Photo of Kelsi McMartin - Kelsi McMartin - Healing and Growth, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Kelsi McMartin - Healing and Growth
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you, or someone you love struggling after a loss, an accident, or a traumatic event? Do you feel stuck, anxious, or just that life is harder than it should be? In our work we will use EMDR and other evidence-based therapies that can help you start feeling better within a few sessions. We will tap into your strengths, address your needs, and unleash your potential. You will learn to roll with what comes your way, feel better about yourself, and connect with your inner wisdom and authentic self. If depression, anxiety, or self-doubt are holding you back, contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to helping!
Are you, or someone you love struggling after a loss, an accident, or a traumatic event? Do you feel stuck, anxious, or just that life is harder than it should be? In our work we will use EMDR and other evidence-based therapies that can help you start feeling better within a few sessions. We will tap into your strengths, address your needs, and unleash your potential. You will learn to roll with what comes your way, feel better about yourself, and connect with your inner wisdom and authentic self. If depression, anxiety, or self-doubt are holding you back, contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to helping!
(928) 249-8497 View (928) 249-8497
Photo of Victoria Lee Woods - Victoria L. Woods, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Victoria L. Woods, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Payson, AZ 85541
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience in the mental health field. I am currently working with adults and teenagers individually, as couples, in families, and in groups. My emphasis is in treating the whole person and in developing a plan based on proven treatment strategies. I have training in numerous treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family systems therapy, behavioral therapy, gestalt, therapy, psycho-educational approaches, and group therapy. I have extensive experience in treating anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief & loss, relationship issues, and employment concerns.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience in the mental health field. I am currently working with adults and teenagers individually, as couples, in families, and in groups. My emphasis is in treating the whole person and in developing a plan based on proven treatment strategies. I have training in numerous treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family systems therapy, behavioral therapy, gestalt, therapy, psycho-educational approaches, and group therapy. I have extensive experience in treating anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief & loss, relationship issues, and employment concerns.
(480) 409-2426 View (480) 409-2426
Photo of Dr. Kim West, Pastoral Counselor, PhD, MDiv
Dr. Kim West
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
Payson, AZ 85541
If we could transform your life in three months, would you do it? We can heal trauma memories, rebuild your identity from the ground up and set you up for healthy relationships and an amazing future.
If we could transform your life in three months, would you do it? We can heal trauma memories, rebuild your identity from the ground up and set you up for healthy relationships and an amazing future.
(928) 222-5239 View (928) 222-5239
Photo of Kori Newland, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kori Newland
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Arizona with 6 years of experience. I have experience in helping clients with a wide range of presenting concerns including family conflicts, trauma, abuse, stress and anxiety, anger management and parenting issues. I have worked with children, teens, adults and families. I also have 3 years of experience with online telehealth therapy. I can provide a Christian perspective when requested by the client. I am also registered as an out of state telehealth provider in South Carolina and Florida. I have completed Phase I Training in the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT).
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Arizona with 6 years of experience. I have experience in helping clients with a wide range of presenting concerns including family conflicts, trauma, abuse, stress and anxiety, anger management and parenting issues. I have worked with children, teens, adults and families. I also have 3 years of experience with online telehealth therapy. I can provide a Christian perspective when requested by the client. I am also registered as an out of state telehealth provider in South Carolina and Florida. I have completed Phase I Training in the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT).
(928) 224-3855 View (928) 224-3855
Photo of Dr. Christina Kelley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Dr. Christina Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Payson, AZ 85541
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
(480) 637-2671 View (480) 637-2671
Photo of Krista Sheldon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Krista Sheldon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical social worker in AZ with over 25 years therapeutic experience, working with people of all ages and backgrounds. I have extensive experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational issues, trauma and abuse, and grief and loss. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming the things in life that challenge you. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in AZ with over 25 years therapeutic experience, working with people of all ages and backgrounds. I have extensive experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational issues, trauma and abuse, and grief and loss. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming the things in life that challenge you. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(928) 833-2752 View (928) 833-2752
Photo of Lauren Shavers, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren Shavers
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
She completed her BS in psychology at Troy University in 2008 and her Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy at the University of Southern Mississippi in 2012. She is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in AZ. She loves working with children, teens, families, and couples. She has an extensive background working with children and families who have experienced trauma.
She completed her BS in psychology at Troy University in 2008 and her Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy at the University of Southern Mississippi in 2012. She is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in AZ. She loves working with children, teens, families, and couples. She has an extensive background working with children and families who have experienced trauma.
(928) 770-2454 View (928) 770-2454
Photo of Cynthia Stahura, Psychologist
Cynthia Stahura
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Online Only
Feeling tense, irritable, or drained? Have you forgotten what it was like to be free from these emotions? Chronic stress is like lugging around a large shoulder bag: the longer we carry it, the heavier it becomes, leaving us fatigued and unwell. I assist people who have been through traumatic or difficult life events in finding practical ways to lighten their load and reclaim their vitality by assisting them in making sense of their symptoms, reconnecting with their true selves, healing from unpleasant experiences, and developing effective tools for lasting change.
Feeling tense, irritable, or drained? Have you forgotten what it was like to be free from these emotions? Chronic stress is like lugging around a large shoulder bag: the longer we carry it, the heavier it becomes, leaving us fatigued and unwell. I assist people who have been through traumatic or difficult life events in finding practical ways to lighten their load and reclaim their vitality by assisting them in making sense of their symptoms, reconnecting with their true selves, healing from unpleasant experiences, and developing effective tools for lasting change.
(928) 833-2811 View (928) 833-2811
Photo of Abigail Pederson, Counselor, LAC, MA
Abigail Pederson
Counselor, LAC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Payson, AZ 85541
Hello and welcome! I'm glad you're here. We all face challenges in life. We desire closeness, connection, recognition, peace. Yet often these elude us. Instead, depression, anxiety, and lack of connection or meaning are familiar. We long to restore these connections and find success, even joy! It is my aim to come alongside my clients and their families, and support them in the journey back towards health and wholeness - to find tools to cope and grow in the present as well as build healing for a fulfilling future. I offer secular and faith-based therapy and love to incorporate each clients' individual faith into our work.
Hello and welcome! I'm glad you're here. We all face challenges in life. We desire closeness, connection, recognition, peace. Yet often these elude us. Instead, depression, anxiety, and lack of connection or meaning are familiar. We long to restore these connections and find success, even joy! It is my aim to come alongside my clients and their families, and support them in the journey back towards health and wholeness - to find tools to cope and grow in the present as well as build healing for a fulfilling future. I offer secular and faith-based therapy and love to incorporate each clients' individual faith into our work.
(928) 285-5608 View (928) 285-5608
