Photo of Shannon Carmona, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Shannon Carmona
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for and enjoy the process along the way. It does not have to be all bad. There are reasons why you think a certain way, do not have control over emotions or repeat mistakes. Let us get to the bottom of those reasons.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for and enjoy the process along the way. It does not have to be all bad. There are reasons why you think a certain way, do not have control over emotions or repeat mistakes. Let us get to the bottom of those reasons.
(520) 636-8748 View (520) 636-8748
Photo of Thalia Glenn, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RYT 200
Thalia Glenn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RYT 200
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is hard. I can help. Your healing journey is unique to you, anxiety, difficulties with self esteem, past traumas or life transitions? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to help you navigate these challenges to create a joyful, meaningful life.
Life is hard. I can help. Your healing journey is unique to you, anxiety, difficulties with self esteem, past traumas or life transitions? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to help you navigate these challenges to create a joyful, meaningful life.
(623) 352-7705 View (623) 352-7705
Photo of Hailey S Araza, Counselor, MA
Hailey S Araza
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hey there! I love meeting and getting to know people and have a knack for making people feel safe and comfortable. Therefore, I offer a space that supports individuals going inward and finding what they truly need to heal and grow. We work on goals you identify, and I utilize a trauma lens and am Brainspotting and EMDR trained. I am passionate about helping people learn to love themselves and learn to live the lives they deserve. Congratulations on taking this step toward healing and I look forward to supporting you on your journey!
Hey there! I love meeting and getting to know people and have a knack for making people feel safe and comfortable. Therefore, I offer a space that supports individuals going inward and finding what they truly need to heal and grow. We work on goals you identify, and I utilize a trauma lens and am Brainspotting and EMDR trained. I am passionate about helping people learn to love themselves and learn to live the lives they deserve. Congratulations on taking this step toward healing and I look forward to supporting you on your journey!
(480) 741-1850 View (480) 741-1850
Photo of Curtis Walling - Adolescent Substance Abuse Program, Psychologist, PhD
Adolescent Substance Abuse Program
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Dr. Walling’s career as a psychologist has been a singular devotion to the creation of the Valley’s first-ever successful outpatient counseling program for substance use in teenagers. Dr. Walling’s Adolescent Substance Abuse Program (“ASAP”) is laser-focused on assisting parents in the pursuit of a sober lifestyle for their teen. Dr. Walling created his IOP Program back in 1991 specifically to support, assist and train parents as no Program has before or since. In his ASAP Program parents are provided the resources, tools, training and knowledge they need to manage their teen’s substance use and begin to heal the family.
Dr. Walling’s career as a psychologist has been a singular devotion to the creation of the Valley’s first-ever successful outpatient counseling program for substance use in teenagers. Dr. Walling’s Adolescent Substance Abuse Program (“ASAP”) is laser-focused on assisting parents in the pursuit of a sober lifestyle for their teen. Dr. Walling created his IOP Program back in 1991 specifically to support, assist and train parents as no Program has before or since. In his ASAP Program parents are provided the resources, tools, training and knowledge they need to manage their teen’s substance use and begin to heal the family.
(623) 887-5194 View (623) 887-5194

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Collin Hagood, Counselor, LPC, LCMHC
Collin Hagood
Counselor, LPC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Openings for two new clients in April '25. My aim is to help you address problematic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that contribute to greater anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia/sleep issues. The goal is to assist you in reaching a position of appreciation for your genuine self (for you are the perfect you!) and an acceptance of the events that occur in your life. I would be honored to take part in your journey of discovering the narratives which potentially distort reality and lead to discomfort, diminished self-worth, or other barriers to attaining contentment.
Openings for two new clients in April '25. My aim is to help you address problematic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that contribute to greater anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia/sleep issues. The goal is to assist you in reaching a position of appreciation for your genuine self (for you are the perfect you!) and an acceptance of the events that occur in your life. I would be honored to take part in your journey of discovering the narratives which potentially distort reality and lead to discomfort, diminished self-worth, or other barriers to attaining contentment.
(802) 255-8442 View (802) 255-8442
Photo of Lindsey Barzizza, Psychologist, PhD
Lindsey Barzizza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Not accepting new clients
Do you sometimes feel controlled by your emotions or disconnected from yourself or others? Whatever challenges you might be facing, I can help you identify and begin to understand them. I can support you with processing complicated, conflicting, and sometimes painful emotions in a safe and supportive environment. Through this process you will emotionally and intellectually grow and become the person you want to be. I am compassionate, caring, empathetic, and non-judgmental. I accept and embrace differences among each person, and I am committed to helping others achieve their goals and live their healthiest life.
