Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Aida Colocho, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Aida Colocho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience addressing trauma in women who have been victims of domestic violence. My approach is mostly Psychodynamic with Cognitive Restructuring to help these victims process their past trauma and gain insight into establishing healthy boundaries. This approach has helped many clients gain self-confidence and self-empowerment to continue in life not as a victim but as a survivor of trauma. Clients have been able to learn skills that help them better manage their symptoms and gain a sense of control and self in their lives moving forward.
I have extensive experience addressing trauma in women who have been victims of domestic violence. My approach is mostly Psychodynamic with Cognitive Restructuring to help these victims process their past trauma and gain insight into establishing healthy boundaries. This approach has helped many clients gain self-confidence and self-empowerment to continue in life not as a victim but as a survivor of trauma. Clients have been able to learn skills that help them better manage their symptoms and gain a sense of control and self in their lives moving forward.
(415) 329-3752 View (415) 329-3752
Photo of John Hanig, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
John Hanig
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103
I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
(415) 504-3833 View (415) 504-3833
Photo of Paul W. Thomas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Paul W. Thomas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My style is personal, collaborative, and responsive to your needs. I start from the premise that you are the expert on yourself. You have the innate ability to uncover, identify, explore, and ultimately change unwanted or problematic thoughts or behaviors.
My style is personal, collaborative, and responsive to your needs. I start from the premise that you are the expert on yourself. You have the innate ability to uncover, identify, explore, and ultimately change unwanted or problematic thoughts or behaviors.
(415) 980-8373 View (415) 980-8373
Photo of Judith Anna Nitchie, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Judith Anna Nitchie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, CMT, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Life with a chronic illness presents unique challenges. Not only do you have your new (and changing) physical reality, but anxiety, depression and overwhelm can show up unannounced. I've been there! The great news is that, with help, we can transform our state of mind and start loving life again. WE can get YOU back on the road to loving your life--let's get to it!
Life with a chronic illness presents unique challenges. Not only do you have your new (and changing) physical reality, but anxiety, depression and overwhelm can show up unannounced. I've been there! The great news is that, with help, we can transform our state of mind and start loving life again. WE can get YOU back on the road to loving your life--let's get to it!
(415) 799-9266 View (415) 799-9266
Photo of DEZ Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
DEZ Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Douglas was educated in Great Britain and brings a wealth of professional experience from careers in Corporate America and Europe.
Douglas was educated in Great Britain and brings a wealth of professional experience from careers in Corporate America and Europe.
(415) 853-9884 View (415) 853-9884
Photo of Amber Leshan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amber Leshan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I aim to bring heart, presence, connection, and meaningful guidance to all who choose to work with me. Some of my main areas of focus with clients are navigating relationship issues, building healthy self esteem, anxiety and stress management, and working through trauma. I also have specialized experience working with LGBTQ+ clients, individuals and couples navigating polyamory and open relationships, gender identity (non binary and transgender), sexuality and sacred sexuality, and non traditional spiritual practices. I enjoy working with clients who have a general interest and motivation towards self-reflection and personal growth.
I aim to bring heart, presence, connection, and meaningful guidance to all who choose to work with me. Some of my main areas of focus with clients are navigating relationship issues, building healthy self esteem, anxiety and stress management, and working through trauma. I also have specialized experience working with LGBTQ+ clients, individuals and couples navigating polyamory and open relationships, gender identity (non binary and transgender), sexuality and sacred sexuality, and non traditional spiritual practices. I enjoy working with clients who have a general interest and motivation towards self-reflection and personal growth.
(415) 879-8077 View (415) 879-8077
Photo of J. C. Chance, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
J. C. Chance
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Becoming our most alive and authentic self is the goal of psychotherapy. If you are like many of the people that I work with, you have felt that being yourself wasn't accepted or valued in relationships, your family, or the world in general. In therapy, you have the opportunity to non-judgmentally challenge and change these learned beliefs and grow into your true self. I am especially interested in working with couples, relationship problems, anxiety, trauma, sex and sexuality, and LGBTQ.
Becoming our most alive and authentic self is the goal of psychotherapy. If you are like many of the people that I work with, you have felt that being yourself wasn't accepted or valued in relationships, your family, or the world in general. In therapy, you have the opportunity to non-judgmentally challenge and change these learned beliefs and grow into your true self. I am especially interested in working with couples, relationship problems, anxiety, trauma, sex and sexuality, and LGBTQ.
(415) 787-4872 View (415) 787-4872
Photo of Laura H Fraser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura H Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
There are so many reasons why people seek out psychotherapy. Maybe you are feeling trapped in a cycle of destructive patterns that are causing great suffering to you or the people around you. These struggles might be a result of: a painful relationship with your body and food, an eating disorder, a history of abuse, trauma or alcoholism in your childhood home or difficulites parenting your child or teenager. You may be seeking help for your child who is having trouble with relationships, school, drugs and alcohol, adhering to family rules or is not feeling strong about who they are as an individual.
