Photo of Tanya Dorocak, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Tanya Dorocak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Tanya Dorocak is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who has been practicing since 2006. Tanya works with individuals, children and families who wish to improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand her clients holistically, including their backgrounds and strengths they already possess, to provide an individualized approach to well-being. Tanya believes that our emotional connections in our interpersonal relationships is one of the most important aspects of our mental health, and she will strive to establish a strong alliance with her clients to create lasting changes.
Tanya Dorocak is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who has been practicing since 2006. Tanya works with individuals, children and families who wish to improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand her clients holistically, including their backgrounds and strengths they already possess, to provide an individualized approach to well-being. Tanya believes that our emotional connections in our interpersonal relationships is one of the most important aspects of our mental health, and she will strive to establish a strong alliance with her clients to create lasting changes.
(760) 463-9511 View (760) 463-9511
Photo of Janell Makaipo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
Janell Makaipo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Janell Makaipo is a licensed marriage and family therapist practicing for around 15 years. She has over 20 years of experience working with children in various settings such as school, residential and foster care. She graduated from Pepperdine University in Irvine, California.
Janell Makaipo is a licensed marriage and family therapist practicing for around 15 years. She has over 20 years of experience working with children in various settings such as school, residential and foster care. She graduated from Pepperdine University in Irvine, California.
(760) 273-3176 View (760) 273-3176
Photo of Melanie Dawson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Melanie Dawson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Melanie Dawson holds a Masters Degree in Counseling and received her Marriage and Family Therapy license in 1992. She has worked with couples, children, adolescents and adults in private practice, family service agencies and a public school district. Her clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, grief, adjustment, trauma, parenting, couples, women's issues and adolescent and young adult concerns. Melanie draws from a variety of therapeutic techniques and uses short term treatment planning with achievable goals, giving attention to deeper issues when appropriate.
Melanie Dawson holds a Masters Degree in Counseling and received her Marriage and Family Therapy license in 1992. She has worked with couples, children, adolescents and adults in private practice, family service agencies and a public school district. Her clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, grief, adjustment, trauma, parenting, couples, women's issues and adolescent and young adult concerns. Melanie draws from a variety of therapeutic techniques and uses short term treatment planning with achievable goals, giving attention to deeper issues when appropriate.
(760) 309-6537 View (760) 309-6537
Photo of Aly Howard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Aly Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Has anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or injuries ever prevented you from performing at your best? I am an athlete turned therapist who is passionate about helping other athletes navigate the world of overwhelming athletic expectations. As a previous collegiate athlete, I understand the unique challenges athletes face including: sports performance, anxiety, injury and recovery, training schedules, and post-sports transition. As a therapist, I understand how the body and mind are interconnected and impacts our mental health.
Has anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or injuries ever prevented you from performing at your best? I am an athlete turned therapist who is passionate about helping other athletes navigate the world of overwhelming athletic expectations. As a previous collegiate athlete, I understand the unique challenges athletes face including: sports performance, anxiety, injury and recovery, training schedules, and post-sports transition. As a therapist, I understand how the body and mind are interconnected and impacts our mental health.
(442) 244-9181 View (442) 244-9181
Photo of Nicole Horne - Facetyme Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Facetyme Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you feel stuck and find it difficult to move past deeply hurt feelings and inescapable sadness? Are you feeling unheard or misunderstood? Have you been irritable, frustrated, or avoidant of important tasks and increased feelings of overwhelm? You may be suffering from symptoms related to anxiety, PTSD, or trauma responses. You can live the life you deserve and I would love to be the therapist to help you. Type of Therapy: Interpersonal, Coaching, Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), Strength-Based, Solution Focused Brief (SFBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems, EMDR Trained Therapist.
Do you feel stuck and find it difficult to move past deeply hurt feelings and inescapable sadness? Are you feeling unheard or misunderstood? Have you been irritable, frustrated, or avoidant of important tasks and increased feelings of overwhelm? You may be suffering from symptoms related to anxiety, PTSD, or trauma responses. You can live the life you deserve and I would love to be the therapist to help you. Type of Therapy: Interpersonal, Coaching, Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), Strength-Based, Solution Focused Brief (SFBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems, EMDR Trained Therapist.
