Therapists in 85749

Photo of David Alexander Lavin - Heart of the Horse, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LISAC, MS
Heart of the Horse
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LISAC, MS
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85749
The core of the work done here is allowing you to access in real time, instinctual solutions for what ails you. This is done by employing specific activities that all but require the client to become present with their emotional reality. The horse only responds favorably to self-awareness and honesty. When this is achieved, the honesty, vulnerability, and awareness are reinforced via undoubted connection with the horse. Often, this leads to feelings of contentment, confidence, and awareness. These are then applied to both intra and inter-personal relationships when not with the horse.
The core of the work done here is allowing you to access in real time, instinctual solutions for what ails you. This is done by employing specific activities that all but require the client to become present with their emotional reality. The horse only responds favorably to self-awareness and honesty. When this is achieved, the honesty, vulnerability, and awareness are reinforced via undoubted connection with the horse. Often, this leads to feelings of contentment, confidence, and awareness. These are then applied to both intra and inter-personal relationships when not with the horse.
(520) 214-5865 View (520) 214-5865
Photo of Linda Griffith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCSW
Linda Griffith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCSW
Tucson, AZ 85749
Maybe life feels like a train wreck (or, worse yet, dull and boring) at the moment, but with some help: you've got this. I work with women, especially, who are quietly considering making life changes and are learning not to fear "upset" on their ways to living freely as the beautiful gifts to the universe each of us is! Time to learn to love everything about you-- you deserve an engaging and joyful life. While therapy can be scary, plan on laughing a lot if you're working with me to discover how liberating it is to live authentically. As an advanced level ETT™ specialist, I'm again offering emergency and rapid resolution of PTSD.
Maybe life feels like a train wreck (or, worse yet, dull and boring) at the moment, but with some help: you've got this. I work with women, especially, who are quietly considering making life changes and are learning not to fear "upset" on their ways to living freely as the beautiful gifts to the universe each of us is! Time to learn to love everything about you-- you deserve an engaging and joyful life. While therapy can be scary, plan on laughing a lot if you're working with me to discover how liberating it is to live authentically. As an advanced level ETT™ specialist, I'm again offering emergency and rapid resolution of PTSD.
(520) 344-0766 View (520) 344-0766
Photo of Linda J Denniston, Counselor, MA, LPC
Linda J Denniston
Counselor, MA, LPC
Tucson, AZ 85749
Calling Creatives, therapists and artistic souls in search of not only solving your immediate personal problems, but exploring the underlying psychological and spiritual issues which may be contributing to these problems. A Jungian depth psychology approach to life issues and the suffering your symptoms bring, can be transformative and healing. Individuation is the process of becoming who you are meant to be, accepting your true nature. I'll help you get there as you connect to and stay grounded in your authentic Self, discover/recover lost parts of yourself, and create a life that has meaning for you.
Calling Creatives, therapists and artistic souls in search of not only solving your immediate personal problems, but exploring the underlying psychological and spiritual issues which may be contributing to these problems. A Jungian depth psychology approach to life issues and the suffering your symptoms bring, can be transformative and healing. Individuation is the process of becoming who you are meant to be, accepting your true nature. I'll help you get there as you connect to and stay grounded in your authentic Self, discover/recover lost parts of yourself, and create a life that has meaning for you.
(520) 394-4806 View (520) 394-4806
Photo of Debra Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Debra Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85749
I have witnessed the miraculous ability of individuals to create change and achieve personal growth many times. It is possible to move beyond distress and feelings of being “shamed" or "stuck". My role is to offer a non-judgemental nurturing, safe space where you can explore your challenges and build the life you desire. Approaching each session with compassion, strengths based, trauma-informed perspective, ensures that your unique experiences and your cultures are honored, validated and respected. You are the expert on your life, and my goal is to help you rediscover your strengths and harness them as tools for a growth mindset.
