Photo of Bonni Amsden, LPCC, Counselor
Bonni Amsden
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
As humans, we do the best we can in navigating the challenges that life throws our way. Sometimes we navigate these challenges effectively, and other times we may acquire coping skills and patterns of behavior that were once helpful but no longer serve us. Are you ready to break free of old patterns and to learn a new set of skills that will help you on your journey ahead? Are you curious about examining why these patterns may have emerged in the first place? It is true that uncomfortable emotions and experiences are a part of life, but this doesn't mean we need to be controlled by our pain.
As humans, we do the best we can in navigating the challenges that life throws our way. Sometimes we navigate these challenges effectively, and other times we may acquire coping skills and patterns of behavior that were once helpful but no longer serve us. Are you ready to break free of old patterns and to learn a new set of skills that will help you on your journey ahead? Are you curious about examining why these patterns may have emerged in the first place? It is true that uncomfortable emotions and experiences are a part of life, but this doesn't mean we need to be controlled by our pain.
(505) 322-6880 View (505) 322-6880
Photo of Lenore Baeli Wang, LPCC, MA, MFA, Counselor
Lenore Baeli Wang
Counselor, LPCC, MA, MFA
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Many of our hurt areas, from the recent or distant past, can re-wound us. Relationships wound us, so wounds are best healed through relationship. I specialize in helping you find, build and utilize current relationships to recover from past emotional injuries, and to strengthen ways of relating so you can enrich and empower many other areas of your life. Inner rlshp is also key! I am trained, and have many years experience with communication skills, from a behavioral to a deeper psychological or spiritual level. I find Internal Family Systems powerfully life changing for all issues!
Many of our hurt areas, from the recent or distant past, can re-wound us. Relationships wound us, so wounds are best healed through relationship. I specialize in helping you find, build and utilize current relationships to recover from past emotional injuries, and to strengthen ways of relating so you can enrich and empower many other areas of your life. Inner rlshp is also key! I am trained, and have many years experience with communication skills, from a behavioral to a deeper psychological or spiritual level. I find Internal Family Systems powerfully life changing for all issues!
(505) 349-5026 View (505) 349-5026
Photo of Shelbra Thorla, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelbra Thorla
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
As a Clinical Social Worker with 30 years experience, my treatment philosophy is based in partnering with my clients in identifying and addressing their needs in ways that are relevant to them. I encourage a dialogue in which I meet the client wherever they might be emotionally and spiritually and then together, we explore the issues that led them to therapy in the first place. My job is to create a space in which my client feels safe to say things they may be afraid to say to others and to feel emotions that seem overwhelming elsewhere.
As a Clinical Social Worker with 30 years experience, my treatment philosophy is based in partnering with my clients in identifying and addressing their needs in ways that are relevant to them. I encourage a dialogue in which I meet the client wherever they might be emotionally and spiritually and then together, we explore the issues that led them to therapy in the first place. My job is to create a space in which my client feels safe to say things they may be afraid to say to others and to feel emotions that seem overwhelming elsewhere.
(505) 605-6987 View (505) 605-6987
Photo of Lyric Lawson, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lyric Lawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping people! I believe in a person-centered, strengths-based approach. As a multi-racial, multi-cultural social worker, I bring a unique set of skills to working with people -we are all different, and we deserve to be seen and understood as we are. I specialize in trauma and have extensive experience with co-occurring/dual-diagnosis conditions. I also enjoy working with people from all walks of life, in all stages of life: women, men, non-binary people, LGBTQAI+ people, teens, and children. I enjoy helping people find their way and finding out more about who they are and how they are in the world.
I am passionate about helping people! I believe in a person-centered, strengths-based approach. As a multi-racial, multi-cultural social worker, I bring a unique set of skills to working with people -we are all different, and we deserve to be seen and understood as we are. I specialize in trauma and have extensive experience with co-occurring/dual-diagnosis conditions. I also enjoy working with people from all walks of life, in all stages of life: women, men, non-binary people, LGBTQAI+ people, teens, and children. I enjoy helping people find their way and finding out more about who they are and how they are in the world.
(505) 421-3720 View (505) 421-3720
Photo of Timothy P Varner, LCSW, PsyP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Timothy P Varner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PsyP
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
I use the Interactive Metronome (see Interactive Metronome.com) to treat ADD, ADHD, Brain Injuries, and other what I call brain configuration issues. I work with children, adolescents, adults, GBLT, couples, and blended families that often blend like oil and water. I have worked with Veterans with PTSD and other issues.
I use the Interactive Metronome (see Interactive Metronome.com) to treat ADD, ADHD, Brain Injuries, and other what I call brain configuration issues. I work with children, adolescents, adults, GBLT, couples, and blended families that often blend like oil and water. I have worked with Veterans with PTSD and other issues.
