Photo of Donna Kay Cowart, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Donna Kay Cowart
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
You feel like a failure. No matter how hard you've tried to make this relationship work, It's still no use. In fact, sometimes it feels like the more effort you put in, the worse things get. You used to love talking to your husband, but now every conversation turns into a fight. There was a time not that long ago when you were sure you'd be together forever, but now you don't know. There's a part of you that wants to give up and stop working tirelessly to keep it all together, but thinking about how this will affect your children and family is overwhelming. You don't know what to do; it feels hopeless.
You feel like a failure. No matter how hard you've tried to make this relationship work, It's still no use. In fact, sometimes it feels like the more effort you put in, the worse things get. You used to love talking to your husband, but now every conversation turns into a fight. There was a time not that long ago when you were sure you'd be together forever, but now you don't know. There's a part of you that wants to give up and stop working tirelessly to keep it all together, but thinking about how this will affect your children and family is overwhelming. You don't know what to do; it feels hopeless.
(936) 237-7031 View (936) 237-7031
Photo of Katie A. Pivonka, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie A. Pivonka
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
Do you ever feel overwhelmed by the stressors of family, work and community? We all do! Starting therapy to help cope with life's challenges can be overwhelming, but I am here with you through the process to help you find your resilience. I am here to guide you through the process of therapy in order to support you in the work of making positive changes towards your goals.
Do you ever feel overwhelmed by the stressors of family, work and community? We all do! Starting therapy to help cope with life's challenges can be overwhelming, but I am here with you through the process to help you find your resilience. I am here to guide you through the process of therapy in order to support you in the work of making positive changes towards your goals.
(936) 237-7224 View (936) 237-7224
Photo of Rebecca Osborn, JD
Rebecca Osborn
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, JD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901
Accepting new clients! Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or overwhelm? Do you find yourself in a repeating pattern of toxic relationships and wonder why it keeps happening to you? Do these things affect your day-to-day life and overall mood? Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted, then turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms like alcohol or doom-scrolling? Do you question whether life can be better? We believe there IS hope and you are not meant to do life alone. At Kaleidoscope Counseling and Wellness, we offer an integrative approach to therapy and strive to meet all our clients right where they are in life.
Accepting new clients! Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or overwhelm? Do you find yourself in a repeating pattern of toxic relationships and wonder why it keeps happening to you? Do these things affect your day-to-day life and overall mood? Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted, then turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms like alcohol or doom-scrolling? Do you question whether life can be better? We believe there IS hope and you are not meant to do life alone. At Kaleidoscope Counseling and Wellness, we offer an integrative approach to therapy and strive to meet all our clients right where they are in life.
(936) 277-6900 View (936) 277-6900
Photo of Julieta Banda Edmond, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julieta Banda Edmond
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901
Are you ready to challenge generational cycles, step out of your comfort (stuck) zone, and ready to embrace change and growth? Do you aspire to create a lifestyle that resonates with your needs and values, enabling you to thrive in your personal and interpersonal experiences. Maybe your goals are centered on self-improvement and fostering healthier relationships or you aim to cultivate a better understanding of your emotions, develop effective communication skills, and establish boundaries that support your mental and emotional well-being.
Are you ready to challenge generational cycles, step out of your comfort (stuck) zone, and ready to embrace change and growth? Do you aspire to create a lifestyle that resonates with your needs and values, enabling you to thrive in your personal and interpersonal experiences. Maybe your goals are centered on self-improvement and fostering healthier relationships or you aim to cultivate a better understanding of your emotions, develop effective communication skills, and establish boundaries that support your mental and emotional well-being.
(936) 315-3395 View (936) 315-3395
Photo of Dr. Levi S McClendon, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, NCSC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Levi S McClendon
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, NCSC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling on-edge, wishing you could connect to others, but afraid to do so? Do you notice yourself avoiding places that you used to love because you feel unsafe? Perhaps you feel exhausted, wishing you could have restful, uninterrupted sleep, or maybe you feel numb and disconnected from everything. I hear you. You are not alone. Let me help. You can schedule a free 15 minute consultation on my website (located to the right of this paragraph).
Are you tired of feeling on-edge, wishing you could connect to others, but afraid to do so? Do you notice yourself avoiding places that you used to love because you feel unsafe? Perhaps you feel exhausted, wishing you could have restful, uninterrupted sleep, or maybe you feel numb and disconnected from everything. I hear you. You are not alone. Let me help. You can schedule a free 15 minute consultation on my website (located to the right of this paragraph).