I have witnessed the miraculous ability of individuals to create change and achieve personal growth many times. It is possible to move beyond distress and feelings of being “shamed" or "stuck". My role is to offer a non-judgemental nurturing, safe space where you can explore your challenges and build the life you desire. Approaching each session with compassion, strengths based, trauma-informed perspective, ensures that your unique experiences and your cultures are honored, validated and respected. You are the expert on your life, and my goal is to help you rediscover your strengths and harness them as tools for a growth mindset.
(520) 527-6513 View (520) 527-6513
Photo of Anne Stott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Anne Stott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Serves Area
Anne Stott, LMSW, is a culturally sensitive therapist who works with adults from diverse backgrounds, including LGBTQIA+ individuals, immigrant and refugee communities, survivors of intimate partner violence and trafficking, and hospice patients. Born and raised in Taiwan, she is a native Mandarin speaker and brings personal insight into the immigrant experience. Anne specializes in depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, trauma, grief and loss, and life transitions.
Anne Stott, LMSW, is a culturally sensitive therapist who works with adults from diverse backgrounds, including LGBTQIA+ individuals, immigrant and refugee communities, survivors of intimate partner violence and trafficking, and hospice patients. Born and raised in Taiwan, she is a native Mandarin speaker and brings personal insight into the immigrant experience. Anne specializes in depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, trauma, grief and loss, and life transitions.
(520) 467-5243 View (520) 467-5243
Photo of Sarah Argueta - Sarah Argueta, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Sarah Argueta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Serves Area
Are you hoping to do some trauma work? Make sense of complex PTSD? Better attune to your body, while integrating mind and spirit? Explore how your identities, neurodivergence, ancestral lineage, cultural influences, and societal structure construct your experience of well-being? Do you want to move towards authenticity and liberation? Wonder if you may be autistic or know that you’re autistic and want to find a neurodiversity affirmative therapist to help you navigate struggles through this lens of understanding?
Are you hoping to do some trauma work? Make sense of complex PTSD? Better attune to your body, while integrating mind and spirit? Explore how your identities, neurodivergence, ancestral lineage, cultural influences, and societal structure construct your experience of well-being? Do you want to move towards authenticity and liberation? Wonder if you may be autistic or know that you’re autistic and want to find a neurodiversity affirmative therapist to help you navigate struggles through this lens of understanding?
(928) 597-4838 View (928) 597-4838
Photo of Christine Driver, Counselor, LAC
Christine Driver
Counselor, LAC
Serves Area
My ideal client may be feeling stuck in patterns of anxiety, depression, or grief that make it difficult to move forward. They’re seeking relief from emotional pain, wanting to rediscover who they are and find balance in their lives. Their goal is to heal, grow, and reconnect with a sense of peace and confidence.
My ideal client may be feeling stuck in patterns of anxiety, depression, or grief that make it difficult to move forward. They’re seeking relief from emotional pain, wanting to rediscover who they are and find balance in their lives. Their goal is to heal, grow, and reconnect with a sense of peace and confidence.
(520) 375-2880 View (520) 375-2880
Photo of Maggie McCane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR-C, CCTP
Maggie McCane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR-C, CCTP
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
What if the pain you’ve worked so hard to manage is the very thing keeping you stuck? Are you a high achiever who looks successful on the outside, yet still feels weighed down by anxiety, emotional exhaustion, or patterns you can’t seem to break? You’ve done the work. You’ve powered through. And still — something isn’t shifting the way you know it should. I specialize in working with results-driven individuals who are ready to stop surviving and start feeling better — not someday, but now.
What if the pain you’ve worked so hard to manage is the very thing keeping you stuck? Are you a high achiever who looks successful on the outside, yet still feels weighed down by anxiety, emotional exhaustion, or patterns you can’t seem to break? You’ve done the work. You’ve powered through. And still — something isn’t shifting the way you know it should. I specialize in working with results-driven individuals who are ready to stop surviving and start feeling better — not someday, but now.