(951) 547-0024 View (951) 547-0024
Photo of Michelle Blevins, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Michelle Blevins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Marcos, CA 92069
Now Accepting In Office Clients! Are you having a difficult time navigating the changes that are taking place in your life? Do you need support when things are feeling overwhelming? Have you or your child recently lost a loved one? Then I am here for you. I understand that there are so many reasons that may prevent someone from starting therapy, but my goal is to make it as easy as possible for you to get your therapy journey started so that you can overcome your challenges now.
Now Accepting In Office Clients! Are you having a difficult time navigating the changes that are taking place in your life? Do you need support when things are feeling overwhelming? Have you or your child recently lost a loved one? Then I am here for you. I understand that there are so many reasons that may prevent someone from starting therapy, but my goal is to make it as easy as possible for you to get your therapy journey started so that you can overcome your challenges now.
(760) 971-4495 View (760) 971-4495
Photo of Marsi Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Marsi Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Marcos, CA 92069
Are you feeling overwhelmed with how to best care for your child and their needs? Are you ready to make a change in your child's life to help them learn the tools that they need to decrease their anxiety, manage their depression, process trauma, or work through their challenging behaviors? Then I am here to help.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with how to best care for your child and their needs? Are you ready to make a change in your child's life to help them learn the tools that they need to decrease their anxiety, manage their depression, process trauma, or work through their challenging behaviors? Then I am here to help.
(760) 496-5624 View (760) 496-5624
Photo of Kelli Larose, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Kelli Larose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a compassionate and dedicated therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where people can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. With over 20 years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. Life is hard. If you would like to learn how to achieve your goals, overcome the challenges that life has thrown at you, and desire to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life, then I am here to help you get started.
As a compassionate and dedicated therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where people can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. With over 20 years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. Life is hard. If you would like to learn how to achieve your goals, overcome the challenges that life has thrown at you, and desire to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life, then I am here to help you get started.
(442) 313-2615 View (442) 313-2615
Photo of Johanna Crespin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Johanna Crespin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm glad you're here! I understand how hard it can be to find help that feels safe and non-judgmental. As a therapist, I believe in the power of compassion, empathy, and understanding to foster positive change. At the heart of my work lies a deep commitment to creating a safe and affirming environment for all individuals. I specialize in supporting those who have experienced trauma and/or neurodivergence, recognizing the profound impact it can have on every aspect of life.
I'm glad you're here! I understand how hard it can be to find help that feels safe and non-judgmental. As a therapist, I believe in the power of compassion, empathy, and understanding to foster positive change. At the heart of my work lies a deep commitment to creating a safe and affirming environment for all individuals. I specialize in supporting those who have experienced trauma and/or neurodivergence, recognizing the profound impact it can have on every aspect of life.
(760) 800-0115 View (760) 800-0115
Photo of Natasha Edwina - Natasha Edwina Mind-Body Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Natasha Edwina Mind-Body Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
I'm Natasha Edwina, a mind-body health nut. I’m passionate about guiding you to feel healthy, vibrant, and authentically aligned in your life. I help you navigate relationships, recover from trauma (including narcissistic and emotional abuse), and address ADHD, anxiety, depression, female sexuality, intimacy issues, and self-worth. Many of you are also highly sensitive persons (HSPs), or going through spontaneous spiritual awakenings or kundalini awakenings that can look or feel like psychotic breaks. You need a seasoned guide who has successfully navigated this phenomena to discern the difference and support you through.
I'm Natasha Edwina, a mind-body health nut. I’m passionate about guiding you to feel healthy, vibrant, and authentically aligned in your life. I help you navigate relationships, recover from trauma (including narcissistic and emotional abuse), and address ADHD, anxiety, depression, female sexuality, intimacy issues, and self-worth. Many of you are also highly sensitive persons (HSPs), or going through spontaneous spiritual awakenings or kundalini awakenings that can look or feel like psychotic breaks. You need a seasoned guide who has successfully navigated this phenomena to discern the difference and support you through.
(858) 758-3152 View (858) 758-3152
Photo of Diva Clair, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Diva Clair
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Ms. Clair is a Marriage Family Therapist with over 20 years experience treating adults in various settings including private practice, hospitals, residential chemical dependency, trauma centers, and military bases. She is client centered and bases treatment on each person's unique needs. Catherine is known for her direct, authentic, and deeply empathic style. She offers a broad array of traditional approaches such as cognitive behavior therapy, family of origin work, 12-step informed recovery concepts, as well as support for relationship transitions, LGBTQ, and young adult issues.
