Therapists in 84029

Photo of Tenesha Conley, Master Social Worker, MSW, CSW
Tenesha Conley
Master Social Worker, MSW, CSW
Grantsville, UT 84029
Imagine being a youth or young adult burdened by past trauma and behavioral struggles. You might feel overwhelmed, lost in your emotions, and uncertain about your path forward. You need a safe, understanding space to explore your feelings, effective tools to manage your emotions, and compassionate guidance to navigate life's challenges. You dream of healing, building resilience, and finding a positive path forward, seeking support to regain control, understand yourself better, and build a hopeful future.
Imagine being a youth or young adult burdened by past trauma and behavioral struggles. You might feel overwhelmed, lost in your emotions, and uncertain about your path forward. You need a safe, understanding space to explore your feelings, effective tools to manage your emotions, and compassionate guidance to navigate life's challenges. You dream of healing, building resilience, and finding a positive path forward, seeking support to regain control, understand yourself better, and build a hopeful future.
(435) 266-0542 View (435) 266-0542
Photo of David W Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
David W Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Grantsville, UT 84029
Trauma is timeless. Even though it happened a long time ago, it can feel as though it is happening now. Trauma can negatively impact every part of your life. Even a simple trip to the grocery store can feel overwhelming. Work can feel impossible and few people understand. I feel a special connection to anyone with trauma because I have experienced trauma of my own. You are going to feel cared for and validated.
Trauma is timeless. Even though it happened a long time ago, it can feel as though it is happening now. Trauma can negatively impact every part of your life. Even a simple trip to the grocery store can feel overwhelming. Work can feel impossible and few people understand. I feel a special connection to anyone with trauma because I have experienced trauma of my own. You are going to feel cared for and validated.
(435) 535-0716 View (435) 535-0716
Photo of Haylee Bladen - WholeKids Emotional Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
WholeKids Emotional Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Serves Area
At our clinic we specialize in working with kids, tweens, teens and young adults who experience depression, anxiety, self worth issues, motivational challenges, impulsivity, anger, communication issues, family conflict, trauma, bullying, peer and media pressure, school challenges, friendship issues, social isolation, technology compulsions and much more.
At our clinic we specialize in working with kids, tweens, teens and young adults who experience depression, anxiety, self worth issues, motivational challenges, impulsivity, anger, communication issues, family conflict, trauma, bullying, peer and media pressure, school challenges, friendship issues, social isolation, technology compulsions and much more.
(435) 412-9579 View (435) 412-9579
Photo of Sherry Sorensen, Counselor, ACMHC
Sherry Sorensen
Counselor, ACMHC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I personally understand the strength and courage it requires to ask for help. I am dedicated to creating a safe space for you to work through the challenges you are facing. My commitment to you is to work with you collaboratively and compassionately as you reclaim your life, discover your meaning, and find fulfillment. My passion lies in supporting individuals, couples, kids and families as they embark on a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. I view each person as a unique individual, capable of navigating life’s challenges and discovering their own capacity for joy and purpose.
I personally understand the strength and courage it requires to ask for help. I am dedicated to creating a safe space for you to work through the challenges you are facing. My commitment to you is to work with you collaboratively and compassionately as you reclaim your life, discover your meaning, and find fulfillment. My passion lies in supporting individuals, couples, kids and families as they embark on a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. I view each person as a unique individual, capable of navigating life’s challenges and discovering their own capacity for joy and purpose.
(385) 213-8492 View (385) 213-8492
Photo of Rebecka Hanson, Counselor, MA, ACMHC, RDN
Rebecka Hanson
Counselor, MA, ACMHC, RDN
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you carrying pain from your past that feels too heavy to bear alone? So many of us struggle with feeling like we are "not enough". It's a constant battle to face each day with a smile, pretending everything is okay when deep down we are falling apart. Whether you're struggling with trauma that keeps replaying in your mind, anxiety that makes daily life feel overwhelming, or depression that has stolen your joy. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to feel successful, loved, and capable. By harnessing your personal strengths and breaking down negative thought patterns I aim to equip you with the tools to truly help you thrive.
