Therapists in 89436

Photo of Rachel Goforth - Nurtured Nested, Licensed Professional Counselor, CPC
Nurtured Nested
Licensed Professional Counselor, CPC
Sparks, NV 89436
The owner of Nurtured Nested is Rachel Goforth, LPC, PMH-C. She has a Master's of Science in Mental Health Counseling, focusing in Clinical Professional Counseling and a licensed CPC in Nevada and a certified Perinatal Mental Health Counselor. Practice provides other therapist that have various backgrounds and trainings that can fit other needs.
The owner of Nurtured Nested is Rachel Goforth, LPC, PMH-C. She has a Master's of Science in Mental Health Counseling, focusing in Clinical Professional Counseling and a licensed CPC in Nevada and a certified Perinatal Mental Health Counselor. Practice provides other therapist that have various backgrounds and trainings that can fit other needs.
(775) 204-3576 View (775) 204-3576
Photo of Jessica Hass - Theravada Mental Health LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC, CSW-I
Theravada Mental Health LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC, CSW-I
Sparks, NV 89436
*ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS* Although we're located in Clark County, we also serve all areas of Nevada. Coming to terms with the possibility that we may need support of any kind can be difficult, and once you’ve identified that need, finding a therapist to best suit your needs may prove to be even more difficult. It is paramount to our practice that client-centered treatment begins with your peace of mind, clarity, and feeling a strong presence of therapeutic support. We have clinicians on staff Monday - Sunday and on evenings and weekends via telehealth.
*ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS* Although we're located in Clark County, we also serve all areas of Nevada. Coming to terms with the possibility that we may need support of any kind can be difficult, and once you’ve identified that need, finding a therapist to best suit your needs may prove to be even more difficult. It is paramount to our practice that client-centered treatment begins with your peace of mind, clarity, and feeling a strong presence of therapeutic support. We have clinicians on staff Monday - Sunday and on evenings and weekends via telehealth.
(702) 829-5303 View (702) 829-5303
Photo of Jana Wellman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jana Wellman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sparks, NV 89436
My goal for each client, family, couple or child is to experience symptom relief. I emphasize searching for the underlining symptoms that are creating uncomfortable emotions feelings or unwanted behaviors. Together we can explore the emotional impacts anxiety, depression, loneliness, frustrations, or even simply life's daily struggles have on you and / or your children. I am someone you can feel comfortable confiding in. Ultimately treatment would be designed to help guide you in developing the skills needed to heal and have a healthy life.
My goal for each client, family, couple or child is to experience symptom relief. I emphasize searching for the underlining symptoms that are creating uncomfortable emotions feelings or unwanted behaviors. Together we can explore the emotional impacts anxiety, depression, loneliness, frustrations, or even simply life's daily struggles have on you and / or your children. I am someone you can feel comfortable confiding in. Ultimately treatment would be designed to help guide you in developing the skills needed to heal and have a healthy life.
(775) 365-8813 View (775) 365-8813
Photo of Amy Reha - Full Circle Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC, EMDR, DBT-A, MDFT
Full Circle Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC, EMDR, DBT-A, MDFT
Sparks, NV 89436
Amy Reha, Trauma Therapist— 360 Los Altos Parkway Sparks, Nevada- Feel like your anxiety, OCD, ADHD, or PTSD is too overwhelming to share? Like your struggles are too big, too heavy, or too much? They’re not. For over a decade, I’ve walked alongside people in the heart of their storms—trauma, crisis, or spiraling thoughts—and I’m here to meet you in yours with calm, empathy, and a touch of humor. You don’t have to face this alone. Whether it’s recent or past trauma, relationship struggles, or feeling disconnected from your authentic self, I can help you rewrite your story. Ready to break free from the patterns holding you back?
Amy Reha, Trauma Therapist— 360 Los Altos Parkway Sparks, Nevada- Feel like your anxiety, OCD, ADHD, or PTSD is too overwhelming to share? Like your struggles are too big, too heavy, or too much? They’re not. For over a decade, I’ve walked alongside people in the heart of their storms—trauma, crisis, or spiraling thoughts—and I’m here to meet you in yours with calm, empathy, and a touch of humor. You don’t have to face this alone. Whether it’s recent or past trauma, relationship struggles, or feeling disconnected from your authentic self, I can help you rewrite your story. Ready to break free from the patterns holding you back?
(775) 235-2870 View (775) 235-2870
Photo of Stacey Harlan - Bee Mindful Mental Health and Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Bee Mindful Mental Health and Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Sparks, NV 89436
At Bee Mindful Mental Health and Wellness Center, P.L.L.C., we strive to provide culturally competent, holistic mental wellness services that promote the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults. My therapeutic approach focuses on a collaborative effort to identify personal strengths and needs while developing meaningful goals and exploring the necessary steps to attain those goals.
