Therapists in 92501

Photo of Mary Wyman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Mary Wyman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
Mary Lukens Wyman, LCSW, helps individuals in California navigate life’s challenges with warmth, compassion, and clinical expertise. She provides a safe and collaborative environment for adults and teens to explore their emotions, develop coping skills, and create meaningful change. Mary works with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and life transitions, offering evidence-based strategies to help them regain balance, improve emotional well-being, and enhance daily functioning.
Mary Lukens Wyman, LCSW, helps individuals in California navigate life’s challenges with warmth, compassion, and clinical expertise. She provides a safe and collaborative environment for adults and teens to explore their emotions, develop coping skills, and create meaningful change. Mary works with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and life transitions, offering evidence-based strategies to help them regain balance, improve emotional well-being, and enhance daily functioning.
(951) 432-5796 View (951) 432-5796
Photo of Mariah D Kaffka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mariah D Kaffka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
In-person sessions available in Riverside, CA. until August 2026 (when the practice closes). Please keep that in mind when considering your needs. I believe ALL individuals within their environment can be empowered and create positive, meaningful experiences. Essentially, YOU are the expert on your own life journey and can practice wellness with connection of mind, body and spirit. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I affirm the idea of person in environment as a core value used during assessment and intervention. Thus, life is filled with interpersonal transactions that affect how we perceive, feel, react, and interact.
In-person sessions available in Riverside, CA. until August 2026 (when the practice closes). Please keep that in mind when considering your needs. I believe ALL individuals within their environment can be empowered and create positive, meaningful experiences. Essentially, YOU are the expert on your own life journey and can practice wellness with connection of mind, body and spirit. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I affirm the idea of person in environment as a core value used during assessment and intervention. Thus, life is filled with interpersonal transactions that affect how we perceive, feel, react, and interact.
(909) 414-0456 View (909) 414-0456
Photo of Martin Carey, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Martin Carey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
Outside of work, Martin enjoys looking through telescopes at the night sky, teaching others to enjoy the stars, and playing the piano, especially Beethoven. He is also a writer for a Christian online blog.
Outside of work, Martin enjoys looking through telescopes at the night sky, teaching others to enjoy the stars, and playing the piano, especially Beethoven. He is also a writer for a Christian online blog.
(909) 280-7468 View (909) 280-7468
Photo of Paul B Velen, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMDR
Paul B Velen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92501
Find the core feelings and thoughts you were created to enjoy. This will leave you with the connections you were meant to have. Feeling comfortable in your own skin is our natural state. Join with me individually or as part of couple experience to get there. Specialties: Fully certified in EMDR Therapy, Fully trained in Emotionally Focused Couples Counseling. Working for over 30 years with survivors of physical and sexual abuse; LGBTQ+ aware; issues related to adjustment to health changes; resolving disturbance in relationships.
Find the core feelings and thoughts you were created to enjoy. This will leave you with the connections you were meant to have. Feeling comfortable in your own skin is our natural state. Join with me individually or as part of couple experience to get there. Specialties: Fully certified in EMDR Therapy, Fully trained in Emotionally Focused Couples Counseling. Working for over 30 years with survivors of physical and sexual abuse; LGBTQ+ aware; issues related to adjustment to health changes; resolving disturbance in relationships.
(951) 290-0760 View (951) 290-0760
Photo of Dr. Dexter Chia, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Dexter Chia
Psychologist, PsyD
Riverside, CA 92501
Dr. Dexter Chia is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2018. He has a Psy.D. from Loma Linda University, an M.A. from Pepperdine University, and a Bachelor’s from UC Santa Cruz. At the onset of therapy, Dr. Chia utilizes a humanistic approach to better understand and grow a bond with his clients. When they have developed a working relationship, Dr. Chia employs a cognitive-behavioral framework to collaboratively reflect and assess what to guide therapy toward. Outside of work, Dr. Chia likes hiking, traveling, trying new food, and watching movies/sports (basketball and football in particular).
Dr. Dexter Chia is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2018. He has a Psy.D. from Loma Linda University, an M.A. from Pepperdine University, and a Bachelor’s from UC Santa Cruz. At the onset of therapy, Dr. Chia utilizes a humanistic approach to better understand and grow a bond with his clients. When they have developed a working relationship, Dr. Chia employs a cognitive-behavioral framework to collaboratively reflect and assess what to guide therapy toward. Outside of work, Dr. Chia likes hiking, traveling, trying new food, and watching movies/sports (basketball and football in particular).
