Photo of Sarah Tuberman-Green, PsyD, Psychologist
Sarah Tuberman-Green
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I am dedicated to helping children, adolescents, and families overcome their challenges and thrive. My approach to therapy is built on support, authenticity, and collaboration, empowering young individuals to realize their fullest potential. With over a decade of experience, I have worked across diverse settings including community mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, schools, and private practice.
I am dedicated to helping children, adolescents, and families overcome their challenges and thrive. My approach to therapy is built on support, authenticity, and collaboration, empowering young individuals to realize their fullest potential. With over a decade of experience, I have worked across diverse settings including community mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, schools, and private practice.
(310) 893-6544 View (310) 893-6544
Photo of Jodie Marholz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jodie Marholz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Mental Health and Addictions field for over 21 years. In that time, I have helped hundreds of clients gain perspective and move out of their “stuck” place to a more fulfilling life. I do this by clarifying a client’s vision for themselves, the core values that give their lives meaning and purpose.
Mental Health and Addictions field for over 21 years. In that time, I have helped hundreds of clients gain perspective and move out of their “stuck” place to a more fulfilling life. I do this by clarifying a client’s vision for themselves, the core values that give their lives meaning and purpose.
(310) 902-2290 View (310) 902-2290
Photo of Kevin Niehaus, PsyD, LPCC, MBA
Kevin Niehaus
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PsyD, LPCC, MBA
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
In my practice I tend to work with clients, ages 4 - 85+, dealing with anything from anxiety, depression, trauma, career, social issues, and other things causing turbulence in their life. Also, I work with individuals, couples, and families on how they can best function in the world. Depending on the client's needs I work with them to create a customized treatment plan best for their needs. I am also a collaborative therapist that wants the client to have an active voice in their journey. Therapy is different for each individual and I value helping the client pursue the change they are seeking.
In my practice I tend to work with clients, ages 4 - 85+, dealing with anything from anxiety, depression, trauma, career, social issues, and other things causing turbulence in their life. Also, I work with individuals, couples, and families on how they can best function in the world. Depending on the client's needs I work with them to create a customized treatment plan best for their needs. I am also a collaborative therapist that wants the client to have an active voice in their journey. Therapy is different for each individual and I value helping the client pursue the change they are seeking.
(714) 276-1245 View (714) 276-1245
Photo of Jennie Nystrom, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennie Nystrom
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Do you feel depressed or anxious due to childhood trauma? Do you feel disconnected in your relationships with others? I’m here to help you develop an action plan for meaningful changes. My approach to therapy is relational and person-centered. I will work alongside you in a warm and understanding environment where you can explore your emotions and find better ways to deal with the stressors in your life.
Do you feel depressed or anxious due to childhood trauma? Do you feel disconnected in your relationships with others? I’m here to help you develop an action plan for meaningful changes. My approach to therapy is relational and person-centered. I will work alongside you in a warm and understanding environment where you can explore your emotions and find better ways to deal with the stressors in your life.
(424) 336-8620 View (424) 336-8620
Photo of Kari Wendt, MA, APCC, Counselor
Kari Wendt
Counselor, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
We all have days when we feel competent to take on the world, and then there are days when getting out of bed and brushing our teeth feels like an insurmountable task. If you are feeling overwhelmed, confused, or just not sure what to do and where to go next, let me be the first to say: "You are not alone!" Being human is difficult, particularly when we are trying to navigate our own needs in between the needs of our families, work, and the world.
We all have days when we feel competent to take on the world, and then there are days when getting out of bed and brushing our teeth feels like an insurmountable task. If you are feeling overwhelmed, confused, or just not sure what to do and where to go next, let me be the first to say: "You are not alone!" Being human is difficult, particularly when we are trying to navigate our own needs in between the needs of our families, work, and the world.
(424) 317-8813 View (424) 317-8813
Photo of Daniella Leon, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Daniella Leon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505  (Online Only)
Are you finding that life, relationships, or even your own thoughts feel different from what you expected? Maybe you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck in repetitive and exhausting patterns, or struggling to connect with those around you. Anxiety might be making it even harder, causing your mind to race with worries or leaving you feeling emotionally drained. I know that some days can be incredibly tough, and you might be unsure of how you ended up here. Let’s work through these feelings together and find a path to feeling better. I believe in your innate capacity for healing and growth.
Are you finding that life, relationships, or even your own thoughts feel different from what you expected? Maybe you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck in repetitive and exhausting patterns, or struggling to connect with those around you. Anxiety might be making it even harder, causing your mind to race with worries or leaving you feeling emotionally drained. I know that some days can be incredibly tough, and you might be unsure of how you ended up here. Let’s work through these feelings together and find a path to feeling better. I believe in your innate capacity for healing and growth.