At Bee Mindful Mental Health and Wellness Center, P.L.L.C., we strive to provide culturally competent, holistic mental wellness services that promote the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults. My therapeutic approach focuses on a collaborative effort to identify personal strengths and needs while developing meaningful goals and exploring the necessary steps to attain those goals.
(775) 362-9173 View (775) 362-9173
Photo of Jennifer Kem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Kem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sparks, NV 89436
Licensed in NV, VA and DC and Idaho telehealth. You may be successful on paper—capable, thoughtful, and outwardly functioning—yet find yourself feeling stuck, emotionally heavy, or repeating the same patterns in relationships, grief, or life transitions. I work with adults who are ready to engage in meaningful, consistent therapy—not quick fixes, not surface-level venting, and not passive participation. Therapy with me is collaborative, reflective, and intentional. My clients come prepared to look inward, tolerate discomfort, and make real change over time.
Licensed in NV, VA and DC and Idaho telehealth. You may be successful on paper—capable, thoughtful, and outwardly functioning—yet find yourself feeling stuck, emotionally heavy, or repeating the same patterns in relationships, grief, or life transitions. I work with adults who are ready to engage in meaningful, consistent therapy—not quick fixes, not surface-level venting, and not passive participation. Therapy with me is collaborative, reflective, and intentional. My clients come prepared to look inward, tolerate discomfort, and make real change over time.
(775) 514-6150 View (775) 514-6150
Photo of Alexandra Pelino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, C-DBT
Alexandra Pelino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, C-DBT
Sparks, NV 89436
Hi, I am Ali! I’m a DBT-certified therapist with over 10 years of experience and dual licensure as an LCSW and LCADC. I provide treatment in Nevada and Texas. I specialize in treating addiction, eating disorders, personality disorders, behavioral issues, trauma, suicidal ideation, anxiety, depression, and unhelpful thinking patterns. I use an integrative approach grounded in DBT, CBT, and Schema Therapy. I am also experienced in working with clients involved with the criminal justice system.
Hi, I am Ali! I’m a DBT-certified therapist with over 10 years of experience and dual licensure as an LCSW and LCADC. I provide treatment in Nevada and Texas. I specialize in treating addiction, eating disorders, personality disorders, behavioral issues, trauma, suicidal ideation, anxiety, depression, and unhelpful thinking patterns. I use an integrative approach grounded in DBT, CBT, and Schema Therapy. I am also experienced in working with clients involved with the criminal justice system.
(775) 256-8871 View (775) 256-8871
Photo of Geneva Steffinger, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-1
Geneva Steffinger
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-1
Sparks, NV 89436
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I specialize in working with children, teens, and adults who are navigating: ADHD Autism Emotional Regulation Trauma Communication Challenges Boundary-Setting I have conversational level of understanding with American Sign Language. I worked with my own hearing limitations and those of hearing limitations of family members.
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I specialize in working with children, teens, and adults who are navigating: ADHD Autism Emotional Regulation Trauma Communication Challenges Boundary-Setting I have conversational level of understanding with American Sign Language. I worked with my own hearing limitations and those of hearing limitations of family members.
(775) 402-2101 View (775) 402-2101
Photo of Randi Melvin-Brown, PhD, LBA, BCBA-D, CBS
Randi Melvin-Brown
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sparks, NV 89436
Compassion, collaboration, and science are at the heart of everything we do at On Point Behavior. I strive to create a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients feel truly heard and supported. I believe in meeting people where they are and walking alongside them with honesty, empathy, and expertise. I want you to know that when you work with me, you're not just getting a behavior analyst, you’re gaining a committed professional in your journey.
Compassion, collaboration, and science are at the heart of everything we do at On Point Behavior. I strive to create a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients feel truly heard and supported. I believe in meeting people where they are and walking alongside them with honesty, empathy, and expertise. I want you to know that when you work with me, you're not just getting a behavior analyst, you’re gaining a committed professional in your journey.
(775) 261-0256 View (775) 261-0256
Photo of Kamrynn Dewees, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kamrynn Dewees
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Sparks, NV 89436
Hi! I am glad you're here! I believe therapy should be a place where you feel comfortable, supported, and even excited to show up. Using humor and empowerment, I help you build on your strengths while navigating life’s challenges—whether it’s stress, anxiety, personal identity, or relational struggles. My goal is to create a space where you feel heard, understood, and equipped with the tools to move forward with confidence. Together, we’ll uncover your resilience and work toward a more balanced, fulfilling life.
Hi! I am glad you're here! I believe therapy should be a place where you feel comfortable, supported, and even excited to show up. Using humor and empowerment, I help you build on your strengths while navigating life’s challenges—whether it’s stress, anxiety, personal identity, or relational struggles. My goal is to create a space where you feel heard, understood, and equipped with the tools to move forward with confidence. Together, we’ll uncover your resilience and work toward a more balanced, fulfilling life.