There are so many reasons why people seek out psychotherapy. Maybe you are feeling trapped in a cycle of destructive patterns that are causing great suffering to you or the people around you. These struggles might be a result of: a painful relationship with your body and food, an eating disorder, a history of abuse, trauma or alcoholism in your childhood home or difficulites parenting your child or teenager. You may be seeking help for your child who is having trouble with relationships, school, drugs and alcohol, adhering to family rules or is not feeling strong about who they are as an individual.
(415) 969-5494 View (415) 969-5494
Photo of Heather O'Neill, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Heather O'Neill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I see the choice to begin therapy as an act of self-empowerment. Whether you need support for a difficult life transition, notice ingrained patterns that you want to shift, or seek personal or spiritual growth, initiating therapy is already paving the way for change. I believe that we are inherently relational beings, and that sharing our whole selves within the support of a trusting relationship is an important component of healing. From this place of truth, we can work together to make meaning of your challenges and leverage them into opportunities for growth and change.
I see the choice to begin therapy as an act of self-empowerment. Whether you need support for a difficult life transition, notice ingrained patterns that you want to shift, or seek personal or spiritual growth, initiating therapy is already paving the way for change. I believe that we are inherently relational beings, and that sharing our whole selves within the support of a trusting relationship is an important component of healing. From this place of truth, we can work together to make meaning of your challenges and leverage them into opportunities for growth and change.
(628) 262-2613 View (628) 262-2613
Photo of Robert Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Robert Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with men approaching or in mid-life (30’s, 40’s, 50’s) who need help with work, relational and personal challenges. Adapting to a transition or preparing to make one, can lead to feeling stuck, anxious, depressed or full of anger. Perhaps you’re in a relationship that is more characterized by conflict rather than love and satisfying sex. Maybe you’re facing loss, feeling disconnected or overwhelmed by your feelings. These experiences can lead to addiction, isolation and compulsive behaviors. I’ve worked with these issues and I can help you.
I specialize in working with men approaching or in mid-life (30’s, 40’s, 50’s) who need help with work, relational and personal challenges. Adapting to a transition or preparing to make one, can lead to feeling stuck, anxious, depressed or full of anger. Perhaps you’re in a relationship that is more characterized by conflict rather than love and satisfying sex. Maybe you’re facing loss, feeling disconnected or overwhelmed by your feelings. These experiences can lead to addiction, isolation and compulsive behaviors. I’ve worked with these issues and I can help you.
(415) 727-8117 View (415) 727-8117
Photo of Isobel Heath, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Isobel Heath
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Therapy improves relationships. The individuals I work with are often tired of repeating the same patterns again and again, whether it's dating abuse, codependency, or chronic relationship conflict, anxiety, avoidance or indecision. They're ready to get to the root causes and finally make real change. Of course, all relationships start with and reflect your relationship to yourself. If you're dealing with a harsh inner critic, imposter syndrome or low self-worth, this internal relationship deserves your careful attention first.
Therapy improves relationships. The individuals I work with are often tired of repeating the same patterns again and again, whether it's dating abuse, codependency, or chronic relationship conflict, anxiety, avoidance or indecision. They're ready to get to the root causes and finally make real change. Of course, all relationships start with and reflect your relationship to yourself. If you're dealing with a harsh inner critic, imposter syndrome or low self-worth, this internal relationship deserves your careful attention first.
(415) 630-7460 View (415) 630-7460
Photo of Vonceil Yara, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Vonceil Yara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Waitlist for new clients
As we embark on this therapeutic journey together, please know that this is a safe space, a place of acceptance, where we can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. We will collaboratively address the challenges you're facing. Recognizing and embracing the role of our cultural backgrounds and life experiences in shaping us, I always strive to bring a culturally sensitive and inclusive lens to our interactions. I believe that our diverse backgrounds aren't just an important part of our identities, but also contribute to our resilience and capacity for growth and change.
As we embark on this therapeutic journey together, please know that this is a safe space, a place of acceptance, where we can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. We will collaboratively address the challenges you're facing. Recognizing and embracing the role of our cultural backgrounds and life experiences in shaping us, I always strive to bring a culturally sensitive and inclusive lens to our interactions. I believe that our diverse backgrounds aren't just an important part of our identities, but also contribute to our resilience and capacity for growth and change.
(415) 915-5860 View (415) 915-5860
Photo of Niki Khanna, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Niki Khanna
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
I take a very straightforward, yet warm and non-judgmental approach to my work. I offer client-centered therapy with an emphasis on helping individuals reach wholeness and authenticity. I do not believe I can be an authority on anyone else’s experience, but I might be able to offer a perspective that helps someone see their life in another way. We can explore together not just the thoughts you are having, but also the way you relate to others and the way you relate to your body and what it expresses.
I take a very straightforward, yet warm and non-judgmental approach to my work. I offer client-centered therapy with an emphasis on helping individuals reach wholeness and authenticity. I do not believe I can be an authority on anyone else’s experience, but I might be able to offer a perspective that helps someone see their life in another way. We can explore together not just the thoughts you are having, but also the way you relate to others and the way you relate to your body and what it expresses.
