Therapists in 92857

Ann E Goldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
1 Endorsed
Orange, CA 92857
Loss? We all experience it. So why does it catch us off guard? Why are the emotions overwhelming or non-existent? Why do we struggle with concentration and exhaustion? Why do we lose interest in things that used to excite us?
Loss? We all experience it. So why does it catch us off guard? Why are the emotions overwhelming or non-existent? Why do we struggle with concentration and exhaustion? Why do we lose interest in things that used to excite us?
(714) 489-5918 View (714) 489-5918
Elisabeth Netjes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Let’s face it—today’s world can feel like trying to navigate the increasingly complicated system at Disneyland that used to feel so easy but now feels impossibly exclusive. We live and work in broken and complicated systems. Whether you seek clinical supervision, career coaching, an educator for your group, or personal therapy, I have a holistic approach to help you not only understand what you're going through, but to navigate it with more clarity and confidence. Together, we’ll explore the root of your challenges and develop practical strategies that will help you find your way to a place of flourishing—no special app required!
Let’s face it—today’s world can feel like trying to navigate the increasingly complicated system at Disneyland that used to feel so easy but now feels impossibly exclusive. We live and work in broken and complicated systems. Whether you seek clinical supervision, career coaching, an educator for your group, or personal therapy, I have a holistic approach to help you not only understand what you're going through, but to navigate it with more clarity and confidence. Together, we’ll explore the root of your challenges and develop practical strategies that will help you find your way to a place of flourishing—no special app required!
(510) 650-0710 View (510) 650-0710
Tyler Thanh Tran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal clients are individuals who often feel weighed down by high anxiety, persistent self-doubt, overwhelming intrusive thoughts, or the painful weight of depression. They may feel stuck in cycles of overthinking, struggling to navigate relationship dynamics, or finding it difficult to stay anchored when life throws major transitions their way. What brings them to my practice is a desire for meaningful, lasting change. They aren't looking for quick fixes or generic, assembly-line advice—they are seeking a collaborative partner who will truly take the time to learn who they are as a unique individual.
My ideal clients are individuals who often feel weighed down by high anxiety, persistent self-doubt, overwhelming intrusive thoughts, or the painful weight of depression. They may feel stuck in cycles of overthinking, struggling to navigate relationship dynamics, or finding it difficult to stay anchored when life throws major transitions their way. What brings them to my practice is a desire for meaningful, lasting change. They aren't looking for quick fixes or generic, assembly-line advice—they are seeking a collaborative partner who will truly take the time to learn who they are as a unique individual.
(949) 506-3649 View (949) 506-3649