Are you carrying pain from your past that feels too heavy to bear alone? So many of us struggle with feeling like we are "not enough". It's a constant battle to face each day with a smile, pretending everything is okay when deep down we are falling apart. Whether you're struggling with trauma that keeps replaying in your mind, anxiety that makes daily life feel overwhelming, or depression that has stolen your joy. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to feel successful, loved, and capable. By harnessing your personal strengths and breaking down negative thought patterns I aim to equip you with the tools to truly help you thrive.
(435) 485-2655 View (435) 485-2655
Photo of Olivia Pacheco, Counselor, CMHC
Olivia Pacheco
Counselor, CMHC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Balancing life’s responsibilities can be overwhelming, it’s natural to seek support. I empathize with the human experience, which drives my passion for guiding clients toward a purpose-filled life. Whether facing a temporary crisis or seeking skills for balance, I provide a safe, supportive space. I recognize that work pressures, financial strain, family conflicts, and relationship issues can feel daunting. My role is to empower you to enhance self-awareness, develop insights, and learn healthy coping strategies, enabling positive change and growth. I look forward to supporting you on this journey.
Balancing life’s responsibilities can be overwhelming, it’s natural to seek support. I empathize with the human experience, which drives my passion for guiding clients toward a purpose-filled life. Whether facing a temporary crisis or seeking skills for balance, I provide a safe, supportive space. I recognize that work pressures, financial strain, family conflicts, and relationship issues can feel daunting. My role is to empower you to enhance self-awareness, develop insights, and learn healthy coping strategies, enabling positive change and growth. I look forward to supporting you on this journey.
(435) 292-3095 View (435) 292-3095
Photo of Ashley Hanson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Hanson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that every client already has the solutions to their own challenges, and I’m merely a mirror to reflect to you, your own greatness. If you are tired of suffering, feeling sad, lost, unheard and unseen. Just know that I will see you, I will hear you and I am here for you. There is no challenge we can't get through together!
I believe that every client already has the solutions to their own challenges, and I’m merely a mirror to reflect to you, your own greatness. If you are tired of suffering, feeling sad, lost, unheard and unseen. Just know that I will see you, I will hear you and I am here for you. There is no challenge we can't get through together!
(435) 938-6301 View (435) 938-6301
Photo of Daniel Eldredge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Daniel Eldredge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Now Accepting Tooele Optum Medicaid. Juniper Counseling provides specialized counseling for individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and life stressors. Knowing that each situation is unique, counseling is tailored to your specific needs. We focus on a person-centered approach that utilizes evidenced-based treatments such as: EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness, Brief-Solution-Focused, and Motivational Interviewing.
Now Accepting Tooele Optum Medicaid. Juniper Counseling provides specialized counseling for individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and life stressors. Knowing that each situation is unique, counseling is tailored to your specific needs. We focus on a person-centered approach that utilizes evidenced-based treatments such as: EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness, Brief-Solution-Focused, and Motivational Interviewing.
(435) 261-9924 View (435) 261-9924
Photo of Jason Hales, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jason Hales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
A Commitment to You: Provide a Confidential, supportive and safe environment. Assist our clients in developing more fulfilling rewarding relationships Help our clients gain confidence in themselves and their abilities. Empower our clients to develop new solutions to the challenges they face.
A Commitment to You: Provide a Confidential, supportive and safe environment. Assist our clients in developing more fulfilling rewarding relationships Help our clients gain confidence in themselves and their abilities. Empower our clients to develop new solutions to the challenges they face.
(435) 580-4601 View (435) 580-4601
Photo of Jim Shelton - Deseret Peak Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Deseret Peak Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I have been a practicing therapist for over 35 years and still love what I do. I specialize in depression, anxiety and marital problems for adults and teens. I have a had a lot of success with cognitive-behavioral therapy but borrow from many different therapies. I really believe in mindfulness meditation and I practice it and teach it to my clients. After practicing for so many years I have a lot of confidence in what I do. I am willing to take on the most difficult cases. Give me a try and I will not let you down.
I have been a practicing therapist for over 35 years and still love what I do. I specialize in depression, anxiety and marital problems for adults and teens. I have a had a lot of success with cognitive-behavioral therapy but borrow from many different therapies. I really believe in mindfulness meditation and I practice it and teach it to my clients. After practicing for so many years I have a lot of confidence in what I do. I am willing to take on the most difficult cases. Give me a try and I will not let you down.