(520) 608-6469 View (520) 608-6469
Photo of Laurielynn Schmit, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Laurielynn Schmit
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Being heard and understood is an essential aspect of therapy. It’s difficult to trust your counselor or make progress if that's absent. Deciding who to reach out to can be overwhelming: I offer a free phone consult so you can get your questions answered and gain a sense of who I am before committing to therapy. This is important work, which means you get to choose the best fit for you. Having worked as a therapist for almost 20 years now, I consistently receive feedback that I have a warm, calming presence. My style is compassionate & collaborative, focusing on somatic approaches, and I'm a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Being heard and understood is an essential aspect of therapy. It’s difficult to trust your counselor or make progress if that's absent. Deciding who to reach out to can be overwhelming: I offer a free phone consult so you can get your questions answered and gain a sense of who I am before committing to therapy. This is important work, which means you get to choose the best fit for you. Having worked as a therapist for almost 20 years now, I consistently receive feedback that I have a warm, calming presence. My style is compassionate & collaborative, focusing on somatic approaches, and I'm a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
(520) 492-1590 View (520) 492-1590
Photo of Jennifer Massey - Jennifer Massey Therapy PLLC , Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Jennifer Massey Therapy PLLC
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Many young adults face the complexities of self-worth, identity, and the pressures of adulthood. They often struggle with anxiety, feel overwhelmed by relationships, or experience uncertainty in their career paths. Their needs include support in building confidence and developing effective coping strategies. Ultimately, they want to feel empowered to embrace their unique identities and lead fulfilling lives, free from the constraints of self-doubt and societal expectations. By addressing these challenges, they can find clarity and strength to navigate their journey toward personal growth and authenticity.
Many young adults face the complexities of self-worth, identity, and the pressures of adulthood. They often struggle with anxiety, feel overwhelmed by relationships, or experience uncertainty in their career paths. Their needs include support in building confidence and developing effective coping strategies. Ultimately, they want to feel empowered to embrace their unique identities and lead fulfilling lives, free from the constraints of self-doubt and societal expectations. By addressing these challenges, they can find clarity and strength to navigate their journey toward personal growth and authenticity.
(520) 645-2441 View (520) 645-2441
Photo of Frances Holguin-Westfall - Holguin - Neurodiversity, Autism, ADHD, Anxiety, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Holguin - Neurodiversity, Autism, ADHD, Anxiety
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with neurodivergent individuals in Tucson, including those with autism, ADHD, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, and social challenges. My ideal clients are children (8-17) and adults navigating burnout, overwhelm, social expectations, or life transitions who want support that actually fits how their brain works. I help you build practical coping tools, increase self-understanding, and reduce stress in a way that feels sustainable. Together, we create strategies that honor your strengths, improve daily functioning, and support meaningful progress without masking who you are.
I work with neurodivergent individuals in Tucson, including those with autism, ADHD, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, and social challenges. My ideal clients are children (8-17) and adults navigating burnout, overwhelm, social expectations, or life transitions who want support that actually fits how their brain works. I help you build practical coping tools, increase self-understanding, and reduce stress in a way that feels sustainable. Together, we create strategies that honor your strengths, improve daily functioning, and support meaningful progress without masking who you are.
(520) 683-3745 View (520) 683-3745
Photo of Ashley Williams, Counselor, LAC, NCC
Ashley Williams
Counselor, LAC, NCC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
"I help Adults, children ages 6-12, and teens in Arizona struggling with ADHD , Anxiety , Depression , Child behavioral problems, Trauma, Identity issues and parenting help. I offer in-person and tele-health sessions and accept Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna and Aetna. I am an EMDR-trained therapist and work with children as young as 6 years old. I am very compassionate, patient, and have high integrity
"I help Adults, children ages 6-12, and teens in Arizona struggling with ADHD , Anxiety , Depression , Child behavioral problems, Trauma, Identity issues and parenting help. I offer in-person and tele-health sessions and accept Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna and Aetna. I am an EMDR-trained therapist and work with children as young as 6 years old. I am very compassionate, patient, and have high integrity
(520) 224-1739 View (520) 224-1739
Photo of Holly Randle, Counselor, LAC, MA, BHP
Holly Randle
Counselor, LAC, MA, BHP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Taking new patients 14 years and older. Virtual appointments available. The hardest step in the journey to self-care is asking for help. Every individual is different in how they process emotions and difficult experiences. Together, we will focus on a person-centered approach that builds on your strengths and identifies the barriers. We will develop skills that allow you to be present, while acknowledging the past and building your future. We will use a broad array of therapy methods that fits your individual needs and goals.
