Therapists in 85020

Photo of Kelly Hurley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Kelly Hurley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Have you tried to stop the worry thoughts, but they just multiply? Do you have anxiety that comes out of the blue to swamp you? Have you lost interest in the things you used to enjoy? Maybe you’ve tried so many things that the shame of nothing working weighs you down. These attacks feel like they will never end and you wish you could escape into sleep forever. Let me help you stop suffering and start living again. You can start creating that life you have been dreaming about!
Have you tried to stop the worry thoughts, but they just multiply? Do you have anxiety that comes out of the blue to swamp you? Have you lost interest in the things you used to enjoy? Maybe you’ve tried so many things that the shame of nothing working weighs you down. These attacks feel like they will never end and you wish you could escape into sleep forever. Let me help you stop suffering and start living again. You can start creating that life you have been dreaming about!
(480) 351-4773 View (480) 351-4773
Photo of Julia Woodford, Counselor, LAC
Julia Woodford
Counselor, LAC
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Trauma leaves us feeling constantly fearful or numb. The stress and tension in our bodies persist even when there is "nothing wrong." You may be exhausted from feeling this way but powerless to change because no one seems to understand, and nothing seems to work. Whether you have been to countless medical professionals, or this is your first-time considering therapy, you are ready for some relief. You are ready to let go of anxiety and depression dictating your choices. You are ready to wake up in the morning with a sense of hope rather than dread. You are ready to like the person you see in the mirror.
Trauma leaves us feeling constantly fearful or numb. The stress and tension in our bodies persist even when there is "nothing wrong." You may be exhausted from feeling this way but powerless to change because no one seems to understand, and nothing seems to work. Whether you have been to countless medical professionals, or this is your first-time considering therapy, you are ready for some relief. You are ready to let go of anxiety and depression dictating your choices. You are ready to wake up in the morning with a sense of hope rather than dread. You are ready to like the person you see in the mirror.
(602) 894-9365 View (602) 894-9365
Photo of Joseph A Gentry - Gentry Pediatric Behavioral Services, PLLC, Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA
Gentry Pediatric Behavioral Services, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Dr. Joseph Gentry obtained his doctoral degree from Illinois State University, with a specialization in consultation, assessment, and developmental disabilities. Dr. Gentry and his wife, Sarah, opened Gentry PBS in 2008 to provide a wide range of services to children in the Phoenix Metro area. Gentry Pediatric Behavioral Services is a multi-disciplinary private practice that brings psychologists, behavior analysts, and speech and language pathologists together. We are devoted to conducting *gold standard* diagnostic evaluations and providing comprehensive treatment options for children and families dealing with childhood struggles.
Dr. Joseph Gentry obtained his doctoral degree from Illinois State University, with a specialization in consultation, assessment, and developmental disabilities. Dr. Gentry and his wife, Sarah, opened Gentry PBS in 2008 to provide a wide range of services to children in the Phoenix Metro area. Gentry Pediatric Behavioral Services is a multi-disciplinary private practice that brings psychologists, behavior analysts, and speech and language pathologists together. We are devoted to conducting *gold standard* diagnostic evaluations and providing comprehensive treatment options for children and families dealing with childhood struggles.
(602) 714-2424 View (602) 714-2424
Photo of Steven Beck, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Steven Beck
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Since 2017, Steven has been a dedicated professional in behavioral health, gaining experience in outpatient care, detox programs, and private practice. He takes a compassionate, person-centered approach, meeting clients where they are and using evidence-based techniques like CBT and DBT to support lasting change. Outside of work, Steven enjoys reading, fitness, and research, continually striving for personal and professional growth to better serve his clients.
Since 2017, Steven has been a dedicated professional in behavioral health, gaining experience in outpatient care, detox programs, and private practice. He takes a compassionate, person-centered approach, meeting clients where they are and using evidence-based techniques like CBT and DBT to support lasting change. Outside of work, Steven enjoys reading, fitness, and research, continually striving for personal and professional growth to better serve his clients.
(602) 483-6009 View (602) 483-6009
Photo of Lindsay Mills, Psychologist, PhD
Lindsay Mills
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Does it ever feel like stuff from your past keeps creeping in without a welcomed invitation? As if that wasn't enough to deal with, the more you try to push it away, the longer it seems to stay. Maybe you're here because you wish that you could be kinder to yourself. Time and time again you notice that you are understanding towards others but pretty harsh when it comes to similar things in your world. Others see you as talented and high achieving, but you keep feeling the urge to shy away from things and second guess yourself along the way. If any of this sounds familiar, I am here to help!
