Therapists in 92704

Photo of Rocio Hurtado, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Rocio Hurtado
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92704
Hi, I’m Rocio. I believe therapy is a collaborative journey of returning to yourself—gently, honestly, and with room to breathe. My hope is to offer a warm, open space where you feel deeply seen and supported, especially when life feels heavy. I’m also passionate about helping couples find their way back to the love and strengths that anchor them, moving through misattunements with insight, compassion, and practical skills we practice together to rebuild connection.
Hi, I’m Rocio. I believe therapy is a collaborative journey of returning to yourself—gently, honestly, and with room to breathe. My hope is to offer a warm, open space where you feel deeply seen and supported, especially when life feels heavy. I’m also passionate about helping couples find their way back to the love and strengths that anchor them, moving through misattunements with insight, compassion, and practical skills we practice together to rebuild connection.
(657) 800-7017 View (657) 800-7017
Photo of Riane Speak, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Riane Speak
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Santa Ana, CA 92704
I love working with women of all ages. Particularly teens, young adults, and women experiencing infertility, loss, pregnancy, postpartum, and motherhood. My passion is walking alongside clients as they process their feelings, explore identity, and wrestle with questions of purpose and belonging in life’s hardest seasons. Together, we create space for wholeness and hope as we navigate the complexities of their current circumstances and move toward greater understanding and connection with themselves.
I love working with women of all ages. Particularly teens, young adults, and women experiencing infertility, loss, pregnancy, postpartum, and motherhood. My passion is walking alongside clients as they process their feelings, explore identity, and wrestle with questions of purpose and belonging in life’s hardest seasons. Together, we create space for wholeness and hope as we navigate the complexities of their current circumstances and move toward greater understanding and connection with themselves.
(657) 261-8373 View (657) 261-8373
Photo of Karla Ventura, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Karla Ventura
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Santa Ana, CA 92704
We each deserve an opportunity to heal, re-connect with our desires, passions and inner-self. As a bilingual therapist, I strive to empower, to provide a non-judgmental, safe, and affirming space. I have a passion for the integration of faith, religion and mental health, helping individuals dismantle embedded shame
We each deserve an opportunity to heal, re-connect with our desires, passions and inner-self. As a bilingual therapist, I strive to empower, to provide a non-judgmental, safe, and affirming space. I have a passion for the integration of faith, religion and mental health, helping individuals dismantle embedded shame
(657) 530-6213 View (657) 530-6213
Photo of Gabriel Meza Cardenas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gabriel Meza Cardenas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Santa Ana, CA 92704
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in supporting adults navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, personality disorders, and life transitions. I understand how overwhelming it can feel to face these difficulties, and my goal is to offer a safe, compassionate space where you can begin to find clarity and healing.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in supporting adults navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, personality disorders, and life transitions. I understand how overwhelming it can feel to face these difficulties, and my goal is to offer a safe, compassionate space where you can begin to find clarity and healing.
(657) 534-7165 View (657) 534-7165
Photo of Bri DiGuiseppi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Bri DiGuiseppi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Santa Ana, CA 92704
I believe in the innate potential of every individual to achieve personal growth and self understanding. I aim to create a space where clients feel seen, valued, and empowered to explore their thoughts and feelings at their own pace.
I believe in the innate potential of every individual to achieve personal growth and self understanding. I aim to create a space where clients feel seen, valued, and empowered to explore their thoughts and feelings at their own pace.
(657) 571-2120 View (657) 571-2120
Photo of Ross Fortier, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ross Fortier
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92704
Managing the demands of our lives can often be challenging, leaving us feeling disconnected or discouraged. At times, you may find yourself feeling the need for added support to help navigate the challenges of work, family, relationships, the traumas of the past, and our expectations for ourselves. My hope is to provide a safe environment, where we can work together to find healing, achieve your goals, and experience connection with others in your life.
