Therapists in 78213

Photo of Mary A Dom, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Mary A Dom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi! I'm happy to talk about your concerns because it can help clarify what you want and need in your life. I want to give you the expertise, knowledge, and perspective gained through working with people in therapy for over 30 years. As a licensed counselor with experience in providing preteen, teen, couples, and individual counseling, I offer you a warm and accepting environment where being non-judgmental is necessary to make you feel comfortable. Please note I work by telehealth only and my hours are Sunday through Thursday from 7am to 3pm. Please note the number on this page does not accept texts, but you can email or call.
Hi! I'm happy to talk about your concerns because it can help clarify what you want and need in your life. I want to give you the expertise, knowledge, and perspective gained through working with people in therapy for over 30 years. As a licensed counselor with experience in providing preteen, teen, couples, and individual counseling, I offer you a warm and accepting environment where being non-judgmental is necessary to make you feel comfortable. Please note I work by telehealth only and my hours are Sunday through Thursday from 7am to 3pm. Please note the number on this page does not accept texts, but you can email or call.
(210) 978-0987 View (210) 978-0987
Photo of Lavelda Naylor, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT-S, DCC
Lavelda Naylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT-S, DCC
10 Endorsed
Online Only
Meaning in life can be hard to find when we are struggling to just get through each day, and therapy can help. If you feel empty, overwhelmed or lost, please reach out because you don't have to go through it without support. While I work with many issues, I specialize in mood disorders, cluster B personality disorders, adult 'giftedness' /GT issues, low belongingness, polyamory and relationship problems of all types. If you have felt othered or marginalized before, I want to assure you I offer affirming care and operate from an inclusive point of view. Currently accepting new clients for virtual therapy only.
Meaning in life can be hard to find when we are struggling to just get through each day, and therapy can help. If you feel empty, overwhelmed or lost, please reach out because you don't have to go through it without support. While I work with many issues, I specialize in mood disorders, cluster B personality disorders, adult 'giftedness' /GT issues, low belongingness, polyamory and relationship problems of all types. If you have felt othered or marginalized before, I want to assure you I offer affirming care and operate from an inclusive point of view. Currently accepting new clients for virtual therapy only.
(210) 598-5012 View (210) 598-5012
Photo of Elisa Blanco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elisa Blanco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My therapeutic approach emphasizes creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can openly express yourself and feel empowered to work toward your goals. We will work collaboratively to set realistic goals, whether that’s managing anxiety, improving relationships, or navigating life transitions.
My therapeutic approach emphasizes creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can openly express yourself and feel empowered to work toward your goals. We will work collaboratively to set realistic goals, whether that’s managing anxiety, improving relationships, or navigating life transitions.
(210) 879-1797 View (210) 879-1797
Photo of Yocelyn Castellano, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Yocelyn Castellano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
I have over a decade of experience helping individuals and couples heal from relational trauma, reconnect with themselves, and build healthier, more fulfilling relationships. I'm committed to providing culturally affirming, trauma-informed care, with a special focus on serving BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ communities
I have over a decade of experience helping individuals and couples heal from relational trauma, reconnect with themselves, and build healthier, more fulfilling relationships. I'm committed to providing culturally affirming, trauma-informed care, with a special focus on serving BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ communities
(830) 947-5907 View (830) 947-5907
Photo of Michael Owen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Michael Owen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
San Antonio, TX 78213
When people ask you how you’re doing, is the first thing you say, “I’m tired but I’m good” but you know you’re really not. Whether at work or in your home life, when anyone needs help or support of any kind, people rely on you because they know they can count on you. You’ve always put everyone else first. But lately you're exhausted you are all the time, you really need to learn to say no and set some boundaries but you don’t even know where to start. The thought of it makes you feel paralyzed with guilt. But showing up for everyone else is taking a toll. You’ve been cycling between being anxious and depressed.
When people ask you how you’re doing, is the first thing you say, “I’m tired but I’m good” but you know you’re really not. Whether at work or in your home life, when anyone needs help or support of any kind, people rely on you because they know they can count on you. You’ve always put everyone else first. But lately you're exhausted you are all the time, you really need to learn to say no and set some boundaries but you don’t even know where to start. The thought of it makes you feel paralyzed with guilt. But showing up for everyone else is taking a toll. You’ve been cycling between being anxious and depressed.
(210) 871-1172 View (210) 871-1172
Photo of Carolyn Tubbs, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMFT-S
Carolyn Tubbs
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMFT-S
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
I have been a family therapist over 20 years; and such, I work from a systemic or relational orientation, which focuses on mental health concerns within the contexts they occur. I work with individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of mental health and relational concerns, such as depression, important life decisions, spiritual struggles, premarital counseling, marital conflict, communication problems, parenting challenges, family transitions, relationship enhancement, domestic violence, family violence and mid-life transitions.