Ms. Clair is a Marriage Family Therapist with over 20 years experience treating adults in various settings including private practice, hospitals, residential chemical dependency, trauma centers, and military bases. She is client centered and bases treatment on each person's unique needs. Catherine is known for her direct, authentic, and deeply empathic style. She offers a broad array of traditional approaches such as cognitive behavior therapy, family of origin work, 12-step informed recovery concepts, as well as support for relationship transitions, LGBTQ, and young adult issues.
(760) 478-5607 View (760) 478-5607
Photo of Consuelo Woodland, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Consuelo Woodland
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Consuelo Woodland is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who is bilingual in English/Spanish who has worked in the mental field with children, youth, adults, couples, families for more than 20 years. My passion to help others, personal experience, professional training has been a powerful tool supporting clients in reaching goals and enabling them to improve the quality of their lives, gain purpose and feel fulfilled. Consuelo's treatment approach is to focus in assisting clients to develop self-awareness, improve self-esteem, dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, addictions, attachment and relationship issues.
Consuelo Woodland is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who is bilingual in English/Spanish who has worked in the mental field with children, youth, adults, couples, families for more than 20 years. My passion to help others, personal experience, professional training has been a powerful tool supporting clients in reaching goals and enabling them to improve the quality of their lives, gain purpose and feel fulfilled. Consuelo's treatment approach is to focus in assisting clients to develop self-awareness, improve self-esteem, dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, addictions, attachment and relationship issues.
(760) 253-8192 View (760) 253-8192
Photo of Jennifer Koch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Koch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Jennifer Koch is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 1999. She earned her bachelor's degree in communication studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her master's degree in social work, with a concentration in children, youth, and families, from San Diego State University. Jennifer has extensive experience working with clients from a diverse range of cultural, religious, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Jennifer Koch is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 1999. She earned her bachelor's degree in communication studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her master's degree in social work, with a concentration in children, youth, and families, from San Diego State University. Jennifer has extensive experience working with clients from a diverse range of cultural, religious, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
(760) 823-7890 View (760) 823-7890
Photo of Lubna B Waraich, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lubna B Waraich
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Lubna B. Waraich is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2019. Lubna takes a clientcentered approach, emphasizing warmth, honesty, respect, and empowerment. She proudly adopts a bio/psycho/social/spiritual perspective, seeing all the parts that make a person whole. Lubna utilizes a wide range of modalities, stemming from Attachment Theory, CBT, Solution Focus, and Strength Base Therapy. She has worked with individuals who are struggling to understand their own Neurodiversity, anxiety, ADHD, depression, life changes/transitions, and trauma.
Lubna B. Waraich is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2019. Lubna takes a clientcentered approach, emphasizing warmth, honesty, respect, and empowerment. She proudly adopts a bio/psycho/social/spiritual perspective, seeing all the parts that make a person whole. Lubna utilizes a wide range of modalities, stemming from Attachment Theory, CBT, Solution Focus, and Strength Base Therapy. She has worked with individuals who are struggling to understand their own Neurodiversity, anxiety, ADHD, depression, life changes/transitions, and trauma.
(760) 227-5487 View (760) 227-5487
Photo of Jennifer Blum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Blum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Dr. Jennifer Blum, LCSW, provides compassionate and personalized mental health care to individuals across California. With expertise in treating children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, Jennifer helps clients navigate life s challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. She offers individual, couples, and group therapy, tailoring each approach to meet her clients unique needs while ensuring a safe and supportive therapeutic environment. Jennifer is particularly passionate about working with clients experiencing ADHD, PTSD/trauma, and childhood behavior issues.
Dr. Jennifer Blum, LCSW, provides compassionate and personalized mental health care to individuals across California. With expertise in treating children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, Jennifer helps clients navigate life s challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. She offers individual, couples, and group therapy, tailoring each approach to meet her clients unique needs while ensuring a safe and supportive therapeutic environment. Jennifer is particularly passionate about working with clients experiencing ADHD, PTSD/trauma, and childhood behavior issues.