Photo of Joanna Marie Doane Ottavio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Joanna Marie Doane Ottavio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
As many people have limited time to address their emotional well-being, my services are offered exclusively online. Due to a myriad of life circumstances, too many people also live with profound isolation. Do you find yourself thinking... “People don’t understand me,” “I don’t belong,” or “I’m not good enough.”? Do you feel closed off, excluded, or alone? Prior to seeking help many of my clients have ended up struggling at work, at home, in their relationships, or in all of the above. It is not uncommon for them to initially feel overwhelmed and uncertain about where to begin in order to address their difficulties.
As many people have limited time to address their emotional well-being, my services are offered exclusively online. Due to a myriad of life circumstances, too many people also live with profound isolation. Do you find yourself thinking... “People don’t understand me,” “I don’t belong,” or “I’m not good enough.”? Do you feel closed off, excluded, or alone? Prior to seeking help many of my clients have ended up struggling at work, at home, in their relationships, or in all of the above. It is not uncommon for them to initially feel overwhelmed and uncertain about where to begin in order to address their difficulties.
(602) 560-8002 View (602) 560-8002
Photo of Jo Carthey, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jo Carthey
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am continually amazed when people take the courageous step of hoping for change and asking for help with that change. I have been in the helping field for 38 years in various capacities. I have experiences that are rich and varied. I am able to draw upon those experiences to assist those adults and couples who are ready to take the plunge! Are you ready to dive in together?
I am continually amazed when people take the courageous step of hoping for change and asking for help with that change. I have been in the helping field for 38 years in various capacities. I have experiences that are rich and varied. I am able to draw upon those experiences to assist those adults and couples who are ready to take the plunge! Are you ready to dive in together?
(480) 637-3939 View (480) 637-3939
Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAS-MFT, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (LAMFT) I can provide personalized and integrative therapy for individuals, couples, and families. I strive to create a therapeutic relationship that is safe, non-judgmental, and fosters the growth of my clients. I will utilize evidenced based approaches and can work with you to address various challenges such as conflict resolution, grief, anxiety, or just feeling overwhelmed and stuck. Let's work together to transform your relationships!
As a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (LAMFT) I can provide personalized and integrative therapy for individuals, couples, and families. I strive to create a therapeutic relationship that is safe, non-judgmental, and fosters the growth of my clients. I will utilize evidenced based approaches and can work with you to address various challenges such as conflict resolution, grief, anxiety, or just feeling overwhelmed and stuck. Let's work together to transform your relationships!
(480) 470-1709 View (480) 470-1709
Photo of Erica Marisella Harris - Rise and Shine Therapy LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Rise and Shine Therapy LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy should be a collaborative journey. I believe in creating a safe and supportive space where you can authentically be yourself. Together, we'll explore your values, identify your strengths, and build a life that feels meaningful and aligned with your purpose. As a neurodivergent person myself, and a bit quirky, my clients have told me that they feel safe and comfortable from the first session. Clients are glad to find me that have been stuck in their trauma or unhelpful thinking patterns due to anxiety, depression. or neurodivergence, and I provide the creative and out of the box approach to help them feel better.
Therapy should be a collaborative journey. I believe in creating a safe and supportive space where you can authentically be yourself. Together, we'll explore your values, identify your strengths, and build a life that feels meaningful and aligned with your purpose. As a neurodivergent person myself, and a bit quirky, my clients have told me that they feel safe and comfortable from the first session. Clients are glad to find me that have been stuck in their trauma or unhelpful thinking patterns due to anxiety, depression. or neurodivergence, and I provide the creative and out of the box approach to help them feel better.
(623) 304-6807 View (623) 304-6807
Photo of Dr. Lauren Mott, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, CSAT, CMAT
Dr. Lauren Mott
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am passionate about a lot of things, foremost of which is helping individuals struggling with sex addiction, maladaptive sexual behaviors, intimacy disorders, and problematic gambling. I am also EMDR trained and utilize this technique for trauma healing. I focus on recovery from trauma, whether related to addiction or family-of-origin issues. I believe trauma affects everyone in different ways and requires its own unique recovery process consisting of blending addictions and trauma models together. Every individual has the capacity to heal and move forward on their journey towards health and happiness.
I am passionate about a lot of things, foremost of which is helping individuals struggling with sex addiction, maladaptive sexual behaviors, intimacy disorders, and problematic gambling. I am also EMDR trained and utilize this technique for trauma healing. I focus on recovery from trauma, whether related to addiction or family-of-origin issues. I believe trauma affects everyone in different ways and requires its own unique recovery process consisting of blending addictions and trauma models together. Every individual has the capacity to heal and move forward on their journey towards health and happiness.
(928) 440-9704 View (928) 440-9704
Photo of Kristen R Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT, MEd
Kristen R Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am passionate about helping all who feel stuck, lost, or forgotten. I firmly believe everyone deserves to find their voice, and to write their own story. I also know that sometimes help is needed to rewrite this story - which perhaps has gotten derailed through trauma and hard times - and I am ready to give that support. Personable and focused, I work side by side with my clients to help them create the movement they seek.
I am passionate about helping all who feel stuck, lost, or forgotten. I firmly believe everyone deserves to find their voice, and to write their own story. I also know that sometimes help is needed to rewrite this story - which perhaps has gotten derailed through trauma and hard times - and I am ready to give that support. Personable and focused, I work side by side with my clients to help them create the movement they seek.
(928) 212-5131 View (928) 212-5131
Photo of Jetzabel Morales Pastrana, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jetzabel Morales Pastrana
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm from Puerto Rico where I became and developed as a therapist specializing in mental health. Then I made the difficult decision to immigrate to the USA to serve to Latinx community; especially the Spanish speakers that, like me, left their countries looking for a better life for themselves and their families. As a Latina therapist, I know how hard it is to grow up in a culture that we love and respect but have aspects that could hurt us as individuals.
I'm from Puerto Rico where I became and developed as a therapist specializing in mental health. Then I made the difficult decision to immigrate to the USA to serve to Latinx community; especially the Spanish speakers that, like me, left their countries looking for a better life for themselves and their families. As a Latina therapist, I know how hard it is to grow up in a culture that we love and respect but have aspects that could hurt us as individuals.
(480) 470-6258 View (480) 470-6258
Photo of Shannon Toy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Toy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Shannon Toy (she/her), M.Ed, LCSW. I prefer to be called by my middle name, Julianne. I graduated with a Master of Education from Concordia University in 2015 and a Masters in Social Work from Simmons University in 2018. I work with a wide range of ages and populations including children, adolescents, adults, and families. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ population. Areas of specialty include; anxiety, behavioral problems, stress management, trauma, adjusting to change, mood disorders. Preferred modalities include; cognitive behavioral therapy, solutions focused therapy, narrative, rational emotive
My name is Shannon Toy (she/her), M.Ed, LCSW. I prefer to be called by my middle name, Julianne. I graduated with a Master of Education from Concordia University in 2015 and a Masters in Social Work from Simmons University in 2018. I work with a wide range of ages and populations including children, adolescents, adults, and families. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ population. Areas of specialty include; anxiety, behavioral problems, stress management, trauma, adjusting to change, mood disorders. Preferred modalities include; cognitive behavioral therapy, solutions focused therapy, narrative, rational emotive
(667) 220-8079 View (667) 220-8079