Managing the demands of our lives can often be challenging, leaving us feeling disconnected or discouraged. At times, you may find yourself feeling the need for added support to help navigate the challenges of work, family, relationships, the traumas of the past, and our expectations for ourselves. My hope is to provide a safe environment, where we can work together to find healing, achieve your goals, and experience connection with others in your life.
(657) 571-1543 View (657) 571-1543
Photo of Marjorie Sturdy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marjorie Sturdy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
My name is Marjorie Sturdy, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing confidential telehealth and in-person therapy. I support individuals managing depression and anxiety while helping them heal from past traumas. I also assist clients in navigating relationship challenges, fostering healthier communication, and addressing unresolved emotional wounds. I lead with compassion, collaboration, and evidence-based treatment to help clients build resilience, find peace, and create meaningful change.
My name is Marjorie Sturdy, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing confidential telehealth and in-person therapy. I support individuals managing depression and anxiety while helping them heal from past traumas. I also assist clients in navigating relationship challenges, fostering healthier communication, and addressing unresolved emotional wounds. I lead with compassion, collaboration, and evidence-based treatment to help clients build resilience, find peace, and create meaningful change.
(714) 681-1431 View (714) 681-1431
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Serves Area
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(562) 662-7229 View (562) 662-7229
Photo of Claire Olson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
Claire Olson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Feeling scared, overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of who you are? Not sure who you are, how you fit in to this confusing world, or how you'll survive get these weird times? You’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself. As a therapist, I specialize in supporting LGBTQ+ and neurodivergent folks. I help with navigating a neurotypical world, identity exploration, complex trauma (CPTSD), life transitions, & more. Whether you're untangling childhood wounds, exploring your identity, or the feeling that the world that wasn’t built with you in mind, therapy can be a space to slow down, take a breath, and begin healing.
Feeling scared, overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of who you are? Not sure who you are, how you fit in to this confusing world, or how you'll survive get these weird times? You’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself. As a therapist, I specialize in supporting LGBTQ+ and neurodivergent folks. I help with navigating a neurotypical world, identity exploration, complex trauma (CPTSD), life transitions, & more. Whether you're untangling childhood wounds, exploring your identity, or the feeling that the world that wasn’t built with you in mind, therapy can be a space to slow down, take a breath, and begin healing.
(657) 567-3947 View (657) 567-3947
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Serves Area
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(949) 607-8758 View (949) 607-8758
Photo of Bryan Vasquez, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CATCIII
Bryan Vasquez
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CATCIII
Serves Area
Struggling with addiction & feel rehab isn’t an option? Want to adjust your relationship with a substance instead of being told you must quit? Leaving your family, job, school or responsibilities for an extended period of time is not always needed to get yourself healthy & on track. If you or a loved one are struggling with addiction, I know the challenges of this lifestyle. Being caught in the cycle of addiction is hard...feelings of anxiety, guilt, & shame. You may have tried cutting back or stopping on your own, only to find yourself engaging in the same unhelpful pattern. I specialize in moderation & abstinence based approaches.
Struggling with addiction & feel rehab isn’t an option? Want to adjust your relationship with a substance instead of being told you must quit? Leaving your family, job, school or responsibilities for an extended period of time is not always needed to get yourself healthy & on track. If you or a loved one are struggling with addiction, I know the challenges of this lifestyle. Being caught in the cycle of addiction is hard...feelings of anxiety, guilt, & shame. You may have tried cutting back or stopping on your own, only to find yourself engaging in the same unhelpful pattern. I specialize in moderation & abstinence based approaches.
(714) 793-0678 View (714) 793-0678
Photo of April Lopez, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, APCC
April Lopez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, APCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, emotionally drained, or stuck whether you’re navigating anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, trauma, grief, life transitions, or ongoing stress. You may also be worried about immigration status, your own or that of a loved one. You might be juggling work, family, identity, or cultural expectations while trying to hold everything together, and longing for a space where you can finally pause and talk openly without judgment.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, emotionally drained, or stuck whether you’re navigating anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, trauma, grief, life transitions, or ongoing stress. You may also be worried about immigration status, your own or that of a loved one. You might be juggling work, family, identity, or cultural expectations while trying to hold everything together, and longing for a space where you can finally pause and talk openly without judgment.