(951) 498-5420 View (951) 498-5420
Photo of Priscella Jaen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Priscella Jaen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
Priscella’s approach is rooted in tailoring treatment to meet each patient’s unique needs. She incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness practices to address a wide range of concerns. She also offers faith-based treatment for those who value spirituality as part of their healing journey. In addition to therapy, she provides support for issues like sleep disorders, gender identity exploration, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, while also offering care for military veterans and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
Priscella’s approach is rooted in tailoring treatment to meet each patient’s unique needs. She incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness practices to address a wide range of concerns. She also offers faith-based treatment for those who value spirituality as part of their healing journey. In addition to therapy, she provides support for issues like sleep disorders, gender identity exploration, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, while also offering care for military veterans and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
(855) 419-3254 View (855) 419-3254
Photo of Lydia Session, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lydia Session
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
If you're looking to make some change to the cognitive lens you've been equipped, you've found the right place. Congrats in taking the first step to growth! I'm Lydia, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist & mental health professional with over 11 years of clinical experience. Specialties in psychotherapy & behavior modifications for individuals, couples, first responders, or justice involved adults experiencing a spectrum of mental health needs. I’m passionate about improving awareness of mental health concepts and reducing stigmas. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals.
If you're looking to make some change to the cognitive lens you've been equipped, you've found the right place. Congrats in taking the first step to growth! I'm Lydia, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist & mental health professional with over 11 years of clinical experience. Specialties in psychotherapy & behavior modifications for individuals, couples, first responders, or justice involved adults experiencing a spectrum of mental health needs. I’m passionate about improving awareness of mental health concepts and reducing stigmas. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals.
(951) 633-0517 View (951) 633-0517
Photo of Anum Rathor, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Anum Rathor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
Anum Rathor, LMFT, provides compassionate and evidence-based mental health care to individuals across California. She creates a supportive, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their emotions, process challenges, and build effective coping strategies. Specializing in individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy, Anum tailors her approach to help clients manage anxiety, navigate life transitions, and heal from past trauma. Anum is especially passionate about treating PTSD and trauma, substance use disorders, and sleep disorders/insomnia.
Anum Rathor, LMFT, provides compassionate and evidence-based mental health care to individuals across California. She creates a supportive, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their emotions, process challenges, and build effective coping strategies. Specializing in individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy, Anum tailors her approach to help clients manage anxiety, navigate life transitions, and heal from past trauma. Anum is especially passionate about treating PTSD and trauma, substance use disorders, and sleep disorders/insomnia.
(951) 577-1274 View (951) 577-1274
Photo of Shana Ebanks-Butler, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
Shana Ebanks-Butler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
Shana Butler is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2011 with at least 10+ years of clinical, leadership, and community-based experience. Shana creates safe spaces for clients and elicits their strengths to assist them to become the best versions of themselves via the use of clinical strategies. Her goal is to empower each client from an individualized view and provide support in challenging times.
Shana Butler is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2011 with at least 10+ years of clinical, leadership, and community-based experience. Shana creates safe spaces for clients and elicits their strengths to assist them to become the best versions of themselves via the use of clinical strategies. Her goal is to empower each client from an individualized view and provide support in challenging times.
(909) 345-8683 View (909) 345-8683
Photo of Veronica Carpiogomez, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Veronica Carpiogomez
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Riverside, CA 92501
I support clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and relationship challenges across the lifespan. I provide a safe, compassionate, and culturally responsive space where clients can explore their experiences, process difficult emotions, and build practical coping skills. Together, we work to strengthen resilience, improve relationships, and foster personal growth, empowering clients to create meaningful, lasting change in their lives while honoring their unique strengths and cultural background.
I support clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and relationship challenges across the lifespan. I provide a safe, compassionate, and culturally responsive space where clients can explore their experiences, process difficult emotions, and build practical coping skills. Together, we work to strengthen resilience, improve relationships, and foster personal growth, empowering clients to create meaningful, lasting change in their lives while honoring their unique strengths and cultural background.
(909) 265-4984 View (909) 265-4984
Labiba Radwan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
Labiba works with individuals to promote wellness and teach new courses of thought and actions to help deal with life’s challenges and lead to more positive outcomes. Outside of work, Labiba loves road trips with family, traveling overseas, and visiting historical sites. She enjoys cooking and listening to Flamingo and other ethnic musical genres.