More Therapists Nearby

Leonard Szymczak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACSW
1 Endorsed
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
For more than 40 years, I've helped individuals and couples in Australia and the United States create healthier, more fulfilling lives. My career has included serving as Director of the Family Therapy Program in Sydney and working with the Family Institute at Northwestern University. As both a therapist and an author, I see you as the main character in your life story. Every meaningful story includes adversity. My goal is to help you identify the old scripts that keep you stuck in anxiety, depression, or relationship conflict and rewrite them to create resilience, healthier relationships, personal growth, and lasting change.
For more than 40 years, I've helped individuals and couples in Australia and the United States create healthier, more fulfilling lives. My career has included serving as Director of the Family Therapy Program in Sydney and working with the Family Institute at Northwestern University. As both a therapist and an author, I see you as the main character in your life story. Every meaningful story includes adversity. My goal is to help you identify the old scripts that keep you stuck in anxiety, depression, or relationship conflict and rewrite them to create resilience, healthier relationships, personal growth, and lasting change.
(949) 625-6704 View (949) 625-6704
Brock M Tuller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
We all carry unique burdens of the mind, pains of our history, and cultural programming. It is true that we all experience suffering in one form or another as a natural part of life. It is also true that this suffering can be transformed and transcended. Through this transformation it is possible to experience a more connected relationship with the world within and around us. I am open to serve those experiencing PTSD, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and spiritual confusion. I am also open to serving those interested in cultivating meditation and other spiritual practices, and generally enhancing quality of life.
We all carry unique burdens of the mind, pains of our history, and cultural programming. It is true that we all experience suffering in one form or another as a natural part of life. It is also true that this suffering can be transformed and transcended. Through this transformation it is possible to experience a more connected relationship with the world within and around us. I am open to serve those experiencing PTSD, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and spiritual confusion. I am also open to serving those interested in cultivating meditation and other spiritual practices, and generally enhancing quality of life.
(760) 253-1650 View (760) 253-1650
Rose Lobato
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Now accepting new clients! Perhaps you identify as an "over-thinker" or "over-feeler," or perhaps you've discovered the world of neurodiverency on social media and started to feel seen for the first time in your life! Furthermore, you may have experienced judgement or ridicule by parents, peer groups, or even from yourself. If any of this is resonating, then I believe I would be an awesome fit for you. In our work together, I will listen with an open mind, see you for who you really are, and help you to see yourself with love and acceptance. This work can lead to deep healing, within yourself and in your relationships with others.
Now accepting new clients! Perhaps you identify as an "over-thinker" or "over-feeler," or perhaps you've discovered the world of neurodiverency on social media and started to feel seen for the first time in your life! Furthermore, you may have experienced judgement or ridicule by parents, peer groups, or even from yourself. If any of this is resonating, then I believe I would be an awesome fit for you. In our work together, I will listen with an open mind, see you for who you really are, and help you to see yourself with love and acceptance. This work can lead to deep healing, within yourself and in your relationships with others.
(951) 401-6712 View (951) 401-6712
Karen Derman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
My name is Karen Derman, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. (LMFT) Is your child or teen struggling at home, in school, or in their relationships with others? Does your young adult have difficulty getting and keeping jobs? I can help! I teach parents how they can help their child, teen or young adult thrive. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each parent, child, teen, and young adult. I most frequently use relationship therapy to build trust and strengthen the parent-child-parent bond. I also use family therapy to facilitate communication.
My name is Karen Derman, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. (LMFT) Is your child or teen struggling at home, in school, or in their relationships with others? Does your young adult have difficulty getting and keeping jobs? I can help! I teach parents how they can help their child, teen or young adult thrive. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each parent, child, teen, and young adult. I most frequently use relationship therapy to build trust and strengthen the parent-child-parent bond. I also use family therapy to facilitate communication.
(619) 567-1847 View (619) 567-1847
Sophie Burgis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
4 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90804
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Olive Leaf Family Therapy, I specialize in working with attachment wounds, complex trauma, and the coping strategies we had to adopt to survive them. I have advanced training in Attachment-Focused EMDR, suicide prevention, and trauma-focused care. Together, we’ll make sense of symptoms like anxiety or anger, untangle stuck patterns, and challenge inherited beliefs that no longer align with who you are. Together, we focus on understanding your experiences and facilitating growth for lasting change.
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Olive Leaf Family Therapy, I specialize in working with attachment wounds, complex trauma, and the coping strategies we had to adopt to survive them. I have advanced training in Attachment-Focused EMDR, suicide prevention, and trauma-focused care. Together, we’ll make sense of symptoms like anxiety or anger, untangle stuck patterns, and challenge inherited beliefs that no longer align with who you are. Together, we focus on understanding your experiences and facilitating growth for lasting change.
(562) 525-5695 View (562) 525-5695
Edgar J Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I specialize in helping clients navigate anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, motivation, relationships, family challenges, and major life transitions. My style is warm, direct, and down-to-earth, with the belief that clients should feel genuinely heard while also being supported and challenged to grow. I draw from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, strengths-based approaches, and behavioral interventions based on each client’s individual needs. My goal is to create a space where you can be yourself, build practical skills, recognize your strengths, and move toward the life you want.
