Photo of Brianna Meacham, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Brianna Meacham
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Therapy is about exploring yourself and the way you interact with those around you to create opportunities for a greater experience in the world. This process of exploration allows you to develop an awareness of yourself, and of opportunities for growth and healing. My therapy style is eclectic, though I mostly utilize CBT, or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I believe you already have the power to be happy within you, and I will assist you in discovering that power. Therapy happens outside of the therapy room, between sessions, which means there might be homework. The catalyst for change is you!
Therapy is about exploring yourself and the way you interact with those around you to create opportunities for a greater experience in the world. This process of exploration allows you to develop an awareness of yourself, and of opportunities for growth and healing. My therapy style is eclectic, though I mostly utilize CBT, or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I believe you already have the power to be happy within you, and I will assist you in discovering that power. Therapy happens outside of the therapy room, between sessions, which means there might be homework. The catalyst for change is you!
(619) 648-2144 View (619) 648-2144
Photo of Sven Schild, PhD, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Sven Schild, PhD
Psychologist, PhD, SEP, TCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
I understand that everyone sometimes encounters obstacles in their lives that seem insurmountable. My goal is to create a therapeutic environment that allows each client to reach his or her full potential. I will work with you to address your symptoms and help you to rediscover your inner strengths to deal more effectively with your life's challenges and to guide you in the development of new life skills. I believe that each person is unique and therefore deserves an individual approach to therapy.
I understand that everyone sometimes encounters obstacles in their lives that seem insurmountable. My goal is to create a therapeutic environment that allows each client to reach his or her full potential. I will work with you to address your symptoms and help you to rediscover your inner strengths to deal more effectively with your life's challenges and to guide you in the development of new life skills. I believe that each person is unique and therefore deserves an individual approach to therapy.
(858) 367-3974 View (858) 367-3974
Photo of Dr. Ric Torres, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Dr. Ric Torres
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Hello! I'm a licensed counseling psychologist offering individual psychotherapy to California residents. I currently specialize in working with adults who seek help for relational problems, family issues, and life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, and stress.
Hello! I'm a licensed counseling psychologist offering individual psychotherapy to California residents. I currently specialize in working with adults who seek help for relational problems, family issues, and life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, and stress.
(619) 759-7964 View (619) 759-7964
Photo of Devoney Kodad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 92103, CA
Devoney Kodad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Are you ready to get control of your anxiety, create healthy daily habits & start really living your best life?! I love to support young women with: managing anxiety/stress, self acceptance & self love, feeling more confident, deconstructing unhealthy family relationships, healthy relationships, creating school/work/life balance and people pleasing. If you're on a journey of healing, learning to love yourself, feel healthier inside & out & create a life that feels authentic to you, I'd love to support you. All sessions are held online at this time.
Are you ready to get control of your anxiety, create healthy daily habits & start really living your best life?! I love to support young women with: managing anxiety/stress, self acceptance & self love, feeling more confident, deconstructing unhealthy family relationships, healthy relationships, creating school/work/life balance and people pleasing. If you're on a journey of healing, learning to love yourself, feel healthier inside & out & create a life that feels authentic to you, I'd love to support you. All sessions are held online at this time.
(619) 383-1622 View (619) 383-1622
Photo of Tess Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Tess Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Qualified to provide individual and family therapy. I have gained an in-depth understanding and passion for relational and family systems, trauma-informed care and experiential interventions. I am an empathic and insightful therapist with a talent for empowering clients towards positive growth. I have a successful history of achievement in academic, training and work experiences. Trained in assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning and providing psychotherapy to adults & adolescents with a wide variety of presenting problems including, depression, anxiety, trauma, dual diagnosis, self esteem, identity, relapse and addiction.
Qualified to provide individual and family therapy. I have gained an in-depth understanding and passion for relational and family systems, trauma-informed care and experiential interventions. I am an empathic and insightful therapist with a talent for empowering clients towards positive growth. I have a successful history of achievement in academic, training and work experiences. Trained in assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning and providing psychotherapy to adults & adolescents with a wide variety of presenting problems including, depression, anxiety, trauma, dual diagnosis, self esteem, identity, relapse and addiction.