I have been a family therapist over 20 years; and such, I work from a systemic or relational orientation, which focuses on mental health concerns within the contexts they occur. I work with individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of mental health and relational concerns, such as depression, important life decisions, spiritual struggles, premarital counseling, marital conflict, communication problems, parenting challenges, family transitions, relationship enhancement, domestic violence, family violence and mid-life transitions.
(210) 981-3983 View (210) 981-3983
Photo of Angeleah Newsom, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC A
Angeleah Newsom
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC A
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
I’m Angeleah Newsom, Professional Counselor Associate deeply committed to supporting individuals in their journey toward healing and personal growth. I understand that life can often feel overwhelming. Seeking help is a courageous step. It takes strength to reach out, and I’m here to walk alongside you in this process. I am currently training in EMDR therapy with the EMDR Institute and plan to become certified in 2026. I take healing seriously because we all deserve to love ourselves and our lives.
I’m Angeleah Newsom, Professional Counselor Associate deeply committed to supporting individuals in their journey toward healing and personal growth. I understand that life can often feel overwhelming. Seeking help is a courageous step. It takes strength to reach out, and I’m here to walk alongside you in this process. I am currently training in EMDR therapy with the EMDR Institute and plan to become certified in 2026. I take healing seriously because we all deserve to love ourselves and our lives.
(726) 207-9126 View (726) 207-9126
Photo of Jagee' L Valentine, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LCDC
Jagee' L Valentine
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LCDC
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Coming to therapy can be scary. Most of us have been there. My goal is to help you walk that scary path and find helpful, hopeful, and successful ways to walk that path. You are not broken, I can't "fix" you. I am not that powerful by any measure. My role IS to walk with you, help you find ways to heal and mend that which has caused pain so that YOU can go forward and grow and be that authentic person you so desire to be. We can do this together. Sometimes we just need another perspective, someone who will listen completely, let you know you are heard and deeply valued.
Coming to therapy can be scary. Most of us have been there. My goal is to help you walk that scary path and find helpful, hopeful, and successful ways to walk that path. You are not broken, I can't "fix" you. I am not that powerful by any measure. My role IS to walk with you, help you find ways to heal and mend that which has caused pain so that YOU can go forward and grow and be that authentic person you so desire to be. We can do this together. Sometimes we just need another perspective, someone who will listen completely, let you know you are heard and deeply valued.
(726) 240-7978 View (726) 240-7978
Photo of Salina Loriaux Art Therapist, Art Therapist, MPS, LPC-AT, ATR-BC, CCST-T
Salina Loriaux Art Therapist
Art Therapist, MPS, LPC-AT, ATR-BC, CCST-T
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Salina received her Masters in Creative Arts Therapy from Pratt Institute. She is a Texas Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor, Board Certified Art Therapist and Certified Clinical SandTray Therapist-Trainer specializing in mindfulness, overcoming trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and working with the military. She is a Military Veteran, a member of the American Art Therapy Association, the South Texas Art Therapy Association, and Texas SandTray Association.
Salina received her Masters in Creative Arts Therapy from Pratt Institute. She is a Texas Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor, Board Certified Art Therapist and Certified Clinical SandTray Therapist-Trainer specializing in mindfulness, overcoming trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and working with the military. She is a Military Veteran, a member of the American Art Therapy Association, the South Texas Art Therapy Association, and Texas SandTray Association.
(210) 686-5585 View (210) 686-5585
Photo of Brenda Nash, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brenda Nash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hello! Thank you for reading my profile. I am Brenda Nash, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, CCM, with a decade of experience. I enjoy working with clients motivated to change their circumstances, whether depression, poor confidence, anxiety, or relationship issues. I specialize in Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression, Women's Issues, and Relationship Issues. However, cognitive behavior therapy is my preferred approach. I tend to utilize Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Strength-Based, and Integrative or Integral Psychotherapy. I believe that a therapeutic environment is conducive to positive change.
Hello! Thank you for reading my profile. I am Brenda Nash, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, CCM, with a decade of experience. I enjoy working with clients motivated to change their circumstances, whether depression, poor confidence, anxiety, or relationship issues. I specialize in Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression, Women's Issues, and Relationship Issues. However, cognitive behavior therapy is my preferred approach. I tend to utilize Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Strength-Based, and Integrative or Integral Psychotherapy. I believe that a therapeutic environment is conducive to positive change.