Taking new patients 14 years and older. Virtual appointments available. The hardest step in the journey to self-care is asking for help. Every individual is different in how they process emotions and difficult experiences. Together, we will focus on a person-centered approach that builds on your strengths and identifies the barriers. We will develop skills that allow you to be present, while acknowledging the past and building your future. We will use a broad array of therapy methods that fits your individual needs and goals.
(520) 502-5321 View (520) 502-5321
Photo of Kimberly Ahmadi, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Kimberly Ahmadi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or not quite like yourself lately? You’re not alone—and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Anxiety, depression, grief, self-doubt, and relationship stress can quietly take a toll on your energy, confidence, and sense of direction. At Manifest Joy Counseling, we offer a calm, welcoming space where you can slow down, breathe, and gently set down what’s been weighing on your heart. As the owner and lead therapist, I’m here to walk alongside you, helping you find clarity, build practical tools, and feel more grounded, confident, and in control again. You don’t have to wait—the time to begin is now.
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or not quite like yourself lately? You’re not alone—and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Anxiety, depression, grief, self-doubt, and relationship stress can quietly take a toll on your energy, confidence, and sense of direction. At Manifest Joy Counseling, we offer a calm, welcoming space where you can slow down, breathe, and gently set down what’s been weighing on your heart. As the owner and lead therapist, I’m here to walk alongside you, helping you find clarity, build practical tools, and feel more grounded, confident, and in control again. You don’t have to wait—the time to begin is now.
(520) 885-1033 View (520) 885-1033
Photo of Jennifer O'Neill, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Jennifer O'Neill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm currently accepting new clients. If you’re a teen, young adult, or parent feeling weighed down by past experiences, creatively blocked, or not quite like yourself, you don’t have to stay stuck. Many people come to me navigating anxiety, trauma, and school, work, or relationship stress, or a sense of losing their spark. Parents often reach out when they notice changes in their teen’s mood, confidence, or connection. I offer a warm, collaborative space where you can feel truly seen and heard, rediscover your voice and strengths, and create room for growth, laughter, and the freedom to imagine new possibilities.
I'm currently accepting new clients. If you’re a teen, young adult, or parent feeling weighed down by past experiences, creatively blocked, or not quite like yourself, you don’t have to stay stuck. Many people come to me navigating anxiety, trauma, and school, work, or relationship stress, or a sense of losing their spark. Parents often reach out when they notice changes in their teen’s mood, confidence, or connection. I offer a warm, collaborative space where you can feel truly seen and heard, rediscover your voice and strengths, and create room for growth, laughter, and the freedom to imagine new possibilities.
(520) 582-9401 View (520) 582-9401
Photo of Carolyn Nordin Bushong, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Carolyn Nordin Bushong
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
As a relationship therapist I've helped men and women resolve relationship issues for over 25 years. Whether married or single, whether straight or gay, or just trying to figure yourself out, I can help you. I love helping couples resolve issues in only a few sessions. I help men and women find and keep healthy relationships-whether it's dating advice, or with parents or children. If you are making relationship mistakes, I can help point them out and give you a different way to approach them, resolve present issues, and help with anxiety, depression and challenges. I'm direct, to the point, and can help you reach your goals.