(949) 828-6365 View (949) 828-6365
Photo of Savanna Petruccelli, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Savanna Petruccelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I know it’s not easy to ask for help. The truth is, everyone feels stuck at some point in our lives and that’s completely normal. We are relational beings and aren’t meant to navigate these challenges alone. Finding a therapist who you connect with is a brave decision that can truly change your outlook on life. Maybe you are struggling with what seems to be an unsolvable problem and are tired of feeling the way that you do. Maybe you feel lonely, unheard, or frustrated in your interpersonal relationship.
I know it’s not easy to ask for help. The truth is, everyone feels stuck at some point in our lives and that’s completely normal. We are relational beings and aren’t meant to navigate these challenges alone. Finding a therapist who you connect with is a brave decision that can truly change your outlook on life. Maybe you are struggling with what seems to be an unsolvable problem and are tired of feeling the way that you do. Maybe you feel lonely, unheard, or frustrated in your interpersonal relationship.
(424) 487-6631 View (424) 487-6631
Photo of Jane Leong, APCC, PPS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jane Leong
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC, PPS
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505  (Online Only)
Welcome! Therapy works when you are ready and can connect with a therapist who fits your needs. My clients begin with wherever they are and I am here to provide a safe space to share, to do exploration, and guided self-examination. You may have been thinking about making changes and are here to take one step closer to that. You want to feel better when you get up everyday and don't have an idea how to get there. I am here to help you find your direction.
Welcome! Therapy works when you are ready and can connect with a therapist who fits your needs. My clients begin with wherever they are and I am here to provide a safe space to share, to do exploration, and guided self-examination. You may have been thinking about making changes and are here to take one step closer to that. You want to feel better when you get up everyday and don't have an idea how to get there. I am here to help you find your direction.
(310) 361-6514 View (310) 361-6514
Photo of Danielle Torres, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Danielle Torres
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Have you been hit with unimaginable life circumstances that make it difficult to move forward? Are you struggling with Low self esteem or negative self talk? Do you feel overwhelmed, avoid uncomfortable feelings, or have low motivation for change? Perhaps you want to change but don’t know where to start? I specialize in work with teens/adults dealing with 1st generation college students, professionals, and student athletes managing work life balance, cultural pressures, and performance issues. I also specialize in grief and loss, anxiety and depression, and work with LGBTQIA and trans issues. I have limited weekend availability.
Have you been hit with unimaginable life circumstances that make it difficult to move forward? Are you struggling with Low self esteem or negative self talk? Do you feel overwhelmed, avoid uncomfortable feelings, or have low motivation for change? Perhaps you want to change but don’t know where to start? I specialize in work with teens/adults dealing with 1st generation college students, professionals, and student athletes managing work life balance, cultural pressures, and performance issues. I also specialize in grief and loss, anxiety and depression, and work with LGBTQIA and trans issues. I have limited weekend availability.
(310) 564-7178 View (310) 564-7178
Photo of Moe Gelbart - Gelbart and Associates, PhD, Psychologist
Gelbart and Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Having been in practice in the South Bay since 1976, I bring a great deal of experience in helping people with problems related to personal or family drug or alcohol use, as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and marital issues. My work with addiction includes problems related to gambling, sex, and food. At present, in addition to my practice, I am the Director of Behavioral Health at Torrance Memorial Medical Center, and the Executive Director and Supervising Psychologist for the Torrance Memorial Thelma McMillen Recovery Center
Having been in practice in the South Bay since 1976, I bring a great deal of experience in helping people with problems related to personal or family drug or alcohol use, as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and marital issues. My work with addiction includes problems related to gambling, sex, and food. At present, in addition to my practice, I am the Director of Behavioral Health at Torrance Memorial Medical Center, and the Executive Director and Supervising Psychologist for the Torrance Memorial Thelma McMillen Recovery Center
(310) 692-9523 View (310) 692-9523
Photo of T Joshua Tan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
T Joshua Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Is anxiety, depression, or trauma holding you back from being your true self? Do you feel stuck in managing difficult life transitions? Now, every little thing becomes super overwhelming. Those negative experiences reopen old wounds and cause new ones. You tried burying your pain hoping it would go away. You feel lonely and tormented. You feel exhausted, stressed, and angry all the time. You wonder how much more you can take. You are unsure of who or where to turn for help. In the midst of this painful journey, you do not have to go through it alone.