(505) 657-8398 View (505) 657-8398
Photo of Candace Dan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Candace Dan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a lifelong resident of northwest New Mexico. In my role as a licensed clinical therapist, I have a profound understanding of the impact of addiction on individual's lives, families, and overall well-being. Though experiences and life circumstances and appear unmanageable there is hope, the opportunity to learn, grow and heal in recovery.
I am a lifelong resident of northwest New Mexico. In my role as a licensed clinical therapist, I have a profound understanding of the impact of addiction on individual's lives, families, and overall well-being. Though experiences and life circumstances and appear unmanageable there is hope, the opportunity to learn, grow and heal in recovery.
(505) 393-7390 View (505) 393-7390
Photo of Maria Porinchak, LPCC, Counselor
Maria Porinchak
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Not accepting new clients
There are times in our lives when we may feel uncertain, overwhelmed, anxious, or down. Personal and environmental stressors can significantly influence how we navigate our daily existence, sometimes with efficacy and at other times, with challenges. Though seeking help can be difficult, I am dedicated to offering a secure environment where we can explore individual impactful events, as well as patterns of behavior and communication that may contribute to a sense of being stuck. My ultimate objective is to empower individuals to forge a healthy self-identity, recognizing and celebrating their unique and authentic selves.
There are times in our lives when we may feel uncertain, overwhelmed, anxious, or down. Personal and environmental stressors can significantly influence how we navigate our daily existence, sometimes with efficacy and at other times, with challenges. Though seeking help can be difficult, I am dedicated to offering a secure environment where we can explore individual impactful events, as well as patterns of behavior and communication that may contribute to a sense of being stuck. My ultimate objective is to empower individuals to forge a healthy self-identity, recognizing and celebrating their unique and authentic selves.
(505) 391-4322 View (505) 391-4322
Photo of Celeste Nicole Morales, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Celeste Nicole Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am a New Mexico native with 10 years of clinical experience. I work with teens and adults in a non-judgmental safe environment. I am trauma-informed and have been trained in various modalities such as CBT, DBT, MST, and EMDR. My goal is to work alongside my clients in their challenges addressing anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma related issues. I enjoy incorporating Christian values if this is a request and or strength of my clients as well.
I am a New Mexico native with 10 years of clinical experience. I work with teens and adults in a non-judgmental safe environment. I am trauma-informed and have been trained in various modalities such as CBT, DBT, MST, and EMDR. My goal is to work alongside my clients in their challenges addressing anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma related issues. I enjoy incorporating Christian values if this is a request and or strength of my clients as well.
(505) 405-8927 View (505) 405-8927
Photo of Deb Burkhardt, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Deb Burkhardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Realizing our own needs for acceptance and validation can be hard, especially when we have not been taught to ask for them ourselves. If you feel like you are bursting at the seams with new ideas but don't know where to start or are feeling pressured by new life transitions or impending crises, therapy may be a helpful place to lay your cards on the table and decide the next step.
Realizing our own needs for acceptance and validation can be hard, especially when we have not been taught to ask for them ourselves. If you feel like you are bursting at the seams with new ideas but don't know where to start or are feeling pressured by new life transitions or impending crises, therapy may be a helpful place to lay your cards on the table and decide the next step.
(512) 890-0413 View (512) 890-0413
Photo of Dr. Heidi DeLoveh, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Heidi DeLoveh
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Most of us struggle at times. When the struggle lingers, or when significant or traumatic events impede us from functioning as well as we want to, therapy can help. Most of my clients are wrestling with a combination of anxiety, depression, relationship problems, or the impact of traumatic events. Some are struggling to identify what is most important or meaningful in life. Others are clear about their values and goals, but struggle with barriers of fear, avoidance, or doubt. In therapy, I aim to provide a sense of acceptance, understanding, and challenge to help you make the changes you want for yourself.
Most of us struggle at times. When the struggle lingers, or when significant or traumatic events impede us from functioning as well as we want to, therapy can help. Most of my clients are wrestling with a combination of anxiety, depression, relationship problems, or the impact of traumatic events. Some are struggling to identify what is most important or meaningful in life. Others are clear about their values and goals, but struggle with barriers of fear, avoidance, or doubt. In therapy, I aim to provide a sense of acceptance, understanding, and challenge to help you make the changes you want for yourself.
(505) 805-2814 View (505) 805-2814
Photo of Dana G Darrow - Dana Darrow, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Darrow, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
I have been a practicing psychotherapist since 1992. As one can imagine, my treatment approach has changed and evolved during that period of time. I am a depth, existential therapist, and work with adults who are experiencing a life crisis or transitional phase in their lives. My hope is that clients who enter my office will feel a sense of calm and acceptance, and find a place where they can express their deepest truths and concerns without judgement. I incorporate dreamwork in my practice, and have attended Pacifica Graduate Institute in Santa Barbara furthering my training in dreamwork.