(346) 522-4990 View (346) 522-4990
Photo of Rosie Cantu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Rosie Cantu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
San Antonio, TX 78213
I am a holistic certified sex therapist in the San Antonio area. I offer in person and online sessions to individuals and couples. I am on some insurance panels; however my sex therapy programs are private pay only. In addition to intimacy and sexual struggles I also treat depression, anxiety, grief and NPD survival support. In a session with me expect for us to explore your needs, struggles and strengths. Expect a comfortable, nonjudgmental, safe place for sharing and healing.
I am a holistic certified sex therapist in the San Antonio area. I offer in person and online sessions to individuals and couples. I am on some insurance panels; however my sex therapy programs are private pay only. In addition to intimacy and sexual struggles I also treat depression, anxiety, grief and NPD survival support. In a session with me expect for us to explore your needs, struggles and strengths. Expect a comfortable, nonjudgmental, safe place for sharing and healing.
(210) 899-6298 View (210) 899-6298
Photo of Tracy Leigh Wells, Counselor, LPCC
Tracy Leigh Wells
Counselor, LPCC
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
I am honored to be on this healing journey with you. I would love to assist you with finding new vitality in your life and relationships. I have extensive experience with counseling diverse populations in the areas of trauma, anxiety, impulsivity, dissociative, and depressive symptomology. I can assist with stress management, relational problems, and navigating life adjustments. I have completed the STAR Three Tier Training for Counseling Veterans. I am looking forward to working with military and first responders to assist with trauma processing and adjustments.
I am honored to be on this healing journey with you. I would love to assist you with finding new vitality in your life and relationships. I have extensive experience with counseling diverse populations in the areas of trauma, anxiety, impulsivity, dissociative, and depressive symptomology. I can assist with stress management, relational problems, and navigating life adjustments. I have completed the STAR Three Tier Training for Counseling Veterans. I am looking forward to working with military and first responders to assist with trauma processing and adjustments.
(726) 232-5049 View (726) 232-5049
Photo of April Schoonover, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
April Schoonover
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Online Only
Therapy for women who want to break up with self-doubt, stop people pleasing and heal from the past. You are determined, high achieving, and set high expectations for yourself. You have mastered the art of appearing as if everything is going great, but in reality, you consistently find yourself overthinking every situation and second-guessing yourself. You are a people-pleaser, making it difficult to say no without feeling guilt, and setting boundaries is a foreign concept. You have this intense pressure to do things perfectly to avoid feeling like you don't belong, aka "imposter syndrome."
Therapy for women who want to break up with self-doubt, stop people pleasing and heal from the past. You are determined, high achieving, and set high expectations for yourself. You have mastered the art of appearing as if everything is going great, but in reality, you consistently find yourself overthinking every situation and second-guessing yourself. You are a people-pleaser, making it difficult to say no without feeling guilt, and setting boundaries is a foreign concept. You have this intense pressure to do things perfectly to avoid feeling like you don't belong, aka "imposter syndrome."
(726) 600-8685 View (726) 600-8685
Photo of Ekaterina New, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ekaterina New
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi there! I’m Ekaterina. I believe you have the power to grow, no matter the circumstances. I create a safe space to allow us to learn and explore what is going on in your life. I will help you utilize new approaches to facilitate change. I believe in providing you with a compassionate ear, while providing feedback and encouragement to take action. I hope you and I can find meaning, gain insight, and understanding. We can walk through it together.
Hi there! I’m Ekaterina. I believe you have the power to grow, no matter the circumstances. I create a safe space to allow us to learn and explore what is going on in your life. I will help you utilize new approaches to facilitate change. I believe in providing you with a compassionate ear, while providing feedback and encouragement to take action. I hope you and I can find meaning, gain insight, and understanding. We can walk through it together.
(972) 525-7819 View (972) 525-7819
Photo of Ruth Castillo, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Ruth Castillo
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA
7 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
In my counseling practice, I focus on helping clients navigate through life’s current and past experiences. Each session aims to empower clients with coping skills that they can apply in any challenging situation. Every individual deserves a counselor who actively listens, empathizes, and is genuine.
In my counseling practice, I focus on helping clients navigate through life’s current and past experiences. Each session aims to empower clients with coping skills that they can apply in any challenging situation. Every individual deserves a counselor who actively listens, empathizes, and is genuine.
(210) 934-8036 View (210) 934-8036
Photo of Ashley Wright - Wright Path Counseling and Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT
Wright Path Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Coping with childhood trauma (as an adult or child) is a challenging journey marked by lingering scars that affect relationships, self-esteem, and well-being. Memories of past trauma resurface as intrusive thoughts, intense emotions, and vulnerability. Healing involves facing painful memories, breaking coping patterns, and rebuilding resilience. Yet, amidst the darkness, there's hope—a resilient spirit refusing to be defined by the past. It's about reclaiming agency, rewriting one's narrative, finding strength in vulnerability, and solace in connection. Scars remain, but they don't define one's entire existence.