(435) 625-0862 View (435) 625-0862
Photo of Tara D Adamson, Counselor, LCMHC
Tara D Adamson
Counselor, LCMHC
Online Only
Hello, I’m so glad you’re here! I specialize in complex trauma and grief, and it is my deep honor to work with clients as they recover, move beyond difficulties, and find peace and integration. Together, we’ll explore how to navigate your healing journey in a safe, supportive environment. I particularly enjoy working with creative minds of all ages, helping them to reconnect with their passions while also finding ways to heal and thrive. If you’re looking for support, I’m currently contracted with Headway and TAVA platforms. You can check to see if your EAP or insurance covers those platforms!
Hello, I’m so glad you’re here! I specialize in complex trauma and grief, and it is my deep honor to work with clients as they recover, move beyond difficulties, and find peace and integration. Together, we’ll explore how to navigate your healing journey in a safe, supportive environment. I particularly enjoy working with creative minds of all ages, helping them to reconnect with their passions while also finding ways to heal and thrive. If you’re looking for support, I’m currently contracted with Headway and TAVA platforms. You can check to see if your EAP or insurance covers those platforms!
(801) 509-9552 View (801) 509-9552
Photo of Raini W. Heap, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Raini W. Heap
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Do you struggle with anxiety or depression? Are you challenged by a faith transition or a marriage/family relationship issue, or facing loss and grief? Perhaps you have experienced a traumatic event and find it difficult to move forward? If you have ever felt discouraged or hopeless, I can help guide you along your journey in finding resolution, peace, and healing as we work through your personal struggles and unique challenges. Guiding you towards reaching the goal of health, hope, and healing in your life, I will offer you tools to help you learn the skills that can improve your life and overall sense of well-being.
Do you struggle with anxiety or depression? Are you challenged by a faith transition or a marriage/family relationship issue, or facing loss and grief? Perhaps you have experienced a traumatic event and find it difficult to move forward? If you have ever felt discouraged or hopeless, I can help guide you along your journey in finding resolution, peace, and healing as we work through your personal struggles and unique challenges. Guiding you towards reaching the goal of health, hope, and healing in your life, I will offer you tools to help you learn the skills that can improve your life and overall sense of well-being.
(435) 363-3281 View (435) 363-3281
Photo of Michelle Main - Pebble Creek Counseling Center, Counselor, CMHC
Pebble Creek Counseling Center
Counselor, CMHC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Hi folks- my name is Michelle Main. I have worked in the human service field for over 20 years with the last several as a CMHC. I have 10 years experience with DCFS which gave me a strong background in working with children and trauma. I have several years experience with addiction and relapse prevention as well as domestic violence, grief, depression and anxiety. I use a integrative approach to counseling. I enjoy working with adults, children, adolescents couples and individuals. I am a strong believer in having hope as a strong base for any therapeutic relationship.
Hi folks- my name is Michelle Main. I have worked in the human service field for over 20 years with the last several as a CMHC. I have 10 years experience with DCFS which gave me a strong background in working with children and trauma. I have several years experience with addiction and relapse prevention as well as domestic violence, grief, depression and anxiety. I use a integrative approach to counseling. I enjoy working with adults, children, adolescents couples and individuals. I am a strong believer in having hope as a strong base for any therapeutic relationship.
(435) 238-4781 View (435) 238-4781
Photo of Shawna Jean Gillen - Healing Heart Center for Meaningful Change, LLC, Clinical Mental Health Counselor, CMHC
Healing Heart Center for Meaningful Change, LLC
Clinical Mental Health Counselor, CMHC
Online Only
Hi, my name is Shawna Gillen. I work to create a safe compassionate and therapeutic environment in which a client can feel seen, heard and valued as an individual. I use a variety of techniques to empower clients to work toward understanding and changing maladaptive patterns and cycles, learn coping skills for mood management and begin to heal from trauma, loss and other painful life experiences. I am currently offering Telehealth sessions only.
Hi, my name is Shawna Gillen. I work to create a safe compassionate and therapeutic environment in which a client can feel seen, heard and valued as an individual. I use a variety of techniques to empower clients to work toward understanding and changing maladaptive patterns and cycles, learn coping skills for mood management and begin to heal from trauma, loss and other painful life experiences. I am currently offering Telehealth sessions only.
(435) 704-9372 View (435) 704-9372