Is anxiety, depression, or trauma holding you back from being your true self? Do you feel stuck in managing difficult life transitions? Now, every little thing becomes super overwhelming. Those negative experiences reopen old wounds and cause new ones. You tried burying your pain hoping it would go away. You feel lonely and tormented. You feel exhausted, stressed, and angry all the time. You wonder how much more you can take. You are unsure of who or where to turn for help. In the midst of this painful journey, you do not have to go through it alone.
(424) 238-6634 View (424) 238-6634
Photo of Francyne Foxman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Francyne Foxman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I received my B.A. in Psychology from U.C., Berkeley & my M.A. in Clinical Psychology from Pepperdine University. I hold a Certification in Dual Diagnosis from U.C., Los Angeles & am skilled in counseling clients dealing with addictions as well as emotional challenges (i.e. depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, grief & loss). I am proficient in treating persons & families dealing with divorce, separation, custody and court issues. I have provided supervision to Marriage & Family Therapy Trainees and Interns. In-home psychotherapy available, upon request. A Good Faith Estimate (GFE) provided upon request.
I received my B.A. in Psychology from U.C., Berkeley & my M.A. in Clinical Psychology from Pepperdine University. I hold a Certification in Dual Diagnosis from U.C., Los Angeles & am skilled in counseling clients dealing with addictions as well as emotional challenges (i.e. depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, grief & loss). I am proficient in treating persons & families dealing with divorce, separation, custody and court issues. I have provided supervision to Marriage & Family Therapy Trainees and Interns. In-home psychotherapy available, upon request. A Good Faith Estimate (GFE) provided upon request.
(310) 226-8437 View (310) 226-8437
Photo of For More Information - Crossroads Institute, Psychologist
Crossroads Institute
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
We are an organization of mental health professionals with a common goal of providing excellent and expert services in Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego counties. We are committed to providing the highest level of professional expertise and human compassion for issues and concerns that arise in the course of our lives. Crossroads Institute offers psychotherapy services for all ages, psychiatry, clinical, educational, and neuropsychological assessment, and brain training services, including qEEG based Neurofeedback and Biofeedback services.
We are an organization of mental health professionals with a common goal of providing excellent and expert services in Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego counties. We are committed to providing the highest level of professional expertise and human compassion for issues and concerns that arise in the course of our lives. Crossroads Institute offers psychotherapy services for all ages, psychiatry, clinical, educational, and neuropsychological assessment, and brain training services, including qEEG based Neurofeedback and Biofeedback services.
(562) 354-8971 View (562) 354-8971
Photo of Hillary Wilson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hillary Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Empowering individuals, families, and couples to thrive through life's challenges and transitions. That is my goal! Welcome! I am a dedicated therapist with over 30 years of experience helping individuals in family sessions and in groups to navigate life's challenges and build stronger, more resilient relationships. Whether you are alone in navigating a new path in divorce or a family managing teen conflicts, I am here to teach you skills, guide you to better coping strategies and walk along side you through these tough times to improve your outcomes.
Empowering individuals, families, and couples to thrive through life's challenges and transitions. That is my goal! Welcome! I am a dedicated therapist with over 30 years of experience helping individuals in family sessions and in groups to navigate life's challenges and build stronger, more resilient relationships. Whether you are alone in navigating a new path in divorce or a family managing teen conflicts, I am here to teach you skills, guide you to better coping strategies and walk along side you through these tough times to improve your outcomes.
(310) 668-1537 View (310) 668-1537
Photo of Melissa Satram, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Satram
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Do you ever struggle with feeling like you’re not enough? Do you feel like you have to prove yourself? Do you feel stuck and triggered by childhood trauma? The symptoms of trauma include anxiety, depression, high conflict relationships, occupational impairment, addiction, and much more. I believe therapy can help you develop a more self-awareness and actionable plan to alleviate these symptoms. I specialized in working with people who are willing to explore past, present, and future challenges and to find tools for personal growth.
Do you ever struggle with feeling like you’re not enough? Do you feel like you have to prove yourself? Do you feel stuck and triggered by childhood trauma? The symptoms of trauma include anxiety, depression, high conflict relationships, occupational impairment, addiction, and much more. I believe therapy can help you develop a more self-awareness and actionable plan to alleviate these symptoms. I specialized in working with people who are willing to explore past, present, and future challenges and to find tools for personal growth.
(310) 340-2046 View (310) 340-2046
Photo of Daniel Ernesto Bruzzone - Accent On Wellness Psychology Associates, Inc., PsyD, QME, Psychologist
Accent On Wellness Psychology Associates, Inc.