I have been a practicing psychotherapist since 1992. As one can imagine, my treatment approach has changed and evolved during that period of time. I am a depth, existential therapist, and work with adults who are experiencing a life crisis or transitional phase in their lives. My hope is that clients who enter my office will feel a sense of calm and acceptance, and find a place where they can express their deepest truths and concerns without judgement. I incorporate dreamwork in my practice, and have attended Pacifica Graduate Institute in Santa Barbara furthering my training in dreamwork.
(505) 209-2034 View (505) 209-2034
Photo of Beth Ann Darrow - Beth Darrow LPCC, LPCC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Darrow LPCC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Thank you for visiting my page and giving me the opportunity to offer help and healing. I have been a licensed psychotherapist for over 20 years. During my career, I have worked with various populations including adults, children, adolescents, and couples. I have specialized in treating adults with depression, anxiety, childhood and adult trauma, relationship problems, and those experiencing major life changes and losses. I see my purpose as helping an individual feel more in control of their Iife and not allowing the past to control them; to ease anxiety and eliminate depression.
Thank you for visiting my page and giving me the opportunity to offer help and healing. I have been a licensed psychotherapist for over 20 years. During my career, I have worked with various populations including adults, children, adolescents, and couples. I have specialized in treating adults with depression, anxiety, childhood and adult trauma, relationship problems, and those experiencing major life changes and losses. I see my purpose as helping an individual feel more in control of their Iife and not allowing the past to control them; to ease anxiety and eliminate depression.
(505) 349-5935 View (505) 349-5935
Photo of A. Harriette Bugel, LCSW, MDiv, CDWF, LISW-CP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
A. Harriette Bugel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MDiv, CDWF, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Practice Update: Supporting only formally dx Autistic Adults. Telehealth Only. We meet in the midst of life happening. "Out beyond ideas of rightdoing and wrongdoing there is a field, will you meet me there? " Rumi. Life does not stop for us, we must make time to pause, to consider, to choose our steps, our path. My office is that "field", just on the edge of right and wrong, we meet to listen, get a different view, share at the cross-roads of diverse experiences, reflect on your perceptions of being you. I recognize the importance of a wholistic approach too healing, sharing the story, and crafting a healthy, full life.
Practice Update: Supporting only formally dx Autistic Adults. Telehealth Only. We meet in the midst of life happening. "Out beyond ideas of rightdoing and wrongdoing there is a field, will you meet me there? " Rumi. Life does not stop for us, we must make time to pause, to consider, to choose our steps, our path. My office is that "field", just on the edge of right and wrong, we meet to listen, get a different view, share at the cross-roads of diverse experiences, reflect on your perceptions of being you. I recognize the importance of a wholistic approach too healing, sharing the story, and crafting a healthy, full life.
(828) 581-4078 View (828) 581-4078
Photo of Jay Glickman, LPCC, Counselor
Jay Glickman
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
I believe a big part of therapy is understanding the nature of change: how hard it is, what gets in the way, what helps create change. If you're ready and willing and needing to change - I'd love to work with you.
I believe a big part of therapy is understanding the nature of change: how hard it is, what gets in the way, what helps create change. If you're ready and willing and needing to change - I'd love to work with you.
(505) 392-3616 View (505) 392-3616
Photo of Steven H. Wong, LPCC, Counselor
Steven H. Wong
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Dreams and the unconscious hold symbols that assist in the healing process for depression, anxiety, and addictions. As a Jungian clinical counselor, I use these tools to help you establish a connection between consciousness and the higher Self. The Self then becomes a strong core from which we can operate in a healed and healthy manner. We are no longer driven by unconscious complexes and desires, but make conscious decisions that support life and its many expressions.
Dreams and the unconscious hold symbols that assist in the healing process for depression, anxiety, and addictions. As a Jungian clinical counselor, I use these tools to help you establish a connection between consciousness and the higher Self. The Self then becomes a strong core from which we can operate in a healed and healthy manner. We are no longer driven by unconscious complexes and desires, but make conscious decisions that support life and its many expressions.
(505) 395-2968 View (505) 395-2968
Photo of Dr. Kelly Albonico, PhD, C-IAYT, Psychologist
Dr. Kelly Albonico
Psychologist, PhD, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a holistic psychologist, I pull from a myriad of Eastern and Western practices, philosophies, and research to address life's questions and difficulties through approaches that target the body, mind, community, and spirit. My overarching goal for all my clients is to achieve a tangible and stable feeling of physical and mental calm in order to increasingly feel joy and more easily navigate life's stressors. Identifying the root of suffering, lifestyle changes, breathwork, mindfulness, meditation, discussions of the meaning of life and spiritual connection, guided imagery, and re-writing narratives are commonplace in my practice.