(619) 431-4106 View (619) 431-4106
Photo of Courtney Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 92103, CA
Courtney Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Courtney Miller is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker offering behavioral health services to adults. She has over 11 years of experience as a social worker in home health, hospice, skilled nursing homes, hospitals, private practice, medical managed care and foster family agency settings. She treats a full list of problems; however; her specialties include anxiety disorders, stress disorders, trauma, depression, chronic pain/health, grief, trauma or abuse and career/school issues.She utilizes evidenced based practices such as: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Grief Therapy and
Courtney Miller is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker offering behavioral health services to adults. She has over 11 years of experience as a social worker in home health, hospice, skilled nursing homes, hospitals, private practice, medical managed care and foster family agency settings. She treats a full list of problems; however; her specialties include anxiety disorders, stress disorders, trauma, depression, chronic pain/health, grief, trauma or abuse and career/school issues.She utilizes evidenced based practices such as: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Grief Therapy and
(619) 762-2566 View (619) 762-2566
Photo of Kyleigh Baker, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Kyleigh Baker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
For 7 years, I've helped clients figure out their relationships. If you're like them, you're an adult who's been to therapy before, gained lots of insight about yourself, & are looking to go to the next level of satisfaction in your relationships. Maybe you want to figure out whether it's time to work on or leave a relationship. Despite the insight you have, maybe you want to do a deeper dive into inner child work because you still find yourself being attracted to the wrong people. If you want to find more satisfying relationships, romantic and otherwise, the compassionate nervous system-informed approach to therapy I use may help.
For 7 years, I've helped clients figure out their relationships. If you're like them, you're an adult who's been to therapy before, gained lots of insight about yourself, & are looking to go to the next level of satisfaction in your relationships. Maybe you want to figure out whether it's time to work on or leave a relationship. Despite the insight you have, maybe you want to do a deeper dive into inner child work because you still find yourself being attracted to the wrong people. If you want to find more satisfying relationships, romantic and otherwise, the compassionate nervous system-informed approach to therapy I use may help.
(619) 597-1993 View (619) 597-1993
Photo of Jocelyn Steer, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Jocelyn Steer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Are you feeling "blue" but not sure why? Do you find yourself thinking negatively about yourself and your life? Do you feel lonely or wonder why you don't have better relationships? Do you wish you could be more assertive and go after what you want? These are some of the issues I can help you with. I use a gentle, collaborative approach to psychotherapy, providing a safe place for you to talk about what is on your mind and to help you understand yourself better.
Are you feeling "blue" but not sure why? Do you find yourself thinking negatively about yourself and your life? Do you feel lonely or wonder why you don't have better relationships? Do you wish you could be more assertive and go after what you want? These are some of the issues I can help you with. I use a gentle, collaborative approach to psychotherapy, providing a safe place for you to talk about what is on your mind and to help you understand yourself better.
(619) 208-1760 View (619) 208-1760
Photo of Emilie Sfregola, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Emilie Sfregola
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Many people seek therapy because they feel stuck, they need help recognizing and removing the road blocks so they can create the lives and relationships they want. I work collaboratively with my clients to do just that, to help them better understand themselves and their struggles so they are free to build the lives they want.
Many people seek therapy because they feel stuck, they need help recognizing and removing the road blocks so they can create the lives and relationships they want. I work collaboratively with my clients to do just that, to help them better understand themselves and their struggles so they are free to build the lives they want.
(619) 754-9685 View (619) 754-9685
Photo of Caroline Ridout Stewart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 92103, CA
Caroline Ridout Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
I particularly enjoy working with individuals who are creative yet highly anxious and depressed. Innovators find an improved capacity to create with informed anxiety management. I am a harm reductionist who embraces the belief that addiction is a brain disease and not a character defect and that persons with addictive illness need more clinically-informed care. I support authenticity for both the client and the therapist, understanding that little can hurt us when we are at peace with the truth of our own stories.
I particularly enjoy working with individuals who are creative yet highly anxious and depressed. Innovators find an improved capacity to create with informed anxiety management. I am a harm reductionist who embraces the belief that addiction is a brain disease and not a character defect and that persons with addictive illness need more clinically-informed care. I support authenticity for both the client and the therapist, understanding that little can hurt us when we are at peace with the truth of our own stories.
(619) 207-4649 View (619) 207-4649
Photo of Shoshana Shea, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Shoshana Shea
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
I work collaboratively with clients to help them engage with the wisdom from within to move with purpose and meaning in their lives. I see a wide range of clients from diverse backgrounds, age ranges, and with various clinical issues. My focus is on helping people create more life balance, facilitate self-growth, and enhance self-esteem. I specialize in treating stress, anxiety, depression, weight, eating, body image, grief, trauma, high functioning autism, and in helping people through challenges related to relationship, academic, work, parenting, and life transitions.