(936) 246-2071 View (936) 246-2071
Photo of Stephen B Lantis, MA,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephen B Lantis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I want our work together to foster healing and peace in your individual life and in your relationships. I utilize an eclectic approach to encourage positivity and mindfulness in order help people begin a journey of change. Having been an educator and ordained pastor, I have offered care to people in every stage of life's journey. I have worked with people struggling with parenting issues, substance use, family conflict, couples concerns, anger management, LGBTQI+ issues, trauma and crisis. I hope that our work might improve your mental health and provide hope for the road ahead.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I want our work together to foster healing and peace in your individual life and in your relationships. I utilize an eclectic approach to encourage positivity and mindfulness in order help people begin a journey of change. Having been an educator and ordained pastor, I have offered care to people in every stage of life's journey. I have worked with people struggling with parenting issues, substance use, family conflict, couples concerns, anger management, LGBTQI+ issues, trauma and crisis. I hope that our work might improve your mental health and provide hope for the road ahead.
(936) 237-6130 View (936) 237-6130
Photo of Elizabeth Copes, LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Copes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901  (Online Only)
Meeting someone new maybe anxiety provoking, but starting therapy? That is truly a daunting task! You’ve made the first step by recognizing that maybe you should talk to someone. Now, all of these bios sound about the same. Which one to pick? How do you know which one will help you the most? You may be thinking, “oh, forget it, I just can’t make that decision right now.” Or, “I don’t want to sit for an hour and cry while I tell a total stranger my life’s story.” Or, “what if someone finds out that I’m not perfect. What if this person thinks I’m crazy and wants to lock me away forever?“ …
Meeting someone new maybe anxiety provoking, but starting therapy? That is truly a daunting task! You’ve made the first step by recognizing that maybe you should talk to someone. Now, all of these bios sound about the same. Which one to pick? How do you know which one will help you the most? You may be thinking, “oh, forget it, I just can’t make that decision right now.” Or, “I don’t want to sit for an hour and cry while I tell a total stranger my life’s story.” Or, “what if someone finds out that I’m not perfect. What if this person thinks I’m crazy and wants to lock me away forever?“ …
(936) 227-5470 View (936) 227-5470
Photo of Salvador Luna, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Salvador Luna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901
Bilingual in Spanish - Salvador Luna, Jr., LCSW has over 14 years of experience working with individuals and families. He has an undergraduate degree in Public Administration and Master of Social Work from Stephen F. Austin State University. Some of the conditions that he treats are depression, anxiety, ptsd, anger management, marital conflict, parent-child conflict, oppositional children, and stress management.
Bilingual in Spanish - Salvador Luna, Jr., LCSW has over 14 years of experience working with individuals and families. He has an undergraduate degree in Public Administration and Master of Social Work from Stephen F. Austin State University. Some of the conditions that he treats are depression, anxiety, ptsd, anger management, marital conflict, parent-child conflict, oppositional children, and stress management.
(936) 282-5692 View (936) 282-5692
Photo of Ralph Casazza, LCP, PhD, Psychologist
Ralph Casazza
Psychologist, LCP, PhD
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
I am Dr. Ralph Casazza, a licensed psychologist; with clinical training & experience focusing on the treatment of issues related to depression, anxiety, work stress/career counseling, communication skills development, chronic medical conditions, pain management, PTSD, substance abuse, & other addictive behaviors. I have worked in various settings and with different client populations, including adults, senior citizens, medical populations (hospitals, nursing homes, and rehab facilities), LGBTQ+, substance abuse clinics, etc.
I am Dr. Ralph Casazza, a licensed psychologist; with clinical training & experience focusing on the treatment of issues related to depression, anxiety, work stress/career counseling, communication skills development, chronic medical conditions, pain management, PTSD, substance abuse, & other addictive behaviors. I have worked in various settings and with different client populations, including adults, senior citizens, medical populations (hospitals, nursing homes, and rehab facilities), LGBTQ+, substance abuse clinics, etc.
(817) 961-9154 View (817) 961-9154
Photo of Ray Johnston, LCSW, SAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ray Johnston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAP
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901  (Online Only)
Enjoying third career immensely since 1984 (former Kindergarten teacher, restauranteur). I am particularly delighted to have been trained initially in psychoanalysis and behavior modification, then later systemically and eclectically - by focusing on a person's strengths more than their weaknesses ("mental illness") we can more likely find (a) satisfactory solution(s). Main strengths - marital (relationships), drug/alcohol, emotional, (depression, anxiety, etc), life problems (school, career, bereavement, etc.), kids (behavior, discipline, school problems, etc.). I am also an SAP (Substance Abuse Professional) DOT certified
Enjoying third career immensely since 1984 (former Kindergarten teacher, restauranteur). I am particularly delighted to have been trained initially in psychoanalysis and behavior modification, then later systemically and eclectically - by focusing on a person's strengths more than their weaknesses ("mental illness") we can more likely find (a) satisfactory solution(s). Main strengths - marital (relationships), drug/alcohol, emotional, (depression, anxiety, etc), life problems (school, career, bereavement, etc.), kids (behavior, discipline, school problems, etc.). I am also an SAP (Substance Abuse Professional) DOT certified
(936) 776-3476 View (936) 776-3476
Photo of Sydney Kroll Register, PsyD, Psychologist
Sydney Kroll Register
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
Dr. Kroll specializes in evidence-based interventions for a wide range of behavioral health and psychological conditions, including trauma, mood disorders, chronic pain, and stress. She also provides psychological assessments for diagnostic clarification, treatment planning, and clarification of cognitive/memory issues. Finally, she works closely with first responders and law enforcement to complete pre-employment evaluations as well as psychological first aid and disaster response.