Do you sometimes feel controlled by your emotions or disconnected from yourself or others? Whatever challenges you might be facing, I can help you identify and begin to understand them. I can support you with processing complicated, conflicting, and sometimes painful emotions in a safe and supportive environment. Through this process you will emotionally and intellectually grow and become the person you want to be. I am compassionate, caring, empathetic, and non-judgmental. I accept and embrace differences among each person, and I am committed to helping others achieve their goals and live their healthiest life.
(719) 496-0444 View (719) 496-0444
Photo of Humphrey Jabateh, Counselor, LAC, MS
Humphrey Jabateh
Counselor, LAC, MS
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85204
I have over decade years of experience providing therapy to individuals and families of different age groups ( children, adolescents, adults) with ongoing challenges(behavior challenges in school, anxiety, depression, anger, family dysfunctions). These patients want to make their conditions better through professional support.
I have over decade years of experience providing therapy to individuals and families of different age groups ( children, adolescents, adults) with ongoing challenges(behavior challenges in school, anxiety, depression, anger, family dysfunctions). These patients want to make their conditions better through professional support.
(928) 320-2500 View (928) 320-2500
Photo of Nassim Sana, MC, CC
Nassim Sana
MC, CC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85078
My passion is to help women become more empowered in all areas of their lives. As women, we are always ready to be caretakers for others and we forget to take care of our own needs. My coaching approach is holistic and client-centered. Each meeting is tailored to your specific needs and specific goals so that you can create the possibilities you have always wanted. I believe that each of us as women has the wisdom and power within us to make our life be what we want it to be. I see the coaching relationship as an alliance, a partnership, a process of inquiry that empowers clients to reconnect with their own inner wisdom.
My passion is to help women become more empowered in all areas of their lives. As women, we are always ready to be caretakers for others and we forget to take care of our own needs. My coaching approach is holistic and client-centered. Each meeting is tailored to your specific needs and specific goals so that you can create the possibilities you have always wanted. I believe that each of us as women has the wisdom and power within us to make our life be what we want it to be. I see the coaching relationship as an alliance, a partnership, a process of inquiry that empowers clients to reconnect with their own inner wisdom.
(520) 595-3431 View (520) 595-3431
Photo of Whitney Hebbert - Meadowbrook Counseling of Arizona, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Meadowbrook Counseling of Arizona
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gilbert, AZ 85234
Navigating through life's unpredictable nature can lead to feelings of disarray, anxiety, and uncertainty. If you are experiencing such feelings, please know that you are not alone. Step into a space where your well-being is the priority, and unlock the path to a happier, healthier you. Our personalized therapy sessions are tailored to your unique needs, ensuring every moment is a step toward the healing and growth you deserve. Our skilled therapists use evidence-based approaches including EMDR, CBT, & DBT; combined with innovative treatments like Neurofeedback, ensuring you receive the comprehensive care needed for lasting healing.
Navigating through life's unpredictable nature can lead to feelings of disarray, anxiety, and uncertainty. If you are experiencing such feelings, please know that you are not alone. Step into a space where your well-being is the priority, and unlock the path to a happier, healthier you. Our personalized therapy sessions are tailored to your unique needs, ensuring every moment is a step toward the healing and growth you deserve. Our skilled therapists use evidence-based approaches including EMDR, CBT, & DBT; combined with innovative treatments like Neurofeedback, ensuring you receive the comprehensive care needed for lasting healing.
(928) 285-6954 View (928) 285-6954
Photo of Sophie Spencer, Pre-Licensed Professional, MC
Sophie Spencer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85283
As a graduate-level intern, Sophie is eager to work with clients from a variety of backgrounds with a variety of concerns. Sophie has experience working with anxiety, grief, depression, OCD, ADHD, relational concerns, and spiritual concerns. Whether you're looking to process day-to-day stress or major life events, Sophie is open to hearing what is going on in your life. As an intern, Sophie is currently offering reduced-fee appointments.
As a graduate-level intern, Sophie is eager to work with clients from a variety of backgrounds with a variety of concerns. Sophie has experience working with anxiety, grief, depression, OCD, ADHD, relational concerns, and spiritual concerns. Whether you're looking to process day-to-day stress or major life events, Sophie is open to hearing what is going on in your life. As an intern, Sophie is currently offering reduced-fee appointments.
(520) 523-3153 View (520) 523-3153
Photo of Alexandra McAuslan, Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Alexandra McAuslan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
My goal in each client’s therapeutic experience is to provide a non-judgmental, safe, and collaborative environment where individuals can heal, learn new skills, and more effectively manage stress and the challenges of life. My therapy style is client-centered and accepting while also challenging you to encourage growth, increase accountability, and help you unveil your strength and innate abilities.