Psychologist, PsyD, QME
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Whether you are in crisis, need a disability evaluation, POST Appeal, Qualified Medical Examiner (QME/AME) or just need someone to talk to, I can provide you with a confidential process that is centered on your emotional needs. As a psychologist with many years of experience, I help individuals, couples and families find balance and happiness in their relationships in order to live more productive, enjoyable lives by focusing on finding real life solutions tailored to each individual. Are you ready to find solutions to your problems? Call me for a free telephone consultation, or select "Appointment Request" on my website.
Whether you are in crisis, need a disability evaluation, POST Appeal, Qualified Medical Examiner (QME/AME) or just need someone to talk to, I can provide you with a confidential process that is centered on your emotional needs. As a psychologist with many years of experience, I help individuals, couples and families find balance and happiness in their relationships in order to live more productive, enjoyable lives by focusing on finding real life solutions tailored to each individual. Are you ready to find solutions to your problems? Call me for a free telephone consultation, or select "Appointment Request" on my website.
(310) 504-1342 View (310) 504-1342
Photo of Jodie Marholz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jodie Marholz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Are you feeling stuck? unmotivated, bored, procrastinating or generally unhappy? You are not alone. I have worked in the Mental Health and Addictions field for over 24 years. In that time, I have helped hundreds of clients gain perspective and move out of their “stuck” place to a more fulfilling life. I do this by clarifying a client’s vision for themselves, the core values that give their lives meaning and purpose and more importantly, to examine the assumptions that keep us stuck.
Are you feeling stuck? unmotivated, bored, procrastinating or generally unhappy? You are not alone. I have worked in the Mental Health and Addictions field for over 24 years. In that time, I have helped hundreds of clients gain perspective and move out of their “stuck” place to a more fulfilling life. I do this by clarifying a client’s vision for themselves, the core values that give their lives meaning and purpose and more importantly, to examine the assumptions that keep us stuck.
(424) 499-4235 View (424) 499-4235
Photo of Dianne C. Kline - Dianne Kline, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dianne Kline, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Have you experienced a traumatic event in your life and having recurring nightmares, flashbacks and panic attacks? Feeling depressed, anxious, stressed, overwhelmed and unable to cope with life's challenges? Have you experienced domestic violence in your home and feel alone and hopeless? Has your self-esteem and self-worth been affected by negative and self-defeating patterns and you're feeling frustrated? I provide a safe and trusting environment for adults and couples who need a competent and compassionate therapist that can help you improve the quality of your life.
Have you experienced a traumatic event in your life and having recurring nightmares, flashbacks and panic attacks? Feeling depressed, anxious, stressed, overwhelmed and unable to cope with life's challenges? Have you experienced domestic violence in your home and feel alone and hopeless? Has your self-esteem and self-worth been affected by negative and self-defeating patterns and you're feeling frustrated? I provide a safe and trusting environment for adults and couples who need a competent and compassionate therapist that can help you improve the quality of your life.
(424) 476-4648 View (424) 476-4648
Photo of Susan Davies, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Davies
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I offer a warm, caring and understanding environment so that insight, self-esteem and personal growth can develop. We work together so that you can become your BEST self. To quote Socrates: "the unexamined life is not worth living". A glimpse into our past, helps us understand the present and creates the foundation for a better future. Accessing and understanding our feelings starts the process of knowing ourselves and others, allowing us to take personal responsibility and making healthier choices, that ultimately leads to positive, life-long changes.
I offer a warm, caring and understanding environment so that insight, self-esteem and personal growth can develop. We work together so that you can become your BEST self. To quote Socrates: "the unexamined life is not worth living". A glimpse into our past, helps us understand the present and creates the foundation for a better future. Accessing and understanding our feelings starts the process of knowing ourselves and others, allowing us to take personal responsibility and making healthier choices, that ultimately leads to positive, life-long changes.
(424) 294-8844 View (424) 294-8844
Photo of Jill Dorn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Dorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
It might be that you feel you can do better in your relationships or career. Or that you are concerned about what the future looks like. Maybe you would like to end blue moods or constant worry, but don't know how to do this. Sometimes it is difficult to make changes on your own, and I am here to help. My practice started 20 years ago in New York City, where I helped clients achieve their potential and improve their relationships. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with clients and partner in their path to growth, insight, and happiness.
It might be that you feel you can do better in your relationships or career. Or that you are concerned about what the future looks like. Maybe you would like to end blue moods or constant worry, but don't know how to do this. Sometimes it is difficult to make changes on your own, and I am here to help. My practice started 20 years ago in New York City, where I helped clients achieve their potential and improve their relationships. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with clients and partner in their path to growth, insight, and happiness.
(310) 740-9876 View (310) 740-9876
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 90505

300+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in 90505 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
70% Grief
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Cigna and Evernorth
59% Aetna
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 90505 see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 90505?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.