Photo of Phillip Salas, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Phillip Salas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
As a compassionate psychotherapist, I specialize in helping individuals navigate the challenges of anxiety, OCD, and depression. My therapeutic approach is tailored to create a safe space for exploration and healing. Together, we can work towards managing symptoms, fostering resilience, and restoring a sense of well-being. Let's embark on this journey towards emotional wellness, building the tools you need to thrive.
As a compassionate psychotherapist, I specialize in helping individuals navigate the challenges of anxiety, OCD, and depression. My therapeutic approach is tailored to create a safe space for exploration and healing. Together, we can work towards managing symptoms, fostering resilience, and restoring a sense of well-being. Let's embark on this journey towards emotional wellness, building the tools you need to thrive.
(619) 768-5663 View (619) 768-5663
Photo of Julia Overlin, Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Julia Overlin
Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92020
Imagine feeling in control of your life again and confident in yourself to leave your house and not worry about what others think about you. Imagine feeling able to manage your emotions enough to get through a whole day and not feel controlled by them. Imagine having your life back. It’s possible. One of the hardest things about finding a therapist is the concern about feeling judged for needing help. Know that my role is only in empowering you to remember what you are capable of, and I do so from a very supportive and nonjudgmental approach. Let's explore together what is blocking you from feeling able to fix this on your own.
Imagine feeling in control of your life again and confident in yourself to leave your house and not worry about what others think about you. Imagine feeling able to manage your emotions enough to get through a whole day and not feel controlled by them. Imagine having your life back. It’s possible. One of the hardest things about finding a therapist is the concern about feeling judged for needing help. Know that my role is only in empowering you to remember what you are capable of, and I do so from a very supportive and nonjudgmental approach. Let's explore together what is blocking you from feeling able to fix this on your own.
(619) 916-4268 View (619) 916-4268
Photo of Helen Greenbergs, Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Helen Greenbergs
Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you living with chronic health problems that seem to be taking over your life and stealing your happiness? Are you trying to get pregnant, currently pregnant, or raising a young child, wondering how you could be a more effective, confident and joyful parent? Are you a college student, or graduate student, feeling overwhelmed with multiple demands on your time and energy? I am a clinical psychologist, specializing in cognitive-behavioral therapy. In my practice I work with adults experiencing stress, anxiety, confusion, or depression, due to everyday life events or major life challenges.
Are you living with chronic health problems that seem to be taking over your life and stealing your happiness? Are you trying to get pregnant, currently pregnant, or raising a young child, wondering how you could be a more effective, confident and joyful parent? Are you a college student, or graduate student, feeling overwhelmed with multiple demands on your time and energy? I am a clinical psychologist, specializing in cognitive-behavioral therapy. In my practice I work with adults experiencing stress, anxiety, confusion, or depression, due to everyday life events or major life challenges.
(619) 505-3881 View (619) 505-3881
Photo of Chenyka (Nyka) Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Chenyka (Nyka) Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
In a world where meeting your emotional needs is not always prioritized, individuals often become disconnected from themselves. As a result of this disconnection individuals may experience challenges with their mental health, experience dissatisfaction within their relationships and difficulty with identifying healthy coping skills. My role is to reconnect you to those emotional needs, educate and support you on ways of meeting these needs and provide you with tools to maintain stability and balance in life.
In a world where meeting your emotional needs is not always prioritized, individuals often become disconnected from themselves. As a result of this disconnection individuals may experience challenges with their mental health, experience dissatisfaction within their relationships and difficulty with identifying healthy coping skills. My role is to reconnect you to those emotional needs, educate and support you on ways of meeting these needs and provide you with tools to maintain stability and balance in life.
(619) 329-8399 View (619) 329-8399
Photo of Johanna Pavlogianis, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, AT-R
Johanna Pavlogianis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, AT-R
Verified Verified
Online Only
Seeking support can feel scary and overwhelming. “How do I know what to look for? What is therapy about exactly? How will talking to someone change anything?” These can be common questions when starting or even continuing your therapeutic journey. I am someone who believes in providing a non-judgmental safe space through genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard in order for clients to explore and express themselves freely. I aim to assist my clients in building safety within themselves by working on self-acceptance, highlighting their strengths, and empowering them to create the changes they desire.