I specialize in helping clients navigate anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, motivation, relationships, family challenges, and major life transitions. My style is warm, direct, and down-to-earth, with the belief that clients should feel genuinely heard while also being supported and challenged to grow. I draw from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, strengths-based approaches, and behavioral interventions based on each client’s individual needs. My goal is to create a space where you can be yourself, build practical skills, recognize your strengths, and move toward the life you want.
(925) 261-4354 View (925) 261-4354
Shaleise Collier
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Newport Beach, CA 92660
I specialize in children, teens, or adults navigating ADHD, anxiety, OCD, mood challenges, or life transitions. They may struggle with focus, emotional regulation, procrastination, or behaviors that affect school, work, or relationships. Often, they want to better understand themselves - whether their struggles stem from anxiety, attention difficulties, executive dysfunction, or a mix of concerns - and may seek a neuroscientific explanation for their challenges. Their goals extend beyond symptom relief to building practical skills, healthier habits, and lasting change through evidence-based, collaborative, and actionable strategies.
I specialize in children, teens, or adults navigating ADHD, anxiety, OCD, mood challenges, or life transitions. They may struggle with focus, emotional regulation, procrastination, or behaviors that affect school, work, or relationships. Often, they want to better understand themselves - whether their struggles stem from anxiety, attention difficulties, executive dysfunction, or a mix of concerns - and may seek a neuroscientific explanation for their challenges. Their goals extend beyond symptom relief to building practical skills, healthier habits, and lasting change through evidence-based, collaborative, and actionable strategies.
(424) 459-7483 View (424) 459-7483
Dr. Richard Haddock
Psychologist, PsyD
Irvine, CA 92604
Dr. Haddock believes that the therapeutic relationship is the epicenter for the work done in therapy and he approaches therapy with an authentic and genuine stance. Dr. Haddock also likes to inject humor into his therapy as appropriate, which clients have said they appreciate. He has a wide variety of experience working with clients from various cultures, backgrounds, and age groups. Dr. Haddock utilizes an integrative approach to therapy drawing on a variety of modalities depending on clients’ needs, including cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, stress-management, mindfulness-based, and motivational approaches.Dr. Haddock believes th
Dr. Haddock believes that the therapeutic relationship is the epicenter for the work done in therapy and he approaches therapy with an authentic and genuine stance. Dr. Haddock also likes to inject humor into his therapy as appropriate, which clients have said they appreciate. He has a wide variety of experience working with clients from various cultures, backgrounds, and age groups. Dr. Haddock utilizes an integrative approach to therapy drawing on a variety of modalities depending on clients’ needs, including cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, stress-management, mindfulness-based, and motivational approaches.Dr. Haddock believes th
(949) 899-6295 View (949) 899-6295
Marc Bruderer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, MBA, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Are you stuck? Are you ready to work through what’s holding you back? Whether it’s anxiety, depression, past trauma, grief, family dysfunction, relationship issues, loneliness, life transitions, low self-esteem, shame, aging, parenting challenges, divorce, or stress, I’m here to help. My clients seek more than just symptom relief—they want emotional insight, stronger relationships, and meaningful change. With advanced clinical training and a lifetime of lived experience, I offer a personalized approach that integrates evidence-based therapy with individual and couples counseling to support your mental health and personal growth.
Are you stuck? Are you ready to work through what’s holding you back? Whether it’s anxiety, depression, past trauma, grief, family dysfunction, relationship issues, loneliness, life transitions, low self-esteem, shame, aging, parenting challenges, divorce, or stress, I’m here to help. My clients seek more than just symptom relief—they want emotional insight, stronger relationships, and meaningful change. With advanced clinical training and a lifetime of lived experience, I offer a personalized approach that integrates evidence-based therapy with individual and couples counseling to support your mental health and personal growth.
(949) 298-2963 View (949) 298-2963
Connie Lee Wax
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
I specialize in working with gifted and talented children, teens, and adults navigating the unique complexities of a high-potential mind. Often, they come to my practice feeling overwhelmed by the weight of expectations, perfectionism, or intense "big feelings." Parents often reach out seeking guidance on how to raise emotionally healthy, resilient youth in a high-pressure world. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or a lack of motivation, I provide a compassionate space to build self-esteem and authentic confidence.
I specialize in working with gifted and talented children, teens, and adults navigating the unique complexities of a high-potential mind. Often, they come to my practice feeling overwhelmed by the weight of expectations, perfectionism, or intense "big feelings." Parents often reach out seeking guidance on how to raise emotionally healthy, resilient youth in a high-pressure world. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or a lack of motivation, I provide a compassionate space to build self-esteem and authentic confidence.
(562) 784-4628 View (562) 784-4628
Benjamin S. Edwards
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Let's go on an exploration that will lead to lasting and tangible positive change. It takes a lot of courage to do this, but it is often in the discomfort that we grow. I encourage you to call me for a free consultation and ask any questions you have about me or the therapy. I will want to know about your goals and what you are hoping for in a therapeutic relationship. My approach is eclectic, highlighted by depth psychology and systems thinking. I believe in a holistic and non-linear view of life that endorses compassion, curiosity, and also getting out of our comfort zones. Once there is trust between us, I will lovingly push you.
Let's go on an exploration that will lead to lasting and tangible positive change. It takes a lot of courage to do this, but it is often in the discomfort that we grow. I encourage you to call me for a free consultation and ask any questions you have about me or the therapy. I will want to know about your goals and what you are hoping for in a therapeutic relationship. My approach is eclectic, highlighted by depth psychology and systems thinking. I believe in a holistic and non-linear view of life that endorses compassion, curiosity, and also getting out of our comfort zones. Once there is trust between us, I will lovingly push you.
(424) 300-8503 View (424) 300-8503
Sylvia Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NPT-C, Blingüe