(714) 733-2309 View (714) 733-2309
Photo of Andrea Godoy-Orantes, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Andrea Godoy-Orantes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Are you wanting to be heard, understood, and validated by a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and bilingual professional experienced at working with Latino, Hispanic, & American cultures? Look no further. I am here for you and dedicated to helping individuals overcome traumas and obstacles, build upon their strengths, and create a sense of safety. We can work on your goals together in English or in Spanish.
Are you wanting to be heard, understood, and validated by a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and bilingual professional experienced at working with Latino, Hispanic, & American cultures? Look no further. I am here for you and dedicated to helping individuals overcome traumas and obstacles, build upon their strengths, and create a sense of safety. We can work on your goals together in English or in Spanish.
(657) 214-7238 View (657) 214-7238
Photo of Arely Cholula, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Arely Cholula
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who wants to help you use your undiscovered strengths and natural resilience to reconnect with your dreams, hopes, and goals. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, self-esteem, life transitions, or cultural identity issues, my practice is equipped to guide you through your journey with compassion and expertise. My commitment is to create a supportive, non-judgemental, space that allows clients to explore their identities, heal from their past and build a hopeful future.
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who wants to help you use your undiscovered strengths and natural resilience to reconnect with your dreams, hopes, and goals. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, self-esteem, life transitions, or cultural identity issues, my practice is equipped to guide you through your journey with compassion and expertise. My commitment is to create a supportive, non-judgemental, space that allows clients to explore their identities, heal from their past and build a hopeful future.
(657) 837-3352 View (657) 837-3352
Photo of Edith Ortiz Salgado, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
Edith Ortiz Salgado
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
8 Endorsed
Serves Area
I bring a deep understanding and empathy for marginalized communities, rooted in my personal and professional experiences. My mission is to provide a compassionate, non-judgmental safe space where clients feel empowered to explore, heal, and grow. I specialize in tailoring therapeutic approaches to each client’s unique journey, helping them build meaningful, life-long skills for personal growth and resilience.
I bring a deep understanding and empathy for marginalized communities, rooted in my personal and professional experiences. My mission is to provide a compassionate, non-judgmental safe space where clients feel empowered to explore, heal, and grow. I specialize in tailoring therapeutic approaches to each client’s unique journey, helping them build meaningful, life-long skills for personal growth and resilience.
(949) 694-8705 View (949) 694-8705
Photo of Bernard Karmatz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PI
Bernard Karmatz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PI
Serves Area
All new Clients are welcome to explore many concerns that everyone may encounter in life. Through regular sessions and EAP interventions, I enjoy working with adults, children and college students. In my practice I have facilitated hospital inpatient and partial program/ day treatment placements when necessary. I have created a 'personal pacing' approach that allows Clients to explore their concerns in a safe environment. Clients benefit from my decades of expert work treating many conditions. Therapy is contoured to the individual needs of each Client. I advocate to begin the journey of awareness to create positive change.
All new Clients are welcome to explore many concerns that everyone may encounter in life. Through regular sessions and EAP interventions, I enjoy working with adults, children and college students. In my practice I have facilitated hospital inpatient and partial program/ day treatment placements when necessary. I have created a 'personal pacing' approach that allows Clients to explore their concerns in a safe environment. Clients benefit from my decades of expert work treating many conditions. Therapy is contoured to the individual needs of each Client. I advocate to begin the journey of awareness to create positive change.
(626) 329-4808 View (626) 329-4808
Photo of Joseph Edward Marquez, Psychologist, PhD
Joseph Edward Marquez