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ben Patrick Dickerson, Counselor, MA, MS, LAC
Ben Patrick Dickerson
Counselor, MA, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Young, AZ 85554
Immediate Openings for New Clients. Call for a free 15 minute consultation. I specialize in helping people to create stability in their families through supportive, in-depth therapy. I specialize in counseling therapy for Christian men and women struggling with marital strife, parenting challenges, sexual addiction, depression, and anxiety. I was an educator at the K-12 level for 20 years, so naturally I also counsel a lot of children and teenagers.
Immediate Openings for New Clients. Call for a free 15 minute consultation. I specialize in helping people to create stability in their families through supportive, in-depth therapy. I specialize in counseling therapy for Christian men and women struggling with marital strife, parenting challenges, sexual addiction, depression, and anxiety. I was an educator at the K-12 level for 20 years, so naturally I also counsel a lot of children and teenagers.
(602) 903-3340 View (602) 903-3340
Photo of Katrina Hembree, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Katrina Hembree
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Your path to healing can start today. Allow me to help you overcome life's stresses with confidence. I'm committed to helping you grow with warmth, affirmation, and empathy. Let's begin this transformative journey together, knowing you're in capable and caring hands. I am a professional counselor licensed by the Arizona Board of Behavioral Health. I have worked in various healthcare settings for several years, including inpatient, residential treatment, and telehealth.
Your path to healing can start today. Allow me to help you overcome life's stresses with confidence. I'm committed to helping you grow with warmth, affirmation, and empathy. Let's begin this transformative journey together, knowing you're in capable and caring hands. I am a professional counselor licensed by the Arizona Board of Behavioral Health. I have worked in various healthcare settings for several years, including inpatient, residential treatment, and telehealth.
(623) 335-3329 View (623) 335-3329