2 Endorsed
Tustin, CA 92780
Are you experiencing a life situation that requires extra support and guidance? Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you long for a deeper connection, intimacy and understanding from your partner? As a trained psychotherapist, I specialize in individual, couples and family therapy. Allow me to help you find solutions and discover the right path in life. I utilize a diverse approach to address your individual needs. Together, we will work at achieving your goals.
Are you experiencing a life situation that requires extra support and guidance? Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you long for a deeper connection, intimacy and understanding from your partner? As a trained psychotherapist, I specialize in individual, couples and family therapy. Allow me to help you find solutions and discover the right path in life. I utilize a diverse approach to address your individual needs. Together, we will work at achieving your goals.
(714) 942-0574 View (714) 942-0574
Shoghair Mgrditchian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
We offer personalized support tailored to address a range of mental health concerns. Whether dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, or ADHD, our goal is to guide you toward greater self-awareness, resilience, and overall wellbeing. We also specialize in trauma/PTSD, anger management, issues related to divorce and domestic abuse, life coaching for personal development, relationship issues, and parenting challenges. We also treat adolescents, offering a safe and understanding space for them to navigate their unique challenges, including identity development, academic stress, and peer relationships.
We offer personalized support tailored to address a range of mental health concerns. Whether dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, or ADHD, our goal is to guide you toward greater self-awareness, resilience, and overall wellbeing. We also specialize in trauma/PTSD, anger management, issues related to divorce and domestic abuse, life coaching for personal development, relationship issues, and parenting challenges. We also treat adolescents, offering a safe and understanding space for them to navigate their unique challenges, including identity development, academic stress, and peer relationships.
(747) 223-6051 View (747) 223-6051
Amanda Wheeler Flotlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
From the outside, it may look like you have it all together, but privately you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, burned out, or stuck. Many of my clients are musicians, creative professionals, entertainment industry leaders, and other high-achieving adults navigating anxiety, ADHD, career transitions, burnout, relationship challenges, or eating disorders. Together, we'll create meaningful, sustainable change that aligns with your values and goals.
From the outside, it may look like you have it all together, but privately you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, burned out, or stuck. Many of my clients are musicians, creative professionals, entertainment industry leaders, and other high-achieving adults navigating anxiety, ADHD, career transitions, burnout, relationship challenges, or eating disorders. Together, we'll create meaningful, sustainable change that aligns with your values and goals.
(323) 745-1423 View (323) 745-1423
Charissa Kim Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Orange, CA 92866
I am driven to see individuals, couples, and families restore a fundamental sense of identity and safety, cultivate healthy relationships, and gain tools for lasting change and psychological health. I desire to come alongside each client in their journey with a posture of attunement, acceptance, pragmatism, truthfulness, partnership, and sensitivity to context. My approach is both attachment and trauma-informed. As a bi-cultural therapist, I am sensitive to the context of culture and race. My own upbringing and experience has also shaped a heart for pastors/ministry staff, families in ministry, and pastor’s kids.
I am driven to see individuals, couples, and families restore a fundamental sense of identity and safety, cultivate healthy relationships, and gain tools for lasting change and psychological health. I desire to come alongside each client in their journey with a posture of attunement, acceptance, pragmatism, truthfulness, partnership, and sensitivity to context. My approach is both attachment and trauma-informed. As a bi-cultural therapist, I am sensitive to the context of culture and race. My own upbringing and experience has also shaped a heart for pastors/ministry staff, families in ministry, and pastor’s kids.
(657) 214-8185 View (657) 214-8185
Dr. Ryan Pearce
Psychologist, PsyD
4 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92612
Are you stuck in a cycle of anxiety, chronic pain, or performance blocks — and tired of not knowing why? At Correnti Psychology, we start by helping you get answers. Dr. Ryan Pearce, PsyD uses a structured, three-step process — Discover, Practice, Achieve — that begins with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, moves into evidence-based therapy, and ends with practical tools you'll actually use.
Are you stuck in a cycle of anxiety, chronic pain, or performance blocks — and tired of not knowing why? At Correnti Psychology, we start by helping you get answers. Dr. Ryan Pearce, PsyD uses a structured, three-step process — Discover, Practice, Achieve — that begins with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, moves into evidence-based therapy, and ends with practical tools you'll actually use.
(949) 539-4155 View (949) 539-4155
Heather Y. Daniels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Upland, CA 91784
If traditional therapy is not for you, come and walk with me. I provide walk and talk and nature based therapy in and around Claremont as well as virtual sessions for clients who reside in California. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, parenting, and religious trauma while utilizing a cognitive behavioral approach along with meditation and mindfulness. I strongly believe in the mind-body connection and explore this with my clients. Therapy works best when the therapist and client work together toward client-driven goals and will provide a safe and supportive place for you to focus on yourself and your well-being.
If traditional therapy is not for you, come and walk with me. I provide walk and talk and nature based therapy in and around Claremont as well as virtual sessions for clients who reside in California. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, parenting, and religious trauma while utilizing a cognitive behavioral approach along with meditation and mindfulness. I strongly believe in the mind-body connection and explore this with my clients. Therapy works best when the therapist and client work together toward client-driven goals and will provide a safe and supportive place for you to focus on yourself and your well-being.
(562) 359-4331 View (562) 359-4331

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92857

< 10

Therapists in 92857 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Self Esteem
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Anthem

How Therapists in 92857 see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92857?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.