As a relationship therapist I've helped men and women resolve relationship issues for over 25 years. Whether married or single, whether straight or gay, or just trying to figure yourself out, I can help you. I love helping couples resolve issues in only a few sessions. I help men and women find and keep healthy relationships-whether it's dating advice, or with parents or children. If you are making relationship mistakes, I can help point them out and give you a different way to approach them, resolve present issues, and help with anxiety, depression and challenges. I'm direct, to the point, and can help you reach your goals.
(303) 333-1888 View (303) 333-1888
Photo of Nickolas Garcia, Licensed Associate Counselor, LAC, ATR-P
Nickolas Garcia
Licensed Associate Counselor, LAC, ATR-P
Serves Area
I work with individual adults and aging adults, supporting clients navigating mood disorders, anxiety, and emotional challenges by helping them build coping skills, regulate their nervous systems, and develop healthier ways to express and integrate their emotions. I bring empathy, authenticity, and curiosity into the room, creating a space that feels safe, light-hearted, and collaborative.
I work with individual adults and aging adults, supporting clients navigating mood disorders, anxiety, and emotional challenges by helping them build coping skills, regulate their nervous systems, and develop healthier ways to express and integrate their emotions. I bring empathy, authenticity, and curiosity into the room, creating a space that feels safe, light-hearted, and collaborative.
(520) 527-5111 View (520) 527-5111
Photo of Tara A Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tara A Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
My approach is grounded in presence, compassion, and a deep respect for the human spirit. I see therapy as a collaborative process where we gently uncover the roots of trauma, regulate the nervous system, and move toward greater wholeness. My own journey is what led me into the counseling field. Learning about the brain and how we are wired to show up in the world gave me direction—and a profound belief in our innate capacity to heal and grow. Whether you're just beginning your healing process or ready to go deeper, I’m here to support you with care, curiosity, and trust in your inner wisdom.
My approach is grounded in presence, compassion, and a deep respect for the human spirit. I see therapy as a collaborative process where we gently uncover the roots of trauma, regulate the nervous system, and move toward greater wholeness. My own journey is what led me into the counseling field. Learning about the brain and how we are wired to show up in the world gave me direction—and a profound belief in our innate capacity to heal and grow. Whether you're just beginning your healing process or ready to go deeper, I’m here to support you with care, curiosity, and trust in your inner wisdom.
(520) 457-6822 View (520) 457-6822
Photo of Joshua Crosby, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Joshua Crosby
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a compassionate therapist committed to creating a safe, supportive space where you can explore and overcome life’s challenges. I often think of therapy as working on a puzzle together—we take the scattered pieces of your experiences, emotions, and goals, and figure out how they fit to create a clearer, more complete picture of your life. My approach is warm, collaborative, and tailored to your unique needs, combining evidence-based practices with genuine care to promote healing and growth. Together, we’ll work toward greater balance, resilience, and fulfillment as defined by you.
I am a compassionate therapist committed to creating a safe, supportive space where you can explore and overcome life’s challenges. I often think of therapy as working on a puzzle together—we take the scattered pieces of your experiences, emotions, and goals, and figure out how they fit to create a clearer, more complete picture of your life. My approach is warm, collaborative, and tailored to your unique needs, combining evidence-based practices with genuine care to promote healing and growth. Together, we’ll work toward greater balance, resilience, and fulfillment as defined by you.
(520) 346-7759 View (520) 346-7759
Photo of Kerra Sussman - Kerra Sussman @ Relationship Renovation Counseling, Counselor, LAC
Kerra Sussman @ Relationship Renovation Counseling
Counselor, LAC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Jenn Sandoval! I'm a counselor at Relationship Renovation Counseling Center and have openings for appointments within the week.
Hi, I'm Jenn Sandoval! I'm a counselor at Relationship Renovation Counseling Center and have openings for appointments within the week.
(520) 254-6096 View (520) 254-6096

See more therapy options for 85749

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85749

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 85749 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Social Anxiety
91% Health Anxiety
91% Driving Anxiety
84% Depression
82% Stress
77% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
79% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 85749 see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85749?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.