(775) 618-9858 View (775) 618-9858
Photo of Zoey McKenna, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Zoey McKenna
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I enjoy and work primarily with women of all ages, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I also focus attention on identity and career development, as well as tending to ever evolving relationship dynamics, including family of origin topics and sexual issues. I appreciate working with clients who are naturally curious, growth oriented, and open for feedback, as well as whom have goals of improving both communication and emotional expression throughout their lives.
I enjoy and work primarily with women of all ages, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I also focus attention on identity and career development, as well as tending to ever evolving relationship dynamics, including family of origin topics and sexual issues. I appreciate working with clients who are naturally curious, growth oriented, and open for feedback, as well as whom have goals of improving both communication and emotional expression throughout their lives.
(775) 382-7004 View (775) 382-7004
Photo of Dominique Thornton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Dominique Thornton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Taking the first step toward healing is a brave and powerful choice. My goal is to create a space where you feel safe, supported, and free of judgment as you work through life’s challenges. I bring a warm, compassionate presence to therapy while also encouraging growth and new perspectives through a person-centered approach. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, with a special passion for supporting first responders, healthcare workers, and other helping professionals. I understand the unique pressures that come with serving others and the impact those stressors can have on mental health and relationships.
Taking the first step toward healing is a brave and powerful choice. My goal is to create a space where you feel safe, supported, and free of judgment as you work through life’s challenges. I bring a warm, compassionate presence to therapy while also encouraging growth and new perspectives through a person-centered approach. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, with a special passion for supporting first responders, healthcare workers, and other helping professionals. I understand the unique pressures that come with serving others and the impact those stressors can have on mental health and relationships.
(775) 452-4451 View (775) 452-4451
Photo of Emy Woodring, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Emy Woodring
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
At times, life can feel heavy, confusing, or hard to navigate. Therapy offers a space to pause, feel genuinely heard, and find a way forward. As a compassionate, engaged therapist, I provide a warm, collaborative environment and walk alongside you through life’s challenges. My approach blends empathy with practical tools, drawing from solution-focused, somatic, and strength-based practices. Clients describe my style as warm but direct as I offer honesty and supportive challenge when it serves growth. Together, we focus on clarity, resilience, and meaningful, sustainable change.
At times, life can feel heavy, confusing, or hard to navigate. Therapy offers a space to pause, feel genuinely heard, and find a way forward. As a compassionate, engaged therapist, I provide a warm, collaborative environment and walk alongside you through life’s challenges. My approach blends empathy with practical tools, drawing from solution-focused, somatic, and strength-based practices. Clients describe my style as warm but direct as I offer honesty and supportive challenge when it serves growth. Together, we focus on clarity, resilience, and meaningful, sustainable change.
(775) 269-5579 View (775) 269-5579
Photo of Julia Victoria Riggleman, LMSW, CSWI
Julia Victoria Riggleman
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Living with OCD or anxiety in Reno can feel isolating. I hear the exhaustion in your stress, and I’m ready to help you reclaim the life that fear has taken control of. I specialize in compassionate exposure therapies for those ready to face the discomfort of uncertainty to find lasting freedom. My ideal patient is ready to prioritize long-term relief over short-term comfort; they want to stop surviving and start living. We’ll lean into the fear together, dismantling shame, intrusive thoughts, panic, avoidance, and more one step at a time. You deserve a life defined by your values, not your anxiety.
Living with OCD or anxiety in Reno can feel isolating. I hear the exhaustion in your stress, and I’m ready to help you reclaim the life that fear has taken control of. I specialize in compassionate exposure therapies for those ready to face the discomfort of uncertainty to find lasting freedom. My ideal patient is ready to prioritize long-term relief over short-term comfort; they want to stop surviving and start living. We’ll lean into the fear together, dismantling shame, intrusive thoughts, panic, avoidance, and more one step at a time. You deserve a life defined by your values, not your anxiety.
(775) 238-3373 View (775) 238-3373
Photo of Brian Crane - Northern Nevada Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Northern Nevada Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
We are dedicated to providing client-centered care to individuals and families navigating life. Our multidisciplinary team of licensed clinicians specializes in a range of therapeutic services, including individual, group, couples, and family therapy. We are committed to creating a safe, confidential environment where clients can express themselves and work towards meaningful change. We believe in supporting our clients and building trust. Whether that be by focusing on your mental health, substance use issues, family problems, or supporting neurodiverse individuals, our approach is designed to meet each client's unique needs.
We are dedicated to providing client-centered care to individuals and families navigating life. Our multidisciplinary team of licensed clinicians specializes in a range of therapeutic services, including individual, group, couples, and family therapy. We are committed to creating a safe, confidential environment where clients can express themselves and work towards meaningful change. We believe in supporting our clients and building trust. Whether that be by focusing on your mental health, substance use issues, family problems, or supporting neurodiverse individuals, our approach is designed to meet each client's unique needs.