My goal in each client’s therapeutic experience is to provide a non-judgmental, safe, and collaborative environment where individuals can heal, learn new skills, and more effectively manage stress and the challenges of life. My therapy style is client-centered and accepting while also challenging you to encourage growth, increase accountability, and help you unveil your strength and innate abilities.
(480) 718-7250 View (480) 718-7250
Photo of Jessica Kingsley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Kingsley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is full of ups and downs. In recent times, for many of us, there have been more “downs” than usual. Maybe you want to connect with someone impartial so you can get back “up.” Maybe you’re experiencing a major life change that has left you feeling stuck. Maybe you’ve realized that events or memories from your past are causing you more trouble day-to-day than ever before.
Life is full of ups and downs. In recent times, for many of us, there have been more “downs” than usual. Maybe you want to connect with someone impartial so you can get back “up.” Maybe you’re experiencing a major life change that has left you feeling stuck. Maybe you’ve realized that events or memories from your past are causing you more trouble day-to-day than ever before.
(520) 645-2993 View (520) 645-2993
Photo of Abraham Awais, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Abraham Awais
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85209
Hi! Each of us walks our own path. I primarily use IFS (Internal Family Systems) and can help you reconnect and build relationships with all parts of yourself. I can offer you a pathway to your inner world and journey alongside you as we rediscover what was lost, returning to parts stranded in dark corners of the past with tenderness and compassion. The majority of my experience includes working with childhood trauma, neglect, depression, anxiety, neurodivergence, queer identity and grief. As a first-generation Middle Eastern American, I wholeheartedly understand generational trauma, cultural burdens and intersectionality.
Hi! Each of us walks our own path. I primarily use IFS (Internal Family Systems) and can help you reconnect and build relationships with all parts of yourself. I can offer you a pathway to your inner world and journey alongside you as we rediscover what was lost, returning to parts stranded in dark corners of the past with tenderness and compassion. The majority of my experience includes working with childhood trauma, neglect, depression, anxiety, neurodivergence, queer identity and grief. As a first-generation Middle Eastern American, I wholeheartedly understand generational trauma, cultural burdens and intersectionality.
(602) 975-4939 View (602) 975-4939
Photo of Nicole Deglane Chavez, Counselor, MS, LAC
Nicole Deglane Chavez
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Goodyear, AZ 85338
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, stress, or trauma? If you’re stuck in unhelpful patterns and ready for a change, I’m here to support you. Together, we’ll create a safe, compassionate space to explore your experiences, uncover the roots of your challenges, and work towards building the skills and resilience to live a more balanced and fulfilling life. I believe in the power of healing and growth, and I’m committed to supporting you every step of the way as you move toward a brighter, more empowered future.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, stress, or trauma? If you’re stuck in unhelpful patterns and ready for a change, I’m here to support you. Together, we’ll create a safe, compassionate space to explore your experiences, uncover the roots of your challenges, and work towards building the skills and resilience to live a more balanced and fulfilling life. I believe in the power of healing and growth, and I’m committed to supporting you every step of the way as you move toward a brighter, more empowered future.
(623) 343-4933 View (623) 343-4933
Photo of Tiffany Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tiffany Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, my name is Tiffany Martinez, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Arizona. My approach to therapy is relaxed with a person-centered approach. I work mainly with children, ages 3-18 but also have truly enjoyed supporting young adults and parents of any age through life transitions. My approach truly aims to meet you where you are. I am typically utilizing narrative, mindfulness, and cognitive behavioral therapy with clients. If someone has parenting difficulties, we will engage in reflective parenting strategies as well as others.
Hello, my name is Tiffany Martinez, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Arizona. My approach to therapy is relaxed with a person-centered approach. I work mainly with children, ages 3-18 but also have truly enjoyed supporting young adults and parents of any age through life transitions. My approach truly aims to meet you where you are. I am typically utilizing narrative, mindfulness, and cognitive behavioral therapy with clients. If someone has parenting difficulties, we will engage in reflective parenting strategies as well as others.
(928) 599-7424 View (928) 599-7424
Photo of Mike DeMoss, Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Mike DeMoss
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Mike specializes in marriage, family, individual and adolescent counseling. He uses the Gottman Method for couple's therapy, Systems Theory for family therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for adult individuals and adolescents. His Christian background gives him a heartfelt desire to help people heal. Mike's compassion, encouragement and enthusiasm allow him to relate to individuals in a way that helps affect positive change in their lives. Visit Mike's blog to read more about marriage and family counseling.