(760) 316-6663 View (760) 316-6663
Emilia Ramirez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Dr. Emilia Ramirez is both from Texas and California, loves what she does and considers it her calling. She has worked in the field of social services for approximately 25 years and began her training as a therapist in 2015. Dr. Ramirez completed her Clinical Psychology doctorate in 2011 in Dallas, Texas. Prior to this, she obtained a Masters in Clinical Psychology in 2009 in Dallas Texas and graduated as a fourth-generation Longhorn from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2001, After completing graduate school, she moved back to California and is here to stay.
Dr. Emilia Ramirez is both from Texas and California, loves what she does and considers it her calling. She has worked in the field of social services for approximately 25 years and began her training as a therapist in 2015. Dr. Ramirez completed her Clinical Psychology doctorate in 2011 in Dallas, Texas. Prior to this, she obtained a Masters in Clinical Psychology in 2009 in Dallas Texas and graduated as a fourth-generation Longhorn from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2001, After completing graduate school, she moved back to California and is here to stay.
(760) 970-8658 View (760) 970-8658
Photo of Lenny Hughley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lenny Hughley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, my name is Lenny Hughley, California license 112845. I like to create a space that is warm and nonjudgmental where individuals can freely talk about whatever they choose. My specialties include depression, anxiety, and stress management. Through therapy, I learned how to manage depression, anger, anxiety, and overcome low self-esteem. Through my practice I find it rewarding to help clients do the same.
Hi, my name is Lenny Hughley, California license 112845. I like to create a space that is warm and nonjudgmental where individuals can freely talk about whatever they choose. My specialties include depression, anxiety, and stress management. Through therapy, I learned how to manage depression, anger, anxiety, and overcome low self-esteem. Through my practice I find it rewarding to help clients do the same.
(760) 527-2253 View (760) 527-2253
Photo of Taylor Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Taylor Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
Has life changed unexpectedly and left you questioning who you are and what direction you should go in? Was it the loss of a loved one? A work relocation? A realization that has made you question your goals? I am here to help my clients work through the challenging stages in their lives that they did not anticipate. I want to help you find your new direction, reduce anxiety, process trauma, and redefine yourself.
Has life changed unexpectedly and left you questioning who you are and what direction you should go in? Was it the loss of a loved one? A work relocation? A realization that has made you question your goals? I am here to help my clients work through the challenging stages in their lives that they did not anticipate. I want to help you find your new direction, reduce anxiety, process trauma, and redefine yourself.
(760) 973-2810 View (760) 973-2810
Photo of Ashley Azin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Ashley Azin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Marcos, CA 92069
You are here because you are hurting and want to heal. Healing is possible and you deserve love and acceptance for just being you- your full authentic self. I have been treating anxiety, depression, identity, codependency, eating disorders, low self esteem and relationships issues in children, teens and adults since 2007. My therapeutic style is often more directive, as I see myself as a part of your therapeutic process-not a quiet observer. I use a balance of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and exploring how your childhood shaped your current thoughts and behaviors.
You are here because you are hurting and want to heal. Healing is possible and you deserve love and acceptance for just being you- your full authentic self. I have been treating anxiety, depression, identity, codependency, eating disorders, low self esteem and relationships issues in children, teens and adults since 2007. My therapeutic style is often more directive, as I see myself as a part of your therapeutic process-not a quiet observer. I use a balance of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and exploring how your childhood shaped your current thoughts and behaviors.
(858) 386-7502 View (858) 386-7502
Photo of Paula Mierzejewski, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Paula Mierzejewski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello. My name is Paula Mierzejewski, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I see children, adolescents and adults up to the age of 65. My specialties are anxiety and depression. I started my practice later in life and believe my life's experiene makes me a better therapist. I used to work in a law firm and developed severe migraines and knew I needed to move onto a new career. So at 57, I started my journey in graduate school and finished when I was 60. What drives me to do this work is that I know how debilitating anxiety and depression are.
Hello. My name is Paula Mierzejewski, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I see children, adolescents and adults up to the age of 65. My specialties are anxiety and depression. I started my practice later in life and believe my life's experiene makes me a better therapist. I used to work in a law firm and developed severe migraines and knew I needed to move onto a new career. So at 57, I started my journey in graduate school and finished when I was 60. What drives me to do this work is that I know how debilitating anxiety and depression are.
(760) 527-2966 View (760) 527-2966
1

See more therapy options for 92069

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92069

100+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in 92069 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
69% Trauma and PTSD
62% Life Transitions
61% Self Esteem
60% Coping Skills
58% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 92069 see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92069?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.