Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Heath Salzman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Heath Salzman
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MAC, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
At times, we all find ourselves pushed to the limits of what we can cope with. We work hard to escape familiar, painful cycles, only to end up where we began. Some of us are attempting to salvage marriages with spouses we dearly love, yet with whom we continue to engage in the same old arguments, losing hope that we can ever recover the connection we once had. Others may be battling crippling anxiety or trying to shake the cloud of depression that darkens our every step. We are left exhausted, discouraged, and hopeless.
At times, we all find ourselves pushed to the limits of what we can cope with. We work hard to escape familiar, painful cycles, only to end up where we began. Some of us are attempting to salvage marriages with spouses we dearly love, yet with whom we continue to engage in the same old arguments, losing hope that we can ever recover the connection we once had. Others may be battling crippling anxiety or trying to shake the cloud of depression that darkens our every step. We are left exhausted, discouraged, and hopeless.
(314) 907-3748 View (314) 907-3748
Photo of Nigel Cook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Nigel Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63130
Sexuality should be celebrated! Society often makes it difficult for people to express themselves in this way, and therefore I try to offer a space for clients to freely explore all aspects of their sexuality without judgement. In my practice, I work collaboratively with clients to develop sexual communication skills, process shame associated with sexuality, and learn how to practice safer (more pleasurable) sex. I have experience with many types of clients, including LGBTQ+ people, femme-people, sex workers, and people discovering themselves later in life.
Sexuality should be celebrated! Society often makes it difficult for people to express themselves in this way, and therefore I try to offer a space for clients to freely explore all aspects of their sexuality without judgement. In my practice, I work collaboratively with clients to develop sexual communication skills, process shame associated with sexuality, and learn how to practice safer (more pleasurable) sex. I have experience with many types of clients, including LGBTQ+ people, femme-people, sex workers, and people discovering themselves later in life.
(539) 245-6060 View (539) 245-6060
Photo of McKayla Kagie, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
McKayla Kagie
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, SMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
The therapeutic relationship is one of healing and hope. Facilitating that relationship is very important because I understand the value of working with someone not pushing their usually well-intentioned agenda onto your situation. Someone outside our problems who has no investment in how we handle those problems can offer limitless perspective and an abundance of compassion. In addition to being a listening ear, therapists have many resources and tools to help us navigate whatever challenges and changes life throws at us. This is the type of therapist I strive to be.
The therapeutic relationship is one of healing and hope. Facilitating that relationship is very important because I understand the value of working with someone not pushing their usually well-intentioned agenda onto your situation. Someone outside our problems who has no investment in how we handle those problems can offer limitless perspective and an abundance of compassion. In addition to being a listening ear, therapists have many resources and tools to help us navigate whatever challenges and changes life throws at us. This is the type of therapist I strive to be.
(314) 207-9904 View (314) 207-9904
Photo of Megan J Adamo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Megan J Adamo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Often, as adults, we find ourselves stuck. You keep trying, yet things aren’t getting better. Usually, this means you have developed a self-limiting belief. Let’s talk. Together we can identify the root of the issue, develop new core beliefs, and create a plan to develop a more fulfilling life. Children and adolescents need a safe space and a person that accepts them for who they truly are, so they can express themselves openly. I focus on helping them see their true worth to enhance their growth and development, while teaching them skills to express emotions and cope with stressors.
I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Often, as adults, we find ourselves stuck. You keep trying, yet things aren’t getting better. Usually, this means you have developed a self-limiting belief. Let’s talk. Together we can identify the root of the issue, develop new core beliefs, and create a plan to develop a more fulfilling life. Children and adolescents need a safe space and a person that accepts them for who they truly are, so they can express themselves openly. I focus on helping them see their true worth to enhance their growth and development, while teaching them skills to express emotions and cope with stressors.