(775) 252-6510 View (775) 252-6510
Photo of Danielle Langum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Danielle Langum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
When working with me, you can expect to feel understood, supported, and gently challenged in ways that help you move forward. Therapy is a collaborative space where we slow things down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and identify meaningful shifts that support lasting change. I work with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns, and life transitions. Stress and anxiety often show up in our bodies and relationships, leaving us feeling overwhelmed or stuck. I also have a special focus on supporting nursing students, nurses, and medical students facing burnout, pressure, or emotional fatigue.
When working with me, you can expect to feel understood, supported, and gently challenged in ways that help you move forward. Therapy is a collaborative space where we slow things down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and identify meaningful shifts that support lasting change. I work with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns, and life transitions. Stress and anxiety often show up in our bodies and relationships, leaving us feeling overwhelmed or stuck. I also have a special focus on supporting nursing students, nurses, and medical students facing burnout, pressure, or emotional fatigue.
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Photo of James Bertone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
James Bertone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I am a Nevada licensed clinical social worker as well as a Nevada licensed clinical drug and alcohol counselor with 30 years of experience. Therapy can involve harm reduction or strictly abstinent-based approaches. Clinical interventions are offered in individual sessions. Emphasis for all treatment interventions is on the importance of creating a plan of care, based on close collaboration with the client. I assist my client in articulating what life area is needing change and to be clear on what the goal would be for that desired change.
I am a Nevada licensed clinical social worker as well as a Nevada licensed clinical drug and alcohol counselor with 30 years of experience. Therapy can involve harm reduction or strictly abstinent-based approaches. Clinical interventions are offered in individual sessions. Emphasis for all treatment interventions is on the importance of creating a plan of care, based on close collaboration with the client. I assist my client in articulating what life area is needing change and to be clear on what the goal would be for that desired change.
(775) 235-0732 View (775) 235-0732
Photo of James C. Hughes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CADCIII
James C. Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CADCIII
Serves Area
Sometimes, experiencing certain events can cause life to move in a direction that feels unbearable. Feeling stuck or overwhelmed with daily tasks can take its toll over time. When this happens, it may be time to make some positive changes in your life. Having someone to provide nonjudgmental support and guidance can make all the difference during these life transitions. I am here to help. I have a passion for aiding others as they navigate through life’s difficult situations.
Sometimes, experiencing certain events can cause life to move in a direction that feels unbearable. Feeling stuck or overwhelmed with daily tasks can take its toll over time. When this happens, it may be time to make some positive changes in your life. Having someone to provide nonjudgmental support and guidance can make all the difference during these life transitions. I am here to help. I have a passion for aiding others as they navigate through life’s difficult situations.
(775) 526-4645 View (775) 526-4645
Photo of Kate McLeod, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, MFT-I
Kate McLeod
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, MFT-I
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone who feels stuck, misunderstood, or burdened by shame due to trauma, identity-related stress, or past experiences. They may be navigating gender identity, sexuality, body image, neurodivergence, or the impact of involvement with the justice system. They want space to be honest without judgment, to better understand their emotions, and to create meaningful change. They are seeking therapy not just to cope, but to grow, heal, and reconnect with themselves and others.
My ideal client is someone who feels stuck, misunderstood, or burdened by shame due to trauma, identity-related stress, or past experiences. They may be navigating gender identity, sexuality, body image, neurodivergence, or the impact of involvement with the justice system. They want space to be honest without judgment, to better understand their emotions, and to create meaningful change. They are seeking therapy not just to cope, but to grow, heal, and reconnect with themselves and others.
(775) 261-0640 View (775) 261-0640
Photo of Angel Littlefield, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Angel Littlefield
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life moves fast, and sometimes it feels like we’re just trying to keep up. Maybe a big change has thrown things off, old patterns aren’t working anymore or maybe realizing that setting boundaries is easier said than done. Whatever it is, you don’t have to figure it out alone. You want to feel more in control, more authentic, and ready to take on what life throws your way. If you're looking for clarity, support, and actionable tools to change your situation, you’ve come to the right place.
Life moves fast, and sometimes it feels like we’re just trying to keep up. Maybe a big change has thrown things off, old patterns aren’t working anymore or maybe realizing that setting boundaries is easier said than done. Whatever it is, you don’t have to figure it out alone. You want to feel more in control, more authentic, and ready to take on what life throws your way. If you're looking for clarity, support, and actionable tools to change your situation, you’ve come to the right place.
(775) 368-5974 View (775) 368-5974

See more therapy options for 89436

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 89436

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 89436 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
69% Stress
63% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 89436 see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 89436?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.