a more satisfying way of life, cognitive and mindfulness approaches to help you regulate emotions and gain perspective on self-defeating thoughts, and Sandplay therapy to process trauma and explore states of mind that are difficult to put into words. I also use Ecotherapy perspectives and exercises.
(415) 687-1149 View (415) 687-1149
Photo of Greg Clinton, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Greg Clinton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
A lot of us have a hard time asking for help. Fear, shame, or needing to be self-sufficient are feelings that can get in the way of recognizing when we need help--and reaching out and asking for it. My approach to therapy creates a safe place where sensitive, painful or scary feelings can be openly explored without judgment. We form a partnership to figure out what is going on and how to move forward. I'm actively engaged in our work--it's a partnership, after all--to help you overcome problem behaviors and develop better ways of coping.
A lot of us have a hard time asking for help. Fear, shame, or needing to be self-sufficient are feelings that can get in the way of recognizing when we need help--and reaching out and asking for it. My approach to therapy creates a safe place where sensitive, painful or scary feelings can be openly explored without judgment. We form a partnership to figure out what is going on and how to move forward. I'm actively engaged in our work--it's a partnership, after all--to help you overcome problem behaviors and develop better ways of coping.
(415) 692-5691 View (415) 692-5691
Photo of Ann Arora, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ann Arora
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I work with adults who struggle with depression and anxiety. I help my clients understand themselves and what triggers them, and importantly, I provide skills to help them manage their reactions to the stress and difficulties in their lives.
I work with adults who struggle with depression and anxiety. I help my clients understand themselves and what triggers them, and importantly, I provide skills to help them manage their reactions to the stress and difficulties in their lives.
(415) 570-9484 View (415) 570-9484

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.