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rebecca Laws, Counselor, CMHC
Rebecca Laws
Counselor, CMHC
Sandy, UT 84070
Ever feel like a part of you is stuck in the past? Experience a sense of not fitting in? Or, maybe intrusive thoughts and triggering emotions are hijacking your time and functioning? You may be having a normal response to an abnormal experience. Acknowledging any of these symptoms can cause parts of you to feel overwhelmed, anxious, or shut down. If you’re struggling with trauma, abuse, family relationship problems, or grief, I can help. I help people heal from PTSD, family of origin problems, abuse, learning to connect with others, and discover themselves. Facing the past, living in the present, and hope for the future can happen.
Ever feel like a part of you is stuck in the past? Experience a sense of not fitting in? Or, maybe intrusive thoughts and triggering emotions are hijacking your time and functioning? You may be having a normal response to an abnormal experience. Acknowledging any of these symptoms can cause parts of you to feel overwhelmed, anxious, or shut down. If you’re struggling with trauma, abuse, family relationship problems, or grief, I can help. I help people heal from PTSD, family of origin problems, abuse, learning to connect with others, and discover themselves. Facing the past, living in the present, and hope for the future can happen.
(385) 644-1509 View (385) 644-1509
Photo of David Guadarrama, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
David Guadarrama
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
West Jordan, UT 84081
You might be feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, trapped in cycles of depression, or reliving past traumas. You may be seeking relief from the weight of negative thoughts, healthier ways to cope with stress, and tools to feel grounded again. Our goal in therapy isn’t just to help you “fix” a problem—it’s to reclaim your confidence, strengthen relationships, and live a life aligned with your values. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where your story is heard and your strengths are recognized. Together, we’ll untangle what’s holding you back and help you move forward with clarity and purpose.
You might be feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, trapped in cycles of depression, or reliving past traumas. You may be seeking relief from the weight of negative thoughts, healthier ways to cope with stress, and tools to feel grounded again. Our goal in therapy isn’t just to help you “fix” a problem—it’s to reclaim your confidence, strengthen relationships, and live a life aligned with your values. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where your story is heard and your strengths are recognized. Together, we’ll untangle what’s holding you back and help you move forward with clarity and purpose.
(385) 595-5436 View (385) 595-5436
Photo of Aubree Baer, Pre-Licensed Professional
Aubree Baer
Pre-Licensed Professional
Midvale, UT 84047
Support that meets you where you are, not where others expect you to be. You're not alone and you don’t have to figure it out on your own. Many of the clients I support are working through addiction, recovery, and major life transitions while trying to build a more stable, fulfilling life. Our clinic believes mental health care should be accessible to everyone - not a luxury reserved for those who can afford it. You may not have all of the answers right now but If you’re ready for support, I’m here to walk alongside you toward hope, healing, and meaningful change. Your future is bigger than your past.
Support that meets you where you are, not where others expect you to be. You're not alone and you don’t have to figure it out on your own. Many of the clients I support are working through addiction, recovery, and major life transitions while trying to build a more stable, fulfilling life. Our clinic believes mental health care should be accessible to everyone - not a luxury reserved for those who can afford it. You may not have all of the answers right now but If you’re ready for support, I’m here to walk alongside you toward hope, healing, and meaningful change. Your future is bigger than your past.
(385) 438-3832 View (385) 438-3832
Photo of Tracy Powers, Pre-Licensed Professional, LAMFT
Tracy Powers
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAMFT
6 Endorsed
South Jordan, UT 84095
Are you looking to gain traction on the problems that have been getting in the way of the relationships and life you envision for yourself? I am dedicated to creating a safe, warm, and collaborative environment free of judgment where you feel seen, heard, and ready to explore what therapy offers. I'm here in your corner to help you identify your strengths and resources while asking good questions that help you take a deeper look and gain insights. No one lives in a vacuum. Together, let's look at the whole picture. I look forward to connecting with you and would be honored to walk with you in your journey towards growth and healing.
Are you looking to gain traction on the problems that have been getting in the way of the relationships and life you envision for yourself? I am dedicated to creating a safe, warm, and collaborative environment free of judgment where you feel seen, heard, and ready to explore what therapy offers. I'm here in your corner to help you identify your strengths and resources while asking good questions that help you take a deeper look and gain insights. No one lives in a vacuum. Together, let's look at the whole picture. I look forward to connecting with you and would be honored to walk with you in your journey towards growth and healing.
(385) 462-7292 View (385) 462-7292
Photo of Wendy Whitley Francis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Wendy Whitley Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Riverton, UT 84096
Wendy Francis has been providing mental health therapy for children, adolescents, adults, and families since 1999. She uses a variety of therapeutic techniques with individuals, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Child Directed Play Therapy, Sand Tray Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Trauma Focused CBT, and Insight Oriented Therapy as well as others. Wendy works with families using various family therapy techniques and focuses on helping the whole family improve functioning.
Wendy Francis has been providing mental health therapy for children, adolescents, adults, and families since 1999. She uses a variety of therapeutic techniques with individuals, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Child Directed Play Therapy, Sand Tray Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Trauma Focused CBT, and Insight Oriented Therapy as well as others. Wendy works with families using various family therapy techniques and focuses on helping the whole family improve functioning.
(385) 832-7877 View (385) 832-7877
Photo of Leah Huhnke, Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
Leah Huhnke
Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Dr. Huhnke offers comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological testing services for children, adolescents, and adults in Salt Lake City, Utah and surrounding areas. Testing can include assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Developmental Disabilities, learning disabilities, trauma, parental fitness, and psychosexual risk.
Dr. Huhnke offers comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological testing services for children, adolescents, and adults in Salt Lake City, Utah and surrounding areas. Testing can include assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Developmental Disabilities, learning disabilities, trauma, parental fitness, and psychosexual risk.
(801) 876-4121 View (801) 876-4121

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 84029

10+

Average cost per session

$137

Therapists in 84029 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
93% Relationship Issues
86% Coping Skills
79% Self-Harming
71% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
79% SelectHealth
71% Regence

How Therapists in 84029 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 84029?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.