Does it ever feel like stuff from your past keeps creeping in without a welcomed invitation? As if that wasn't enough to deal with, the more you try to push it away, the longer it seems to stay. Maybe you're here because you wish that you could be kinder to yourself. Time and time again you notice that you are understanding towards others but pretty harsh when it comes to similar things in your world. Others see you as talented and high achieving, but you keep feeling the urge to shy away from things and second guess yourself along the way. If any of this sounds familiar, I am here to help!
(602) 345-1851 View (602) 345-1851
Photo of Gwen Jones, Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC, CYMHS
Gwen Jones
Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC, CYMHS
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Hello! I’m Gwen, and my passion is supporting children, teens, and their families as they navigate life’s challenges. I work with clients who may be struggling with emotional difficulties, behavioral concerns, or the lasting impact of trauma. I understand that these challenges can disrupt the family system, creating confusion and strain. My goal is to provide a safe, encouraging space where healing and growth are possible.
Hello! I’m Gwen, and my passion is supporting children, teens, and their families as they navigate life’s challenges. I work with clients who may be struggling with emotional difficulties, behavioral concerns, or the lasting impact of trauma. I understand that these challenges can disrupt the family system, creating confusion and strain. My goal is to provide a safe, encouraging space where healing and growth are possible.
(602) 637-1681 View (602) 637-1681
Photo of Adrianne Gallucci, Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Adrianne Gallucci
Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Phoenix, AZ 85020
For adults, I provide: comprehensive neurocognitive assessments, capacity evaluations (finances, medical decisions, consent to treatment, living independently), pre-surgery evaluations (neuromodulation, bariatric, amputation), Fitness for Duty evaluations, ADHD, Autism, and psychological evaluations. For children over 6, I provide ADHD, Autism, intellectual functioning, and psychological assessments. I also provide psychotherapy for adults and couples.
For adults, I provide: comprehensive neurocognitive assessments, capacity evaluations (finances, medical decisions, consent to treatment, living independently), pre-surgery evaluations (neuromodulation, bariatric, amputation), Fitness for Duty evaluations, ADHD, Autism, and psychological evaluations. For children over 6, I provide ADHD, Autism, intellectual functioning, and psychological assessments. I also provide psychotherapy for adults and couples.
(602) 641-3203 View (602) 641-3203
Photo of Keren Poirier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Keren Poirier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Do you want to learn how to have a healthier relationship with yourself? Does it seem like you are repeating the same behaviors and unsure of how to break free from them? Are you struggling to identify what is holding you back? Finding the right therapist that you feel comfortable with can be difficult. My approach is person-centered and strengths-based. I’m here to meet you where you’re at and work with you at your own pace.
Do you want to learn how to have a healthier relationship with yourself? Does it seem like you are repeating the same behaviors and unsure of how to break free from them? Are you struggling to identify what is holding you back? Finding the right therapist that you feel comfortable with can be difficult. My approach is person-centered and strengths-based. I’m here to meet you where you’re at and work with you at your own pace.
(623) 267-9103 View (623) 267-9103
Photo of Holly Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Holly Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
9 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
My mission is to help you heal, grow, & thrive through compassionate and effective counseling. Whether you're navigating social anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, disordered eating, or trauma, you deserve recovery, education, & a fulfilling life. With extensive experience in all levels of care for eating disorders—including inpatient all the way to outpatient. I am trained in EMDR, I am equipped to guide you in processing trauma & achieving lasting recovery. My holistic approach focuses on healing all aspects of your life to help you find balance & manage life's challenges with the appropriate skills.
My mission is to help you heal, grow, & thrive through compassionate and effective counseling. Whether you're navigating social anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, disordered eating, or trauma, you deserve recovery, education, & a fulfilling life. With extensive experience in all levels of care for eating disorders—including inpatient all the way to outpatient. I am trained in EMDR, I am equipped to guide you in processing trauma & achieving lasting recovery. My holistic approach focuses on healing all aspects of your life to help you find balance & manage life's challenges with the appropriate skills.
(480) 631-9184 View (480) 631-9184
Photo of Heather Hillenbrand, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Heather Hillenbrand
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
As a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I believe it is each person's birthright to have the knowledge, understanding, and support to achieve freedom of sexual expression. By offering a safe, collaborative, welcoming space, I provide support to individuals, couples, and relationships of all types for challenges within the area of sexuality. I provide a sex-positive therapy room affirming all sexual orientations and relationship types.
As a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I believe it is each person's birthright to have the knowledge, understanding, and support to achieve freedom of sexual expression. By offering a safe, collaborative, welcoming space, I provide support to individuals, couples, and relationships of all types for challenges within the area of sexuality. I provide a sex-positive therapy room affirming all sexual orientations and relationship types.