Seeking support can feel scary and overwhelming. “How do I know what to look for? What is therapy about exactly? How will talking to someone change anything?” These can be common questions when starting or even continuing your therapeutic journey. I am someone who believes in providing a non-judgmental safe space through genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard in order for clients to explore and express themselves freely. I aim to assist my clients in building safety within themselves by working on self-acceptance, highlighting their strengths, and empowering them to create the changes they desire.
(619) 480-0267 View (619) 480-0267
Photo of Tanya Frausto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tanya Frausto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, my name is Tanya Frausto. I proudly identify as a bilingual, first-generation Latina college graduate, daughter of immigrants, who comes from a low-income background. I earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of San Diego, a master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University, and am licensed in the state of California. From my own lived experience, I understand that many of my clients were not raised in a home that fostered mental health practices. My goal is to support my clients as they find their inner strength to face the stressors of daily life with grace and courage.
Hello, my name is Tanya Frausto. I proudly identify as a bilingual, first-generation Latina college graduate, daughter of immigrants, who comes from a low-income background. I earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of San Diego, a master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University, and am licensed in the state of California. From my own lived experience, I understand that many of my clients were not raised in a home that fostered mental health practices. My goal is to support my clients as they find their inner strength to face the stressors of daily life with grace and courage.
(562) 741-6954 View (562) 741-6954
Photo of April Pearl Gutierrez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
April Pearl Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker w/ over 13 years of experience in the mental health field. I received my master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University in 2012 and I have worked with children, adults, and families in Community Mental Health Setting in both Riverside County and San Diego County. I am currently providing telehealth services on a HIPPA compliant platform as well as in person sessions. My practice specialties include treating depression, anxiety, panic disorders and tough life transitions as well post-traumatic stress disorders.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker w/ over 13 years of experience in the mental health field. I received my master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University in 2012 and I have worked with children, adults, and families in Community Mental Health Setting in both Riverside County and San Diego County. I am currently providing telehealth services on a HIPPA compliant platform as well as in person sessions. My practice specialties include treating depression, anxiety, panic disorders and tough life transitions as well post-traumatic stress disorders.
(619) 273-0817 View (619) 273-0817
Photo of Raechel Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Raechel Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is full of difficulties that we all undergo in different seasons. Whether you are struggling with mental health or a matter of circumstances, I am here to help you navigate through your difficulties, so you may become the best version of yourself. I take a client-centered approach to help you achieve a sense of awareness, empowerment, and acceptance in your given situation, so you may have hope for a more powerful and positive existence. To accomplish growth and success, work and commitment to some form of change is needed. As Max Depree said, "We cannot become what we need to be by remaining what we are."
Life is full of difficulties that we all undergo in different seasons. Whether you are struggling with mental health or a matter of circumstances, I am here to help you navigate through your difficulties, so you may become the best version of yourself. I take a client-centered approach to help you achieve a sense of awareness, empowerment, and acceptance in your given situation, so you may have hope for a more powerful and positive existence. To accomplish growth and success, work and commitment to some form of change is needed. As Max Depree said, "We cannot become what we need to be by remaining what we are."
(619) 762-6476 x100 View (619) 762-6476 x100
Photo of Autumn Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Autumn Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Autumn Ward, and I am a licensed clinical social worker in California. I focus on anxiety, depression, and adjustment to life transitions. I am eclectic in practice and follow several theoretical approaches focused on evidence-based therapies. I love working with people of all ages and situations who want to increase their functioning and better their understanding of themselves and the world around them. I have extensive experience working with humans struggling with anxiety, panic, depression, and adjusting to life changes.
My name is Autumn Ward, and I am a licensed clinical social worker in California. I focus on anxiety, depression, and adjustment to life transitions. I am eclectic in practice and follow several theoretical approaches focused on evidence-based therapies. I love working with people of all ages and situations who want to increase their functioning and better their understanding of themselves and the world around them. I have extensive experience working with humans struggling with anxiety, panic, depression, and adjusting to life changes.
(619) 566-7706 View (619) 566-7706
Photo of Kathleen Funes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kathleen Funes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, My name is Kathleen Funes. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about working alongside you to help create a pathway toward self-awareness, healing, joy, and fulfillment. I work from a relational, client-centered, and psychodynamic approach. I believe that one’s past provides a pathway for what they may be experiencing in the present. I believe that it is essential to have a trusting relationship in a safe and therapeutic space. My hope is for you to feel both heard and known during our time together.