(636) 428-3547 x417 View (636) 428-3547 x417
Photo of Michelle Vollmar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Michelle Vollmar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I am an individual therapist with 20 years of experience working with survivors of childhood abuse, trauma, and intimate partner violence. More recently, my practice has expanded to focus on anxiety disorders, depression, and perfectionism. I am a trained teacher of Kristen Neff's Mindful Self-Compassion, a former DBT skills group facilitator, and have trained in RO-DBT. Over the past twenty years I have served as a teacher and trainer in settings ranging from elementary to graduate level classrooms and post-graduate continuing education workshops.
I am an individual therapist with 20 years of experience working with survivors of childhood abuse, trauma, and intimate partner violence. More recently, my practice has expanded to focus on anxiety disorders, depression, and perfectionism. I am a trained teacher of Kristen Neff's Mindful Self-Compassion, a former DBT skills group facilitator, and have trained in RO-DBT. Over the past twenty years I have served as a teacher and trainer in settings ranging from elementary to graduate level classrooms and post-graduate continuing education workshops.
(314) 551-9490 View (314) 551-9490
Photo of Eric Gregory, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Eric Gregory
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, MAC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63116
I come to the counseling room as a fellow traveller with a strong desire to create emotional and spiritual safety, regardless of what must be faced. Much of my experience has been focused on helping men find hope and a voice amid brokenness, loneliness, and relational trouble. I meet with individuals wrestling with anxiety, depression, past or present abuse, sexual confusion, sexual addiction, and spiritual and emotional health in general. Real relief and real growth are really possible!
I come to the counseling room as a fellow traveller with a strong desire to create emotional and spiritual safety, regardless of what must be faced. Much of my experience has been focused on helping men find hope and a voice amid brokenness, loneliness, and relational trouble. I meet with individuals wrestling with anxiety, depression, past or present abuse, sexual confusion, sexual addiction, and spiritual and emotional health in general. Real relief and real growth are really possible!
(314) 207-5890 View (314) 207-5890
Photo of Jessica Kay Dowling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jessica Kay Dowling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
What do you notice happening when life's demands feel too much? Do you begin to feel consumed by a critical voice? Perhaps hopelessness or shame takeover, and you aren't able to focus on what you need. You keep returning to coping strategies that aren't working, and the chaos of life leaves you exhausted. You know that you are ready for something different. I am here to listen and help you understand the "why" within your struggles. Our work will focus on allowing for all sides of you to have a voice, to be understood, and to have the space to grow.
What do you notice happening when life's demands feel too much? Do you begin to feel consumed by a critical voice? Perhaps hopelessness or shame takeover, and you aren't able to focus on what you need. You keep returning to coping strategies that aren't working, and the chaos of life leaves you exhausted. You know that you are ready for something different. I am here to listen and help you understand the "why" within your struggles. Our work will focus on allowing for all sides of you to have a voice, to be understood, and to have the space to grow.
(314) 626-8906 View (314) 626-8906
Photo of Ann Herman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Ann Herman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
As women, we carry the weight of societal expectations, past traumas, and the pressures of daily life at the expense of our mind, body, and spirit. To the world, you're perfectly put together. But on the inside, we both know the superwoman thing is getting exhausting. You're craving a safe space where you can take off the cape for a while and talk about what's on your mind and in your heart.
As women, we carry the weight of societal expectations, past traumas, and the pressures of daily life at the expense of our mind, body, and spirit. To the world, you're perfectly put together. But on the inside, we both know the superwoman thing is getting exhausting. You're craving a safe space where you can take off the cape for a while and talk about what's on your mind and in your heart.
(314) 860-7884 View (314) 860-7884
Photo of Erin Elking, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Erin Elking
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I'm glad you found your way here! I am a dedicated therapist with a passion for helping individuals live a life worth living. I hold a PLPC license and am supervised by an LPC. I have been endorsed by the National Board for Certified Counselors. My therapeutic approach is centered around creating a strong therapeutic alliance, practicing unconditional positive regard, empathy, and creating a space where clients can feel vulnerable and validated as they work through their challenges. I have developed a niche for working with self-harm, mood disorders, personality disorders, and trauma.