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. My training has allowed me to develop a caring and collaborative approach to interventions and has exposed me to some of the most cutting-edge research-informed practices. I truly enjoy bringing the best of people back into their lives regardless of their age, identity, and cultural background.
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. My training has allowed me to develop a caring and collaborative approach to interventions and has exposed me to some of the most cutting-edge research-informed practices. I truly enjoy bringing the best of people back into their lives regardless of their age, identity, and cultural background.
(714) 786-3758 View (714) 786-3758
Photo of Kimberly Morgan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kimberly Morgan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Kimberly Morgan, (she/her) MA, LMFT is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in working with anxiety, depression, couples, adolescents and parents, families, groups and athletes. She completed her MA in clinical psychology with a specialty in Applied Community Psychology at Antioch University, Los Angeles. Kimberly has worked in community mental health care and intensive outpatient settings with clients experiencing homeless, mental health issues and substance use disorders. She specializes in healing from loss and grief, and using strengths to process and heal from trauma.
Kimberly Morgan, (she/her) MA, LMFT is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in working with anxiety, depression, couples, adolescents and parents, families, groups and athletes. She completed her MA in clinical psychology with a specialty in Applied Community Psychology at Antioch University, Los Angeles. Kimberly has worked in community mental health care and intensive outpatient settings with clients experiencing homeless, mental health issues and substance use disorders. She specializes in healing from loss and grief, and using strengths to process and heal from trauma.
(949) 942-8754 View (949) 942-8754
Photo of Katie Moore - Affirming Psychological Services, Psychologist, PsyD
Affirming Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
The clinicians at Affirming Psychological Services are highly experienced in treating trauma, anxiety, and depression. All of our clinicians are also trained in treating the needs of the LGBT+ community, and many of our clinicians have lived experience as part of this community. We are conveniently located in Irvine, CA, and can provide both in person and telehealth services for you and your loved ones. We provide individual, couples, and family therapy as well as psychological testing and diagnostic clarification services. We provide a safe, comforting environment and expert therapists to help you meet your therapeutic goals.
The clinicians at Affirming Psychological Services are highly experienced in treating trauma, anxiety, and depression. All of our clinicians are also trained in treating the needs of the LGBT+ community, and many of our clinicians have lived experience as part of this community. We are conveniently located in Irvine, CA, and can provide both in person and telehealth services for you and your loved ones. We provide individual, couples, and family therapy as well as psychological testing and diagnostic clarification services. We provide a safe, comforting environment and expert therapists to help you meet your therapeutic goals.
(949) 528-4336 View (949) 528-4336
Photo of Arianna Vasquez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Arianna Vasquez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Serves Area
Life can feel heavy, confusing, or overwhelming — especially when you’ve been carrying things on your own for a long time. You may feel unsure how to manage your emotions, stuck in patterns that no longer serve you, or exhausted from trying to hold everything together. If any part of this resonates, you’re not alone. You don’t have to navigate it by yourself.I work with adults, teens, couples, parents, and women who are navigating trauma, anxiety, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. I support individuals experiencing PTSD, perinatal mental health concerns, self-esteem challenges, identity exploration, and LGBTQ+.
Life can feel heavy, confusing, or overwhelming — especially when you’ve been carrying things on your own for a long time. You may feel unsure how to manage your emotions, stuck in patterns that no longer serve you, or exhausted from trying to hold everything together. If any part of this resonates, you’re not alone. You don’t have to navigate it by yourself.I work with adults, teens, couples, parents, and women who are navigating trauma, anxiety, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. I support individuals experiencing PTSD, perinatal mental health concerns, self-esteem challenges, identity exploration, and LGBTQ+.
(714) 364-0564 View (714) 364-0564

See more therapy options for 92704

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92704

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 92704 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Stress
64% Relationship Issues
59% Family Conflict
57% Grief
57% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% Aetna
86% Cigna and Evernorth
82% Anthem

How Therapists in 92704 see their clients

72% Online Only
28% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

74% Female
23% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92704?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.