Labiba works with individuals to promote wellness and teach new courses of thought and actions to help deal with life’s challenges and lead to more positive outcomes. Outside of work, Labiba loves road trips with family, traveling overseas, and visiting historical sites. She enjoys cooking and listening to Flamingo and other ethnic musical genres.
(951) 319-2108 View (951) 319-2108
Photo of Dr. Timothy Castaneda, EdD, LEP
Dr. Timothy Castaneda
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92501
Are you concerned about your child’s education? Do you wonder if they have autism, ADHD, or other challenges impacting their learning? Are you yourself looking for support or accommodations in your education or career? You came to the right place. We at ACES Clinics provide expert educational assessments, psychological evaluations and diagnostic testing. We offer IEEs for parents who seek top-quality, unbiased second opinions for their child. Additionally, we provide IQ testing for twice-exceptional learners for school entry.
Are you concerned about your child’s education? Do you wonder if they have autism, ADHD, or other challenges impacting their learning? Are you yourself looking for support or accommodations in your education or career? You came to the right place. We at ACES Clinics provide expert educational assessments, psychological evaluations and diagnostic testing. We offer IEEs for parents who seek top-quality, unbiased second opinions for their child. Additionally, we provide IQ testing for twice-exceptional learners for school entry.
(951) 944-0345 View (951) 944-0345
Photo of Lisa Marie Dryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lisa Marie Dryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
If you are coming to see me, perhaps you need a nudge to make a change in your life. You will always be greeted with kindness without judgment. You probably know what you want to do, but you know you are not doing it and you can't figure out why. You may be a parent who is exhausted and forgotten who you wanted to be.. Or perhaps you stalled in college. Looking at your habits, positive and negative, we may consider how they are impacting the decisions you make and what you want to do with your life. Or perhaps I can help by pointing you to resources in our community that you never knew existed.
If you are coming to see me, perhaps you need a nudge to make a change in your life. You will always be greeted with kindness without judgment. You probably know what you want to do, but you know you are not doing it and you can't figure out why. You may be a parent who is exhausted and forgotten who you wanted to be.. Or perhaps you stalled in college. Looking at your habits, positive and negative, we may consider how they are impacting the decisions you make and what you want to do with your life. Or perhaps I can help by pointing you to resources in our community that you never knew existed.
(951) 404-0810 View (951) 404-0810
Photo of Dr. Mayra Zavalza, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Dr. Mayra Zavalza
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92501
As a bilingual, first-generation Latina therapist, I am passionate about serving underrepresented populations. My therapeutic style blends psychodynamic understanding with neuroscience-informed care, allowing clients to build insight, emotional regulation, and meaningful change.
As a bilingual, first-generation Latina therapist, I am passionate about serving underrepresented populations. My therapeutic style blends psychodynamic understanding with neuroscience-informed care, allowing clients to build insight, emotional regulation, and meaningful change.
(951) 554-0905 View (951) 554-0905
Photo of Dr. Cherisse Hunter-Southern, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, EdDCP, LPCC
Dr. Cherisse Hunter-Southern
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, EdDCP, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92501
Ever feel trapped in the feelings of being misunderstood, unseen, overwhelmed, anxiousness, guilt, shame, loneliness or uncertain about your future and the choices you should consider? Maybe need support regarding sexual abuse, sexual orientation, emotional abuse, feelings of abandonment? H.E.A.L.S. Inc reduces your mental ills to increase your healthy feels via culturally sensitive psychotherapeutic techniques and interventions curated to accommodate our clients’ healing journey.
Ever feel trapped in the feelings of being misunderstood, unseen, overwhelmed, anxiousness, guilt, shame, loneliness or uncertain about your future and the choices you should consider? Maybe need support regarding sexual abuse, sexual orientation, emotional abuse, feelings of abandonment? H.E.A.L.S. Inc reduces your mental ills to increase your healthy feels via culturally sensitive psychotherapeutic techniques and interventions curated to accommodate our clients’ healing journey.
(909) 341-4649 View (909) 341-4649
Photo of Gayla Huley, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Gayla Huley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
In addition to her expertise in individual and family therapy, Gayla has extensive experience addressing midlife and later-life transitions, postpartum depression and anxiety, and complex relationship dynamics. Her therapeutic practice also extends to specialized populations, including individuals navigating adoption or foster care, military and veteran communities, and LGBTQ+ clients. Gayla’s dedication to creating a culturally sensitive and inclusive environment ensures that clients feel seen, understood, and valued. Outside of her professional life, Gayla enjoys photography, finding joy in capturing life’s beautiful moments.