Coping with childhood trauma (as an adult or child) is a challenging journey marked by lingering scars that affect relationships, self-esteem, and well-being. Memories of past trauma resurface as intrusive thoughts, intense emotions, and vulnerability. Healing involves facing painful memories, breaking coping patterns, and rebuilding resilience. Yet, amidst the darkness, there's hope—a resilient spirit refusing to be defined by the past. It's about reclaiming agency, rewriting one's narrative, finding strength in vulnerability, and solace in connection. Scars remain, but they don't define one's entire existence.
(863) 474-2623 View (863) 474-2623
Photo of Ashley Klasing, LPC Intern, MA, LPC-A
Ashley Klasing
LPC Intern, MA, LPC-A
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Do you find that you are comparing yourself to others on social media? It sucks to feel like you have to change who you are in order to match the images you see online. It's difficult when we have to deal with negative feelings, and all the criticism we give ourselves about our bodies.
Do you find that you are comparing yourself to others on social media? It sucks to feel like you have to change who you are in order to match the images you see online. It's difficult when we have to deal with negative feelings, and all the criticism we give ourselves about our bodies.
(210) 880-9140 View (210) 880-9140
Photo of Emily Nelson, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Emily Nelson
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
San Antonio, TX 78213
Hello, I'm glad you're here! Acknowledging you need help and seeking it are often some of the hardest and scariest steps to take. My approach to counseling is grounded in uncovering and nurturing your strengths while holding space for your humanity with understanding and respect. Together, we work to explore core motivations, beliefs, and any barriers to living authentically. Therapy can often feel overwhelming or uncertain, so I strive to humanize the process, offering practical skills and tools that support living in your truth.
Hello, I'm glad you're here! Acknowledging you need help and seeking it are often some of the hardest and scariest steps to take. My approach to counseling is grounded in uncovering and nurturing your strengths while holding space for your humanity with understanding and respect. Together, we work to explore core motivations, beliefs, and any barriers to living authentically. Therapy can often feel overwhelming or uncertain, so I strive to humanize the process, offering practical skills and tools that support living in your truth.
(726) 204-5231 View (726) 204-5231
Photo of Brittany Dawn Kingsbury, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brittany Dawn Kingsbury
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! As a therapist, I’m dedicated to working with individuals who are ready to embark on a journey of personal growth and self-discovery. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or past traumas, I’m here to offer a supportive and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions openly. In our sessions, my goal is to help you find emotional balance, deepen your self-awareness, and build meaningful connections with yourself and others. If you’re seeking clarity, resilience, and an improved sense of well-being, I’m here to guide and support you every step of the way.
Welcome! As a therapist, I’m dedicated to working with individuals who are ready to embark on a journey of personal growth and self-discovery. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or past traumas, I’m here to offer a supportive and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions openly. In our sessions, my goal is to help you find emotional balance, deepen your self-awareness, and build meaningful connections with yourself and others. If you’re seeking clarity, resilience, and an improved sense of well-being, I’m here to guide and support you every step of the way.
(726) 201-0667 View (726) 201-0667
Photo of Angelica M. Torres, LPC-Associate, MS, LPC-A, NCC
Angelica M. Torres
LPC-Associate, MS, LPC-A, NCC
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Hi, I’m Angelica M. Torres, a dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate motivated by a passion for ending the stigma surrounding mental health in the Latinx community. As a first-generation college student and daughter of Mexican immigrants, I firsthand understand the unique pressures and challenges faced by individuals trailblazing paths for themselves and their families. It's been my greatest honor to work with individuals sharing similar stories, providing them a space to feel seen and empowered on their journey towards growth and self-discovery.
Hi, I’m Angelica M. Torres, a dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate motivated by a passion for ending the stigma surrounding mental health in the Latinx community. As a first-generation college student and daughter of Mexican immigrants, I firsthand understand the unique pressures and challenges faced by individuals trailblazing paths for themselves and their families. It's been my greatest honor to work with individuals sharing similar stories, providing them a space to feel seen and empowered on their journey towards growth and self-discovery.
(830) 224-2510 View (830) 224-2510

See more therapy options for 78213

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 78213

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in 78213 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
82% Depression
67% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem
58% Trauma and PTSD
50% Life Transitions
48% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
81% Aetna
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 78213 see their clients

63% Online Only
37% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 78213?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.