I work collaboratively with clients to help them engage with the wisdom from within to move with purpose and meaning in their lives. I see a wide range of clients from diverse backgrounds, age ranges, and with various clinical issues. My focus is on helping people create more life balance, facilitate self-growth, and enhance self-esteem. I specialize in treating stress, anxiety, depression, weight, eating, body image, grief, trauma, high functioning autism, and in helping people through challenges related to relationship, academic, work, parenting, and life transitions.
(619) 940-1371 View (619) 940-1371
Photo of Mary Jordan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 92103, CA
Mary Jordan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Do you find yourself shut down or suppress your feelings? Do you struggle in relationships due to your trauma? Are you unsure of where you belong? I work with people of all identities to process unresolved feelings due to trauma. I strive to provide you a safe and non-judgmental space, in order for you to develop coping mechanisms for trauma symptoms (anxiety, depression, addiction, etc.) and to explore aspects of yourself. I can help you let go of Past HURTS and develop tools to find RELIEF.
Do you find yourself shut down or suppress your feelings? Do you struggle in relationships due to your trauma? Are you unsure of where you belong? I work with people of all identities to process unresolved feelings due to trauma. I strive to provide you a safe and non-judgmental space, in order for you to develop coping mechanisms for trauma symptoms (anxiety, depression, addiction, etc.) and to explore aspects of yourself. I can help you let go of Past HURTS and develop tools to find RELIEF.
(619) 340-0084 View (619) 340-0084
Photo of Dr. Carlos Alarid, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Dr. Carlos Alarid
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who have experienced traumatic events which they may need help overcoming. During my postdoctoral fellowship, I treated active military diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse by conducting both individual and group therapy. Working with active military, I learned how to gain the individual's trust and confidence to let me into their lives, providing a nonjudgmental space to process life's events. My research has concentrated on men's issues. My doctoral dissertation focused on professional boxers and how they adjusted to retirement once the fame and fortune was gone.
I work with individuals who have experienced traumatic events which they may need help overcoming. During my postdoctoral fellowship, I treated active military diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse by conducting both individual and group therapy. Working with active military, I learned how to gain the individual's trust and confidence to let me into their lives, providing a nonjudgmental space to process life's events. My research has concentrated on men's issues. My doctoral dissertation focused on professional boxers and how they adjusted to retirement once the fame and fortune was gone.
(323) 615-2780 View (323) 615-2780
Photo of Leslie A. Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 92103, CA
Leslie A. Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
I congratulate you on this, possibly your first step in your journey to personal health and healing. I know it's a daunting task, and I would be pleased to join you on this journey. Long before I became a psychotherapist, I was always the friend that people would turn to for advice and guidance. I guess maybe my humor and empathy made me an ideal confidante. I look forward to applying my innate sense of humor and my strong feelings of empathy, along with my professional training and experience to walk with you down your path.
I congratulate you on this, possibly your first step in your journey to personal health and healing. I know it's a daunting task, and I would be pleased to join you on this journey. Long before I became a psychotherapist, I was always the friend that people would turn to for advice and guidance. I guess maybe my humor and empathy made me an ideal confidante. I look forward to applying my innate sense of humor and my strong feelings of empathy, along with my professional training and experience to walk with you down your path.
(619) 330-8740 View (619) 330-8740
Photo of Mariya Kholodova, Psychologist in 92103, CA
Mariya Kholodova
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
If you are seeking psychotherapy to improve your self-esteem, process trauma, manage symptoms of anxiety or depression, process divorce or other loss, get a handle on your anger, improve your job performance, learn to be more assertive, or improve your relationships with others, I can help. In a warm and supportive environment we will work together to foster insight and build the skills needed to deal successfully with life's unpredictable stressors.
If you are seeking psychotherapy to improve your self-esteem, process trauma, manage symptoms of anxiety or depression, process divorce or other loss, get a handle on your anger, improve your job performance, learn to be more assertive, or improve your relationships with others, I can help. In a warm and supportive environment we will work together to foster insight and build the skills needed to deal successfully with life's unpredictable stressors.
(858) 914-2658 View (858) 914-2658
Photo of Tamara Sharifov, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 92103, CA
Tamara Sharifov
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
The therapeutic relationship is vital when embarking on this journey of opening and courageously facing some of our deepest pains. My process involves assisting you in locating your wisdom, and helping generate a life full of meaning and acceptance - while honoring your unique story. It also is important to respect and integrate the intersectionality of your identity during this process. I know how important feeling recognized, seen, and heard can be. Whether needing to process trauma, life-transitions, anxiety or depression, how to develop better boundaries, concerns regarding sexuality and gender, relationship concerns, and more.