Mike specializes in marriage, family, individual and adolescent counseling. He uses the Gottman Method for couple's therapy, Systems Theory for family therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for adult individuals and adolescents. His Christian background gives him a heartfelt desire to help people heal. Mike's compassion, encouragement and enthusiasm allow him to relate to individuals in a way that helps affect positive change in their lives. Visit Mike's blog to read more about marriage and family counseling.
(480) 725-3726 View (480) 725-3726
Photo of Matthew Rosenkilde - Dynamis Counseling LLC, Counselor, LPC, BHP
Dynamis Counseling LLC
Counselor, LPC, BHP
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85210
We strive to meet people where they are and help identify where their potential could take them. Our focus is on increasing awareness and understanding of self. We work with people to draw on and build upon their existing strengths. We work with you to establish a plan to help get you from where you are to where to where you want to be. We use the theoretical orientation of humanistic-existentialism as the center to our approach to quality clinical care.
We strive to meet people where they are and help identify where their potential could take them. Our focus is on increasing awareness and understanding of self. We work with people to draw on and build upon their existing strengths. We work with you to establish a plan to help get you from where you are to where to where you want to be. We use the theoretical orientation of humanistic-existentialism as the center to our approach to quality clinical care.
(480) 780-3729 View (480) 780-3729
Photo of Jeff Skeens, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT , CCTP, MDiv
Jeff Skeens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT , CCTP, MDiv
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
You’ve tried traditional talk therapy, self-help books, maybe even medication, exercise and diet changes, but something still feels off. You’re stuck in emotional cycles—anxiety, depression, or disconnection that won’t let go. Maybe you and your partner keep having the same arguments, or past trauma lingers, shaping your reactions in ways you don’t fully understand. You feel frustrated, like you “should” be fine, but something is still unresolved. You’re ready for transformation, a deeper knowing of your true self, not just coping or surviving. You want lasting change that helps you move forward with clarity, love and purpose.
You’ve tried traditional talk therapy, self-help books, maybe even medication, exercise and diet changes, but something still feels off. You’re stuck in emotional cycles—anxiety, depression, or disconnection that won’t let go. Maybe you and your partner keep having the same arguments, or past trauma lingers, shaping your reactions in ways you don’t fully understand. You feel frustrated, like you “should” be fine, but something is still unresolved. You’re ready for transformation, a deeper knowing of your true self, not just coping or surviving. You want lasting change that helps you move forward with clarity, love and purpose.
(602) 584-7670 View (602) 584-7670
Photo of Alison R Niesen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alison R Niesen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chandler, AZ 85226
Are you someone who values holistic health and personal growth but struggles to apply those principles in your own life? You may have all the knowledge—practicing mindfulness, maintaining balance, prioritizing self-care—but find it challenging to integrate these practices consistently, especially during stressful times. Perhaps you’re navigating a major life transition, facing anxiety or depression, or working through past trauma. Maybe you’re struggling with infertility, pregnancy, or adjusting to new parenthood and feel overwhelmed, isolated, or emotionally drained.
Are you someone who values holistic health and personal growth but struggles to apply those principles in your own life? You may have all the knowledge—practicing mindfulness, maintaining balance, prioritizing self-care—but find it challenging to integrate these practices consistently, especially during stressful times. Perhaps you’re navigating a major life transition, facing anxiety or depression, or working through past trauma. Maybe you’re struggling with infertility, pregnancy, or adjusting to new parenthood and feel overwhelmed, isolated, or emotionally drained.
(480) 351-4575 View (480) 351-4575
Photo of Emdr For Complex Stress Tara A Scala, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emdr For Complex Stress Tara A Scala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m glad you’re here! If you have ever connected so deeply with a negative belief, as if it's always been there, or experienced difficulty opening up to others, we may be a good fit to work together. You don't have to continue living your life feeling disconnected. I know that this work is vulnerable, because I’ve been there too. I enjoy doing deep work with my clients to get to the root of what feels stuck. My goal is to collaborate with you to clear traumatic events and explore patterns, so the same stuff doesn't keep coming up for you. I hope you will connect with me to take the first step in your healing journey.
I’m glad you’re here! If you have ever connected so deeply with a negative belief, as if it's always been there, or experienced difficulty opening up to others, we may be a good fit to work together. You don't have to continue living your life feeling disconnected. I know that this work is vulnerable, because I’ve been there too. I enjoy doing deep work with my clients to get to the root of what feels stuck. My goal is to collaborate with you to clear traumatic events and explore patterns, so the same stuff doesn't keep coming up for you. I hope you will connect with me to take the first step in your healing journey.
(480) 386-6173 View (480) 386-6173

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85038

< 10

Therapists in 85038 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
75% Depression
75% Behavioral Issues
75% Stress
50% Relationship Issues
50% Trauma and PTSD
50% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

21 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 85038 see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85038?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.