Dr. Kroll specializes in evidence-based interventions for a wide range of behavioral health and psychological conditions, including trauma, mood disorders, chronic pain, and stress. She also provides psychological assessments for diagnostic clarification, treatment planning, and clarification of cognitive/memory issues. Finally, she works closely with first responders and law enforcement to complete pre-employment evaluations as well as psychological first aid and disaster response.
(936) 209-5225 View (936) 209-5225
Photo of Dr. Le'Ann Solmonson, PhD, LPC-S, CSC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Le'Ann Solmonson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, CSC
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
When life just becomes overwhelming and you have no clue how to get things under control, we're here to help you. Your relationships aren't going well...your feelings threaten to drown you...people in your life expect more than you can give...you don't know what to do to help your kids...it all feels like too much. What you want is some peace in your life, but you just can't figure out how to find the peace you know you need.
When life just becomes overwhelming and you have no clue how to get things under control, we're here to help you. Your relationships aren't going well...your feelings threaten to drown you...people in your life expect more than you can give...you don't know what to do to help your kids...it all feels like too much. What you want is some peace in your life, but you just can't figure out how to find the peace you know you need.
(936) 225-5846 View (936) 225-5846
Photo of Brittany Brown Milstead - Milstead & Associates Counseling Group, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Milstead & Associates Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
Helping you find creative solutions to life's problems.
Helping you find creative solutions to life's problems.
(936) 337-2904 View (936) 337-2904
Photo of Cyndi Gamble, MA, LPC, S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cyndi Gamble
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, S
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
With over 19 years of experience providing a broad range of mental health services, my current practice strongly emphasizes providing therapeutic interventions for children with behavioral and emotional challenges, while also welcoming the opportunity to work with families, individuals and couples needing counseling services. Over the course of my career, I have gained experience in many elements of the mental health field. Some of those include clinical intake, general counseling, marital counseling, crisis intervention, crisis management, facilitating psychoeducational groups, and child behavior management.
With over 19 years of experience providing a broad range of mental health services, my current practice strongly emphasizes providing therapeutic interventions for children with behavioral and emotional challenges, while also welcoming the opportunity to work with families, individuals and couples needing counseling services. Over the course of my career, I have gained experience in many elements of the mental health field. Some of those include clinical intake, general counseling, marital counseling, crisis intervention, crisis management, facilitating psychoeducational groups, and child behavior management.
(936) 226-0363 View (936) 226-0363
Photo of Peyton Porterfield - Nacogdoches Counseling Services, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Peyton Porterfield - Nacogdoches Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901
Now taking Aetna and Cigna. Taking new adults, teens, and kids now! Are you or your child feeling like there are no choices and you are just swept along by the current? Do you often feel overwhelmed by stress and anxiety and you don't know where to start or which direction to go? Does low mood sometimes leave you feeling like you have nothing left to give? Does your anger bubble over and you just don't feel like yourself anymore? Living with anxiety, depression, stress, or resentment can feel unbearable. You don't have to merely "survive" life though. You can live in, direct, and thrive in your life again or for the first time.
Now taking Aetna and Cigna. Taking new adults, teens, and kids now! Are you or your child feeling like there are no choices and you are just swept along by the current? Do you often feel overwhelmed by stress and anxiety and you don't know where to start or which direction to go? Does low mood sometimes leave you feeling like you have nothing left to give? Does your anger bubble over and you just don't feel like yourself anymore? Living with anxiety, depression, stress, or resentment can feel unbearable. You don't have to merely "survive" life though. You can live in, direct, and thrive in your life again or for the first time.
(936) 236-4712 View (936) 236-4712
Photo of New Possibilities Counseling Tracey Meador, MA, LPC-S, CSC, Licensed Professional Counselor
New Possibilities Counseling Tracey Meador
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CSC
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
It is my sincere hope to help you see the new possibilities that you deserve . I want to help you work through any and all issues that will lead you to live your best life.