Hello, My name is Kathleen Funes. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about working alongside you to help create a pathway toward self-awareness, healing, joy, and fulfillment. I work from a relational, client-centered, and psychodynamic approach. I believe that one’s past provides a pathway for what they may be experiencing in the present. I believe that it is essential to have a trusting relationship in a safe and therapeutic space. My hope is for you to feel both heard and known during our time together.
(619) 815-3943 View (619) 815-3943
Photo of Isabelle George - Live Inspired Child & Family Therapy, Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Live Inspired Child & Family Therapy, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Through a holistic approach including: Play Therapy, Expressive Arts, and Integrative Nutrition, I support clients in exploring their unique strengths and individual needs. I am a believer in the extraordinary healing powers of play! "The creation of something new is not powered by the intellect, but by the play instinct arising from inner necessity." ~ Carl Jung.
Through a holistic approach including: Play Therapy, Expressive Arts, and Integrative Nutrition, I support clients in exploring their unique strengths and individual needs. I am a believer in the extraordinary healing powers of play! "The creation of something new is not powered by the intellect, but by the play instinct arising from inner necessity." ~ Carl Jung.
(619) 738-6512 View (619) 738-6512
Photo of Krystal Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Krystal Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Krystal! I am a service-focused Clinical Social Worker, bringing seven (7) years of social work experience meeting all state certification and licensing requirements. I like to facilitate individual sessions to provide a positive therapeutic experience. I am an honest and compassionate communicator with a knack for building lasting professional relationships in order to best serve my community.
Hi there, I'm Krystal! I am a service-focused Clinical Social Worker, bringing seven (7) years of social work experience meeting all state certification and licensing requirements. I like to facilitate individual sessions to provide a positive therapeutic experience. I am an honest and compassionate communicator with a knack for building lasting professional relationships in order to best serve my community.
(619) 586-5013 View (619) 586-5013
Photo of Tawny Weir, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Tawny Weir
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Tawny Weir, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Rancho Cucamonga, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in trauma, stress, anxiety, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment-Based treatment, and Emotionally Focused Therapy to help my clients make progress and start their healing journey. I have specialized in working with adults from BIPOC communities. I treat and provide individual and couples therapy. My area of focus is individuals who have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
My name is Tawny Weir, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Rancho Cucamonga, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in trauma, stress, anxiety, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment-Based treatment, and Emotionally Focused Therapy to help my clients make progress and start their healing journey. I have specialized in working with adults from BIPOC communities. I treat and provide individual and couples therapy. My area of focus is individuals who have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
(858) 786-1967 View (858) 786-1967
Photo of Veronica Velasco - Accepting Me Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Accepting Me Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
The population I generally provide services for struggle with the following issues and symptoms: depression, anxiety, anger management, relationship issues/conflicts, social/peer challenges, parenting difficulties, LGBTQ challenges, trauma, parent-child conflicts, behavioral problems, adjustment issues, mood disregulation, grief & loss. Most clients, like everyone in life, are looking for relief from difficult situations and troubling symptoms, a sense of comfort within their own skin. They have the desire towards alleviating their distress and looking for professional help.
The population I generally provide services for struggle with the following issues and symptoms: depression, anxiety, anger management, relationship issues/conflicts, social/peer challenges, parenting difficulties, LGBTQ challenges, trauma, parent-child conflicts, behavioral problems, adjustment issues, mood disregulation, grief & loss. Most clients, like everyone in life, are looking for relief from difficult situations and troubling symptoms, a sense of comfort within their own skin. They have the desire towards alleviating their distress and looking for professional help.
(619) 305-0780 View (619) 305-0780
Photo of Brande Vargas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brande Vargas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am passionate about my work and consider it an honor to help people navigate and move forward to lead happier and more fulfilled lives. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe environment to help guide you through life's challenges and the often-unpredictable ups and downs. I utilize a variety of treatment modalities and adapt treatment to fit your individual needs. I work from a strengths-based perspective and have a warm, gentle, supportive, non-judgmental, therapeutic style.
I am passionate about my work and consider it an honor to help people navigate and move forward to lead happier and more fulfilled lives. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe environment to help guide you through life's challenges and the often-unpredictable ups and downs. I utilize a variety of treatment modalities and adapt treatment to fit your individual needs. I work from a strengths-based perspective and have a warm, gentle, supportive, non-judgmental, therapeutic style.