In addition to her expertise in individual and family therapy, Gayla has extensive experience addressing midlife and later-life transitions, postpartum depression and anxiety, and complex relationship dynamics. Her therapeutic practice also extends to specialized populations, including individuals navigating adoption or foster care, military and veteran communities, and LGBTQ+ clients. Gayla’s dedication to creating a culturally sensitive and inclusive environment ensures that clients feel seen, understood, and valued. Outside of her professional life, Gayla enjoys photography, finding joy in capturing life’s beautiful moments.
(951) 633-8866 View (951) 633-8866
Photo of Brittany Campbell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Brittany Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92501
Brittany believes that change, both positive or negative can present many challenges. Life’s trials do not have to be navigated alone. Reaching out for help can be tough, but it’s the first step towards self-improvement. Brittany's here to help with your next steps. Together, we can address your difficulties and work towards your goals in a collaborative way. Regardless of your background or current circumstances she strives to empower all clients with whom she works to resolve old wounds that hold them back, and experience more peaceful and fulfilling lives.
Brittany believes that change, both positive or negative can present many challenges. Life’s trials do not have to be navigated alone. Reaching out for help can be tough, but it’s the first step towards self-improvement. Brittany's here to help with your next steps. Together, we can address your difficulties and work towards your goals in a collaborative way. Regardless of your background or current circumstances she strives to empower all clients with whom she works to resolve old wounds that hold them back, and experience more peaceful and fulfilling lives.
(951) 355-7203 View (951) 355-7203
Photo of Nancy Alvarenga, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Nancy Alvarenga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Riverside, CA 92501
Nancy is a mental health therapist who has been practicing since 2010. She graduated from the University of Michigan with a Master of Social Work. Her areas of specialty include anxiety/depression, family relationships, life transitions, inter-generational trauma and trauma recovery. Nancy utilizes a strengths-based approach to help cultivate a safe space and draws upon a broad range of therapeutic interventions to support her clients on their journey of healing and self-empowerment.
Nancy is a mental health therapist who has been practicing since 2010. She graduated from the University of Michigan with a Master of Social Work. Her areas of specialty include anxiety/depression, family relationships, life transitions, inter-generational trauma and trauma recovery. Nancy utilizes a strengths-based approach to help cultivate a safe space and draws upon a broad range of therapeutic interventions to support her clients on their journey of healing and self-empowerment.
(951) 477-5420 View (951) 477-5420
Candida Osias
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
Candida is deeply passionate about helping clients work through grief, trauma, and women’s issues—areas that often require both sensitivity and strength. She understands how life changes, loss, and unresolved pain can affect mental and emotional well-being. By fostering self-awareness and resilience, Candida guides clients toward healing and personal growth, helping them rediscover hope and confidence. Her therapeutic approach integrates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), allowing her to tailor treatment to each person’s unique needs.
Candida is deeply passionate about helping clients work through grief, trauma, and women’s issues—areas that often require both sensitivity and strength. She understands how life changes, loss, and unresolved pain can affect mental and emotional well-being. By fostering self-awareness and resilience, Candida guides clients toward healing and personal growth, helping them rediscover hope and confidence. Her therapeutic approach integrates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), allowing her to tailor treatment to each person’s unique needs.
(951) 447-8317 View (951) 447-8317
Photo of Mayra Zavalza, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Mayra Zavalza
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Riverside, CA 92501
Mayra specializes in treating trauma and PTSD, particularly as it relates to childhood abuse, intimate partner violence, and family violence. Her work is deeply informed by the complexities of these experiences and the lasting impact they can have on a person's emotional and relational well-being. She works with clients to process their trauma safely and gradually, offering evidence-based interventions like Exposure Therapy and trauma-focused techniques that foster resilience, clarity, and a renewed sense of empowerment.
Mayra specializes in treating trauma and PTSD, particularly as it relates to childhood abuse, intimate partner violence, and family violence. Her work is deeply informed by the complexities of these experiences and the lasting impact they can have on a person's emotional and relational well-being. She works with clients to process their trauma safely and gradually, offering evidence-based interventions like Exposure Therapy and trauma-focused techniques that foster resilience, clarity, and a renewed sense of empowerment.
(951) 633-8825 View (951) 633-8825

See more therapy options for 92501

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92501

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 92501 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
61% Relationship Issues
60% Stress
57% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
73% Cigna and Evernorth
55% Optum

How Therapists in 92501 see their clients

64% Online Only
36% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92501?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.