The therapeutic relationship is vital when embarking on this journey of opening and courageously facing some of our deepest pains. My process involves assisting you in locating your wisdom, and helping generate a life full of meaning and acceptance - while honoring your unique story. It also is important to respect and integrate the intersectionality of your identity during this process. I know how important feeling recognized, seen, and heard can be. Whether needing to process trauma, life-transitions, anxiety or depression, how to develop better boundaries, concerns regarding sexuality and gender, relationship concerns, and more.
(760) 309-6306 View (760) 309-6306
Photo of Delhia Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Delhia Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
I have over a decade of experience working with adolescents and adults who often feel like they’re on the outside of life looking in, due to chronic depression, complex trauma and anxiety. You present as polished, are often high achieving, and tend to be the emotional center of your family and social circle, intensifying feelings of isolation your symptoms are already causing. And the people in your lives are often shocked, because you have been masking your symptoms so thoroughly and for so long that they have become almost like your personality. Your deep empathy often comes from a source of your own deep pain.
I have over a decade of experience working with adolescents and adults who often feel like they’re on the outside of life looking in, due to chronic depression, complex trauma and anxiety. You present as polished, are often high achieving, and tend to be the emotional center of your family and social circle, intensifying feelings of isolation your symptoms are already causing. And the people in your lives are often shocked, because you have been masking your symptoms so thoroughly and for so long that they have become almost like your personality. Your deep empathy often comes from a source of your own deep pain.
(619) 932-4753 View (619) 932-4753
Photo of Frank T Willey, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Frank T Willey
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Seeking relief from depression or anxiety in the midst of this COVID-19 crisis? Need to repair or rebuild a love relationship? Longing to leave behind the lingering impact of a trauma, loss, or chronic distress? Want to find new motivation and direction in your life? I am here to help.
Seeking relief from depression or anxiety in the midst of this COVID-19 crisis? Need to repair or rebuild a love relationship? Longing to leave behind the lingering impact of a trauma, loss, or chronic distress? Want to find new motivation and direction in your life? I am here to help.
(619) 489-6925 View (619) 489-6925
Photo of Marshall Huggins, Pre-Licensed Professional in 92103, CA
Marshall Huggins
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Hey there! I'm Marshall, and my areas of experience include 8+ years in mindfulness, ketamine therapy, psychedelic integration, nature-based therapy, and mental health treatment. My past work in rainforest conservation has also given me an understanding of eco-anxiety and grief. Are you struggling with a difficult transition, overwhelming stress or anxiety, relationship issues? Perhaps a lack of motivation, meaning, or direction, or just feeling stuck? Had a difficult or profound psychedelic journey? You don't have to walk the path alone. I'm here to support you in finding more balance, peace, and connection along the way.
Hey there! I'm Marshall, and my areas of experience include 8+ years in mindfulness, ketamine therapy, psychedelic integration, nature-based therapy, and mental health treatment. My past work in rainforest conservation has also given me an understanding of eco-anxiety and grief. Are you struggling with a difficult transition, overwhelming stress or anxiety, relationship issues? Perhaps a lack of motivation, meaning, or direction, or just feeling stuck? Had a difficult or profound psychedelic journey? You don't have to walk the path alone. I'm here to support you in finding more balance, peace, and connection along the way.
(760) 421-5809 View (760) 421-5809
Photo of Berenice Vazquez Badillo, Marriage & Family Therapist in 92103, CA
Berenice Vazquez Badillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Sometimes it becomes challenging managing the ebb and flow of life and we become isolated, stressed and overwhelmed. Our past wounds always seem to sneak up on us when we least expect. Life transitions can be difficult in that they take much adjustment and effort. There is such a pressing need to invest in yourself and in the building of healthy relationships. You need to spark the parts of yourself that harnests vitality and make life worth living. Investing in your mental health can reveal solutions as well as provide you skills that will last a lifetime. Whatever your need we can work together to find solutions.
Sometimes it becomes challenging managing the ebb and flow of life and we become isolated, stressed and overwhelmed. Our past wounds always seem to sneak up on us when we least expect. Life transitions can be difficult in that they take much adjustment and effort. There is such a pressing need to invest in yourself and in the building of healthy relationships. You need to spark the parts of yourself that harnests vitality and make life worth living. Investing in your mental health can reveal solutions as well as provide you skills that will last a lifetime. Whatever your need we can work together to find solutions.
(619) 340-0529 View (619) 340-0529

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92103

600+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in 92103 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Self Esteem
67% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
58% Cigna and Evernorth
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 92103 see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
25% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92103?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.