It is my sincere hope to help you see the new possibilities that you deserve . I want to help you work through any and all issues that will lead you to live your best life.
(936) 209-7138 View (936) 209-7138
Photo of Hannah Prince, MA
Hannah Prince
LPC Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lufkin, TX 75901
When life feels overwhelming, we need to feel seen, heard, and cared for more than ever. If you find that you lack support in your personal life from family, friends, work, or even your partner and you think you need more guidance, then I may be a good fit for you. I understand feeling lost and not knowing where to turn. As someone who found resilience in adversity, I know just how difficult it is to navigate these feelings alone. If you are currently in the “counselor hunting” stage, I have been in your shoes and I know it is daunting. It can feel intimidating to try to find the right fit. Take the leap and see if I can help!
When life feels overwhelming, we need to feel seen, heard, and cared for more than ever. If you find that you lack support in your personal life from family, friends, work, or even your partner and you think you need more guidance, then I may be a good fit for you. I understand feeling lost and not knowing where to turn. As someone who found resilience in adversity, I know just how difficult it is to navigate these feelings alone. If you are currently in the “counselor hunting” stage, I have been in your shoes and I know it is daunting. It can feel intimidating to try to find the right fit. Take the leap and see if I can help!
(936) 237-7543 View (936) 237-7543
Photo of Ginger Stephens - Whole Again Counseling + Wellness, LPC, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Whole Again Counseling + Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
Life is complex and so are you. At Whole Again Counseling + Wellness, we understand that each of us responds differently to our experiences, our relationships, and our emotions. Our whole-person, integrated approach focuses on your physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. We offer wellness services in mental health counseling, movement, spirituality and relational support. Together, we can guide and support you to weave a tapestry of wellness throughout your heart, mind, body and soul. Isn’t it time you were whole again?
Life is complex and so are you. At Whole Again Counseling + Wellness, we understand that each of us responds differently to our experiences, our relationships, and our emotions. Our whole-person, integrated approach focuses on your physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. We offer wellness services in mental health counseling, movement, spirituality and relational support. Together, we can guide and support you to weave a tapestry of wellness throughout your heart, mind, body and soul. Isn’t it time you were whole again?
(936) 249-0663 View (936) 249-0663
Photo of Dr. John W. Carney - Life Coaching & Empowerment, MA, PhD
Life Coaching & Empowerment
MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
As a licensed/certified Psychotherapist for over 20 years, and a Doctorate in Psychology level Professional Life Coach for over 10 years, I have counseled over 3,000 folks from all walks of life to help them discover permanent answers for life's greatest challenges and truly be set free from issues that hold them down. Life is simply not easy, and almost everyone has a complex story of pain, confusion, loss, regret, and/or disillusionment. If you are seriously looking for healing, direction, peace, or hope, you can start today.
As a licensed/certified Psychotherapist for over 20 years, and a Doctorate in Psychology level Professional Life Coach for over 10 years, I have counseled over 3,000 folks from all walks of life to help them discover permanent answers for life's greatest challenges and truly be set free from issues that hold them down. Life is simply not easy, and almost everyone has a complex story of pain, confusion, loss, regret, and/or disillusionment. If you are seriously looking for healing, direction, peace, or hope, you can start today.
(281) 628-2117 View (281) 628-2117
Photo of Mary Brackin Harris, MA, LPCA, LPC Intern
Mary Brackin Harris
LPC Intern, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
Lufkin, TX 75901
Our society is facing various troubling issues, many of which we’ve never experienced. Navigating the world we now live in is hard, and I want to help. As a counselor, my goal is to give clients a safe and non-judgmental place to be heard and know that I have their best interests at heart. My hope is that I can help my clients develop skills to help them cope with whatever challenges they may encounter. I want to help each client realize their worth and empower them to trust themselves. Together, I hope that I can help my clients learn effective strategies to overcome obstacles they may be facing.
Our society is facing various troubling issues, many of which we’ve never experienced. Navigating the world we now live in is hard, and I want to help. As a counselor, my goal is to give clients a safe and non-judgmental place to be heard and know that I have their best interests at heart. My hope is that I can help my clients develop skills to help them cope with whatever challenges they may encounter. I want to help each client realize their worth and empower them to trust themselves. Together, I hope that I can help my clients learn effective strategies to overcome obstacles they may be facing.
(936) 243-5482 View (936) 243-5482
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 75901

30+

Average cost per session

$105

Therapists in 75901 who prioritize treating:

83% Depression
80% Anxiety
77% Grief
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
67% Relationship Issues
60% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
83% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 75901 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
28% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 75901?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.