Online Therapists

Photo of Laura Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Laura Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Prescott, AZ 86305
Hello. I know looking for a therapist can often be frustrating and requires courage. Taking steps toward your overall wellbeing and health are important. With the severity of stressors in our lives today, it is even more important to address the symptoms like anxiety, fear, depression, isolation, and relationship issues present in our lives. Many times these symptoms are effects of traumas, past and/or present that can include childhood abuse, sexual, physical, and psychological abuse, grief, loss, toxic work environments, navigating difficult family situations, and unexpected news.
Hello. I know looking for a therapist can often be frustrating and requires courage. Taking steps toward your overall wellbeing and health are important. With the severity of stressors in our lives today, it is even more important to address the symptoms like anxiety, fear, depression, isolation, and relationship issues present in our lives. Many times these symptoms are effects of traumas, past and/or present that can include childhood abuse, sexual, physical, and psychological abuse, grief, loss, toxic work environments, navigating difficult family situations, and unexpected news.
(623) 624-8809 View (623) 624-8809

See more therapy options for 85541

Nearby Searches for 85541

See More Therapists

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85541

10+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in 85541 who prioritize treating:

94% Trauma and PTSD
82% Depression
82% Anxiety
71% Stress
65% Family Conflict
59% Relationship Issues
59% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
90% Aetna
90% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 85541 see their clients

64% Online Only
36% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85541?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.