As a holistic psychologist, I pull from a myriad of Eastern and Western practices, philosophies, and research to address life's questions and difficulties through approaches that target the body, mind, community, and spirit. My overarching goal for all my clients is to achieve a tangible and stable feeling of physical and mental calm in order to increasingly feel joy and more easily navigate life's stressors. Identifying the root of suffering, lifestyle changes, breathwork, mindfulness, meditation, discussions of the meaning of life and spiritual connection, guided imagery, and re-writing narratives are commonplace in my practice.
(505) 391-4886 View (505) 391-4886
Photo of Brooke Alissa Chapla - Chapla Assessment & Therapy Services, PhD, Psychologist
Chapla Assessment & Therapy Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Whether you are a new or returning patient, I'm thrilled to work with you! Chapla Assessment & Therapy Services is committed to helping you understand yourself and meet your goals. This is a newly established practice and will gradually be increasing the number of clients accepted, so have hope if you are asked to be waitlisted for services! Currently, I am not contracted with insurance/Medicaid/Medicare, but will be adding this option over the next several months. I can offer support billing insurance as an out-of-network provider at this time.
Whether you are a new or returning patient, I'm thrilled to work with you! Chapla Assessment & Therapy Services is committed to helping you understand yourself and meet your goals. This is a newly established practice and will gradually be increasing the number of clients accepted, so have hope if you are asked to be waitlisted for services! Currently, I am not contracted with insurance/Medicaid/Medicare, but will be adding this option over the next several months. I can offer support billing insurance as an out-of-network provider at this time.
(505) 572-0035 View (505) 572-0035
Photo of Jeff Jordy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jeff Jordy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in your relationships? Are you going through significant life transitions and looking for clarity on your goals and how to get there? Do you find that anxiety or low mood are getting in the way of enjoying life? As a collaborative, solutions-oriented therapist, I have helped many people who are struggling with these and similar issues find a way forward.
Are you feeling stuck in your relationships? Are you going through significant life transitions and looking for clarity on your goals and how to get there? Do you find that anxiety or low mood are getting in the way of enjoying life? As a collaborative, solutions-oriented therapist, I have helped many people who are struggling with these and similar issues find a way forward.
(505) 481-7222 View (505) 481-7222
Photo of Danelle Becklund, LPCC, CH, CI, Counselor
Danelle Becklund
Counselor, LPCC, CH, CI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Not accepting new clients
Is it time for you to feel free from stress and anxiety? Is it time to make changes to old patterns that no longer serve you? Hypnosis is a transformative process where the therapist and participant work collaboratively to achieve the desired outcome. The therapist helps the person tap into inner resources and strengths that can aid in the healing process. The expectancy of the outcome is important and both parties work together to help reach desired results. The sessions are recorded for the participants to listen to and practice on their own.
Is it time for you to feel free from stress and anxiety? Is it time to make changes to old patterns that no longer serve you? Hypnosis is a transformative process where the therapist and participant work collaboratively to achieve the desired outcome. The therapist helps the person tap into inner resources and strengths that can aid in the healing process. The expectancy of the outcome is important and both parties work together to help reach desired results. The sessions are recorded for the participants to listen to and practice on their own.
(505) 933-8581 View (505) 933-8581
Photo of Ivan Roque - The People's Counseling and Consulting, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The People's Counseling and Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
You exist within cultures, systems, and contexts that impact your health, wellbeing, and sense of who you are. Gender inequality, incarceration, racial inequality, LGBTQ discrimination, medical bias, financial insecurity, housing insecurity, etc. impacts our ability to thrive. We experience trauma within these systems and are left believing it's our own fault. Our own weakness. Our own problem to deal with. You are not alone! Navigating an unjust society is exhausting and you want to do more than survive and "get by". You want to thrive and live with integrity knowing that you exist and have a right to live with dignity.
You exist within cultures, systems, and contexts that impact your health, wellbeing, and sense of who you are. Gender inequality, incarceration, racial inequality, LGBTQ discrimination, medical bias, financial insecurity, housing insecurity, etc. impacts our ability to thrive. We experience trauma within these systems and are left believing it's our own fault. Our own weakness. Our own problem to deal with. You are not alone! Navigating an unjust society is exhausting and you want to do more than survive and "get by". You want to thrive and live with integrity knowing that you exist and have a right to live with dignity.
(505) 295-5171 View (505) 295-5171
1

See more therapy options for 87106

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 87106

90+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 87106 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Trauma and PTSD
80% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
70% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Presbyterian
76% Medicaid

How Therapists in 87106 see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
24% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 87106?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.