(480) 637-2185 View (480) 637-2185
Photo of Deborah Shoman - Shoman Center for Stress Management, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shoman Center for Stress Management, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Accepting New Clients. In person and online. I was trained in New York and have over 25 years of experience. I believe that you are, and always will be, the foremost expert on you. My approach is very direct, honest, and specifically tailored to your needs. The most important part of the therapeutic experience is our working relationship. I will work as your partner through the entire therapeutic process. I also believe that humor can sometimes be an asset in our work.
Accepting New Clients. In person and online. I was trained in New York and have over 25 years of experience. I believe that you are, and always will be, the foremost expert on you. My approach is very direct, honest, and specifically tailored to your needs. The most important part of the therapeutic experience is our working relationship. I will work as your partner through the entire therapeutic process. I also believe that humor can sometimes be an asset in our work.
(480) 418-8065 View (480) 418-8065
Photo of Cassie Vallo, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cassie Vallo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Phoenix, AZ 85020
If your intrusive thoughts are running the show, and you’re exhausted from trying to “figure it out,” control it, or make it stop, you’re not alone. And you don’t have to navigate this by yourself. OCD and anxiety can make even the simplest parts of life feel impossible. For many of my clients, this looks like putting off basic tasks, feeling frozen by decisions, avoiding things they actually want (like applying for a job or signing a lease), or struggling to take care of themselves day-to-day. When your brain feels like it’s stuck in overdrive, even taking a shower can feel like climbing a mountain.
If your intrusive thoughts are running the show, and you’re exhausted from trying to “figure it out,” control it, or make it stop, you’re not alone. And you don’t have to navigate this by yourself. OCD and anxiety can make even the simplest parts of life feel impossible. For many of my clients, this looks like putting off basic tasks, feeling frozen by decisions, avoiding things they actually want (like applying for a job or signing a lease), or struggling to take care of themselves day-to-day. When your brain feels like it’s stuck in overdrive, even taking a shower can feel like climbing a mountain.
(602) 854-9824 View (602) 854-9824
Photo of Allison Cogswell, Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP, BHP
Allison Cogswell
Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP, BHP
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Are you looking for a trauma-informed, licensed clinician specializing in working with children, teens, and families impacted by anxiety, OCD, trauma, depression, grief, or coping with life’s challenges? Is your child or family adjusting to divorce, blending families, or school struggles?
Are you looking for a trauma-informed, licensed clinician specializing in working with children, teens, and families impacted by anxiety, OCD, trauma, depression, grief, or coping with life’s challenges? Is your child or family adjusting to divorce, blending families, or school struggles?
(623) 267-8667 View (623) 267-8667
Photo of Jordan Erickson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Jordan Erickson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
I help people who have spent too long silencing their voice and making themselves small; now feeling like their world is going to collapse or even explode. Often overwhelmed and stuck in cycles that won’t change, and not knowing what else to do to make things work. Whether it’s individual, couples, or family therapy, I help break these cycles and help you figure out what’s next. I know that being human is complicated. Relationships, family dynamics, and our inner worlds feel like a lot, especially now, and no one hands us an instruction manual for any of it. I’m here for you — with curiosity, compassion, and a touch of humor.
I help people who have spent too long silencing their voice and making themselves small; now feeling like their world is going to collapse or even explode. Often overwhelmed and stuck in cycles that won’t change, and not knowing what else to do to make things work. Whether it’s individual, couples, or family therapy, I help break these cycles and help you figure out what’s next. I know that being human is complicated. Relationships, family dynamics, and our inner worlds feel like a lot, especially now, and no one hands us an instruction manual for any of it. I’m here for you — with curiosity, compassion, and a touch of humor.
(480) 712-4145 View (480) 712-4145
Photo of Alicia Coleman, LPC
Alicia Coleman
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Welcome, I’m Alicia, I have 8 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults across inpatient and outpatient settings. I work best with clients facing high-stress, crisis, trauma, forensic, anger, or behavioral challenges. My ideal clients are those who feel stuck, misunderstood, or overwhelmed by past experiences and want real, honest support. They seek clarity, stability, accountability, and meaningful change; often after systems or relationships have failed them.
Welcome, I’m Alicia, I have 8 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults across inpatient and outpatient settings. I work best with clients facing high-stress, crisis, trauma, forensic, anger, or behavioral challenges. My ideal clients are those who feel stuck, misunderstood, or overwhelmed by past experiences and want real, honest support. They seek clarity, stability, accountability, and meaningful change; often after systems or relationships have failed them.
(602) 854-8556 View (602) 854-8556
Photo of Alaina Vacco, PA-C
Alaina Vacco
Not Verified Not Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85020
I am a PA who has been practicing since 2013. While I have a strong background in family medicine, my passion lies with focusing on the emotional wellness of a person. I am passionate about creating a comprehensive approach toward one's psychological health and playing a key role in coordinating that care plan.