(619) 308-6354 View (619) 308-6354
Photo of Christiana Woodward Paul, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Christiana Woodward Paul
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
Imagine an insightful, action-oriented therapy that empowers you to break free from negative feelings, anxiety, or difficult relationships—without taking years. Using proven tools that have helped thousands, I’ll guide you toward a happier, more fulfilling life. Whether you're struggling with low self-esteem, chronic stress, or relationship challenges, my approach will help you build healthier thought patterns, improve communication, and regain control. Let’s work together to heal trauma, boost your confidence, and create lasting emotional resilience.
Imagine an insightful, action-oriented therapy that empowers you to break free from negative feelings, anxiety, or difficult relationships—without taking years. Using proven tools that have helped thousands, I’ll guide you toward a happier, more fulfilling life. Whether you're struggling with low self-esteem, chronic stress, or relationship challenges, my approach will help you build healthier thought patterns, improve communication, and regain control. Let’s work together to heal trauma, boost your confidence, and create lasting emotional resilience.
(619) 457-4553 View (619) 457-4553
Photo of Cecilia Polkinhorn, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AT-R
Cecilia Polkinhorn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AT-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy helping children, teens, adults, couples, families, and groups use art (and/or traditional talk therapy) to identify their emotions, explore sources of internal/external conflict, and introduce healthier coping strategies into their everyday lives. I meet a client where they are at and collaboratively construct a treatment plan that incorporates some CBT techniques, mindfulness, and art therapy directives.
I enjoy helping children, teens, adults, couples, families, and groups use art (and/or traditional talk therapy) to identify their emotions, explore sources of internal/external conflict, and introduce healthier coping strategies into their everyday lives. I meet a client where they are at and collaboratively construct a treatment plan that incorporates some CBT techniques, mindfulness, and art therapy directives.
(747) 339-2810 View (747) 339-2810
Photo of Elaine Garmon, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Elaine Garmon
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
Hello! I consider myself to be a warm and supportive therapist who strives to meet individuals where they are. I aim to create a safe space for you to work through challenging mental health issues and behaviors. I have always been drawn towards helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, and relationship issues. I also specialize in working with disabled folks, neurodiverse individuals, and the parents/caregivers of disabled individuals.
Hello! I consider myself to be a warm and supportive therapist who strives to meet individuals where they are. I aim to create a safe space for you to work through challenging mental health issues and behaviors. I have always been drawn towards helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, and relationship issues. I also specialize in working with disabled folks, neurodiverse individuals, and the parents/caregivers of disabled individuals.
(619) 566-2158 View (619) 566-2158
Photo of Tina Louise Mayes, Psychologist, PhD
Tina Louise Mayes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I seek to help people who are ready for real change. Not just the same old conversation about what’s bothering you; we will work together to come to an understanding of why you’re not thriving. Certain issues such as OCD, Hoarding Disorder, and PTSD all impact functioning on a deep level. I strive to help people with these challenges to recognize what’s getting in their way of change and come up with practical steps to enrich their lives.
I seek to help people who are ready for real change. Not just the same old conversation about what’s bothering you; we will work together to come to an understanding of why you’re not thriving. Certain issues such as OCD, Hoarding Disorder, and PTSD all impact functioning on a deep level. I strive to help people with these challenges to recognize what’s getting in their way of change and come up with practical steps to enrich their lives.
(858) 358-7507 View (858) 358-7507
Photo of Leticia Estrada, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Leticia Estrada
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I am Leticia Estrada, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, together we will utilize strengths you already possess and develop new tools for healthy coping mechanism to reach your goals. You will find a safe empathetic space to embark on a journey of self-awareness healing. We will explore trauma, navigate challenges with relationships and overcome negative core beliefs. I specialize working with individuals who are dealing with depression, grief, anxiety, trauma, and life stressors. I work best with people who are ready and motivated to make a change in their lives and need some added support.
Hello, I am Leticia Estrada, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, together we will utilize strengths you already possess and develop new tools for healthy coping mechanism to reach your goals. You will find a safe empathetic space to embark on a journey of self-awareness healing. We will explore trauma, navigate challenges with relationships and overcome negative core beliefs. I specialize working with individuals who are dealing with depression, grief, anxiety, trauma, and life stressors. I work best with people who are ready and motivated to make a change in their lives and need some added support.
(619) 932-4472 View (619) 932-4472
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92020

90+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 92020 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
78% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
62% Self Esteem
59% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
85% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 92020 see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92020?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.