(415) 886-0547 View (415) 886-0547
Photo of Brenda Renee Cordova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brenda Renee Cordova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
(628) 203-1333 View (628) 203-1333
Photo of Alyssa Casimiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alyssa Casimiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
I work with AAPI Millennial and Generation Z women grappling with anxiety and imposter syndrome. My mission is to empower you to reclaim self-confidence, discover clarity, and embrace your authentic selves. Whether you're navigating life transitions or seeking to explore generational trauma and family patterns, I'm here to provide support and guidance every step of the way. With a profound connection to Guam, the birthplace of my parents, I'm rooted in the rich tapestry of Chamoru culture, fostering a deep appreciation for the values of community and family.
I work with AAPI Millennial and Generation Z women grappling with anxiety and imposter syndrome. My mission is to empower you to reclaim self-confidence, discover clarity, and embrace your authentic selves. Whether you're navigating life transitions or seeking to explore generational trauma and family patterns, I'm here to provide support and guidance every step of the way. With a profound connection to Guam, the birthplace of my parents, I'm rooted in the rich tapestry of Chamoru culture, fostering a deep appreciation for the values of community and family.
(925) 744-6216 x4 View (925) 744-6216 x4
Photo of Elizabeth Lebrun- Arrow Psychotherapy, Registered Psychological Associate in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Lebrun- Arrow Psychotherapy
Registered Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
My style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative; I believe the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of successful therapy. I listen to your unique story with deep curiosity while being proactive and engaged in sharing feedback. I strive for you to feel cared for and heard while experiencing a safe and authentic connection. My goal is for us to develop a deeper understanding of what brings you to therapy while providing effective tools for lasting change.
My style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative; I believe the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of successful therapy. I listen to your unique story with deep curiosity while being proactive and engaged in sharing feedback. I strive for you to feel cared for and heard while experiencing a safe and authentic connection. My goal is for us to develop a deeper understanding of what brings you to therapy while providing effective tools for lasting change.
(415) 360-0413 View (415) 360-0413
Photo of Barrie Eden Yuspeh, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Barrie Eden Yuspeh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I offer remote sessions that fit your needs. 2022 can be a great time to begin therapy and check in on your goals. Are you ready to make some changes? Or look at old blocks that have been holding you back? I offer psychotherapy for mind, body and spirit and I can help you to create and foster the life you want. I help people find more ease, more satisfaction, more confidence and more connection to themselves and others. By creating an atmosphere for learning, discovery and healing, I have seen many clients go through a deep transformative process.
I offer remote sessions that fit your needs. 2022 can be a great time to begin therapy and check in on your goals. Are you ready to make some changes? Or look at old blocks that have been holding you back? I offer psychotherapy for mind, body and spirit and I can help you to create and foster the life you want. I help people find more ease, more satisfaction, more confidence and more connection to themselves and others. By creating an atmosphere for learning, discovery and healing, I have seen many clients go through a deep transformative process.
(415) 935-4932 View (415) 935-4932
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 965-0819 View (415) 965-0819
Photo of Gina Nobuko Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gina Nobuko Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Moving towards the life you desire involves the cultivation of self-acceptance, curiosity, and renewal. The gradual unfolding of what you explore, allows you to become more familiar with resolving your concerns. This inquiry of exploration deepens the gradual awakening of finding, and following your inner wisdom, inviting conscious change in your life. You may be dealing with difficulties which are preventing you from achieving your goals. Sometimes, overwhelming emotions, challenging situations, or unexpected transitions leave you feeling in need of extra support.
Moving towards the life you desire involves the cultivation of self-acceptance, curiosity, and renewal. The gradual unfolding of what you explore, allows you to become more familiar with resolving your concerns. This inquiry of exploration deepens the gradual awakening of finding, and following your inner wisdom, inviting conscious change in your life. You may be dealing with difficulties which are preventing you from achieving your goals. Sometimes, overwhelming emotions, challenging situations, or unexpected transitions leave you feeling in need of extra support.
(415) 522-0707 View (415) 522-0707
Photo of Kim Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kim Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Kim Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She has a Masters of Arts in Counseling and Psychology. Kim's goal is to provide you with directive feedback to help identify current dynamics in relationships, reach a resolution to long-standing patterns, and support you in your efforts to lead a fulfilling life. Kim offers a truly relaxed environment where you're free to be your true authentic self. "? Outside of work, Kim enjoys spending time with family and friends and watching Netflix.
Kim Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She has a Masters of Arts in Counseling and Psychology. Kim's goal is to provide you with directive feedback to help identify current dynamics in relationships, reach a resolution to long-standing patterns, and support you in your efforts to lead a fulfilling life. Kim offers a truly relaxed environment where you're free to be your true authentic self. "? Outside of work, Kim enjoys spending time with family and friends and watching Netflix.
(628) 277-4378 View (628) 277-4378

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.