I am a PA who has been practicing since 2013. While I have a strong background in family medicine, my passion lies with focusing on the emotional wellness of a person. I am passionate about creating a comprehensive approach toward one's psychological health and playing a key role in coordinating that care plan.
(623) 292-3007 View (623) 292-3007
Photo of Elaine Evans, Counselor, MS, LPC
Elaine Evans
Counselor, MS, LPC
26 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Many of the clients I work with tell me that life looks good on paper, but it doesn’t feel that way on the inside. They’re successful and hardworking, but often feel worn out or disconnected—especially in their relationships. They’re tired of trying so hard to feel happy. Often, they wonder if their past is still shaping how they feel today—and sometimes, they start to lose hope that things can really change. But deep down, they know they’re ready for relief, to feel more confident in themselves, and to connect more meaningfully with the people in their lives. If this resonates, I'm glad you found me!
Many of the clients I work with tell me that life looks good on paper, but it doesn’t feel that way on the inside. They’re successful and hardworking, but often feel worn out or disconnected—especially in their relationships. They’re tired of trying so hard to feel happy. Often, they wonder if their past is still shaping how they feel today—and sometimes, they start to lose hope that things can really change. But deep down, they know they’re ready for relief, to feel more confident in themselves, and to connect more meaningfully with the people in their lives. If this resonates, I'm glad you found me!
(480) 372-8562 View (480) 372-8562
Photo of Lorie Sirola, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC
Lorie Sirola
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Life is difficult! Traumatic events can stop rich joyful, productive lives, I can help you change that! Restore joy, trust and confidence. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Independent Substance Abuse Counselor with a certificate of advanced studies in Trauma, Abuse & Deprivation. Each and every person is created unique and gifted in different areas.​ ​ Everyone has unprocessed Trauma, some large & some seemingly small. Any of which can cause depression, fear, anger, anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, substance/alcohol abuse & much more. Transformation is what I do.
Life is difficult! Traumatic events can stop rich joyful, productive lives, I can help you change that! Restore joy, trust and confidence. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Independent Substance Abuse Counselor with a certificate of advanced studies in Trauma, Abuse & Deprivation. Each and every person is created unique and gifted in different areas.​ ​ Everyone has unprocessed Trauma, some large & some seemingly small. Any of which can cause depression, fear, anger, anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, substance/alcohol abuse & much more. Transformation is what I do.
(602) 223-1604 View (602) 223-1604
Photo of Vanessa Bobadilla, Counselor, LAC
Vanessa Bobadilla
Counselor, LAC
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
I am taking new patients! If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, stuck in self-criticism, or disconnected from others, you’re not alone. Through a person-centered lens, my approach is collaborative, grounded in compassion and respect for your lived experience. Clients often describe me as warm, grounded, and direct—with a focus on empowerment and self-compassion. My role isn’t to “fix” you—it’s to support you in uncovering your strengths, building resilience, and creating a life that feels more aligned and authentic. I believe the most integral component in the therapeutic process is the moment a client feels understood.
I am taking new patients! If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, stuck in self-criticism, or disconnected from others, you’re not alone. Through a person-centered lens, my approach is collaborative, grounded in compassion and respect for your lived experience. Clients often describe me as warm, grounded, and direct—with a focus on empowerment and self-compassion. My role isn’t to “fix” you—it’s to support you in uncovering your strengths, building resilience, and creating a life that feels more aligned and authentic. I believe the most integral component in the therapeutic process is the moment a client feels understood.
(623) 455-6866 View (623) 455-6866
Photo of Kerri Garner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Kerri Garner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Do you feel overwhelmed by your child’s emotional outbursts, opposition, or struggles with self-regulation? Many parents of children with trauma, neurodiversity, or difficult life experiences can relate to the exhaustion and frustration of trying to manage challenging behaviors. It can feel like you’re caught in a never-ending cycle of conflict, with little to no relief. But imagine if you didn’t have to feel this way. Picture your family experiencing moments of joy, connection, and mutual understanding—even during stressful times. This is possible, and it starts with learning new ways to connect and co-regulate with your child.
Do you feel overwhelmed by your child’s emotional outbursts, opposition, or struggles with self-regulation? Many parents of children with trauma, neurodiversity, or difficult life experiences can relate to the exhaustion and frustration of trying to manage challenging behaviors. It can feel like you’re caught in a never-ending cycle of conflict, with little to no relief. But imagine if you didn’t have to feel this way. Picture your family experiencing moments of joy, connection, and mutual understanding—even during stressful times. This is possible, and it starts with learning new ways to connect and co-regulate with your child.
(602) 755-8879 View (602) 755-8879

See more therapy options for 85020

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85020

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 85020 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
67% Stress
51% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 85020 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85020?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.