I'm glad you found your way here! I am a dedicated therapist with a passion for helping individuals live a life worth living. I hold a PLPC license and am supervised by an LPC. I have been endorsed by the National Board for Certified Counselors. My therapeutic approach is centered around creating a strong therapeutic alliance, practicing unconditional positive regard, empathy, and creating a space where clients can feel vulnerable and validated as they work through their challenges. I have developed a niche for working with self-harm, mood disorders, personality disorders, and trauma.
(314) 274-1747 View (314) 274-1747
Photo of Dr. A. P. Carmichael, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. A. P. Carmichael
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MEd, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Waitlist for new clients
Relationships are part of what makes us human. We thrive when connected with others. I am passionate about helping people create and maintain healthy and loving relationships. I work with couples, families, and individuals and have strong experience working with LGBTQ clients. I make it a priority to create a safe space for all of my clients. It is through this atmosphere of acceptance that we can work together to create true change and growth. I work with individuals, families and couples who are going through a crisis, or those who are simply looking to strengthen their relationships.
Relationships are part of what makes us human. We thrive when connected with others. I am passionate about helping people create and maintain healthy and loving relationships. I work with couples, families, and individuals and have strong experience working with LGBTQ clients. I make it a priority to create a safe space for all of my clients. It is through this atmosphere of acceptance that we can work together to create true change and growth. I work with individuals, families and couples who are going through a crisis, or those who are simply looking to strengthen their relationships.
(314) 682-4859 View (314) 682-4859
Photo of Dr. Derek J. Wall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. Derek J. Wall
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
I provide therapeutic counseling services to individuals, couples, and families who are hurting due to conflict, anxiety, grief, and depression. With consistent, positive support, I serve my clients with a deep appreciation of their individuality and sensitivity to their struggle. Conflict and harm can be devastating, but it does not have to be. You deserve the opportunity to discover peace and to know that you do not have to search alone. Contact me today or learn more about me on my website.
I provide therapeutic counseling services to individuals, couples, and families who are hurting due to conflict, anxiety, grief, and depression. With consistent, positive support, I serve my clients with a deep appreciation of their individuality and sensitivity to their struggle. Conflict and harm can be devastating, but it does not have to be. You deserve the opportunity to discover peace and to know that you do not have to search alone. Contact me today or learn more about me on my website.
(314) 786-3623 View (314) 786-3623
Photo of Alexis Short, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Alexis Short
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
I am passionate about working with adolescents and young adults. However, I really enjoy working with any individual that wants to explore their mental health or maybe just needs someone to talk to. I am here to help you express and process through many different ways such as art, games, talking, mindfulness exercises, and much more.
I am passionate about working with adolescents and young adults. However, I really enjoy working with any individual that wants to explore their mental health or maybe just needs someone to talk to. I am here to help you express and process through many different ways such as art, games, talking, mindfulness exercises, and much more.
(314) 789-3047 View (314) 789-3047
Photo of Gina Howe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Gina Howe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
I have 25 years of experience and specialized training in the field of trauma treatment and mental health. Areas of focus: depression, anxiety, panic, relationships, physical, emotional and sexual violence, child sexual abuse, post-traumatic and acute stress symptoms, dissociation, grief/loss, accident related trauma, direct or secondary traumatic experience, first responder and military incidents of stress. Clients that have experienced traumatic events often feel as if they are not themselves, may have intrusive thoughts, difficulty with focus, trust and may feel jumpy and/or numb. I would like to help you find your way through.
I have 25 years of experience and specialized training in the field of trauma treatment and mental health. Areas of focus: depression, anxiety, panic, relationships, physical, emotional and sexual violence, child sexual abuse, post-traumatic and acute stress symptoms, dissociation, grief/loss, accident related trauma, direct or secondary traumatic experience, first responder and military incidents of stress. Clients that have experienced traumatic events often feel as if they are not themselves, may have intrusive thoughts, difficulty with focus, trust and may feel jumpy and/or numb. I would like to help you find your way through.
(314) 451-7672 View (314) 451-7672
Photo of Maria Kuhn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Maria Kuhn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, RSAP
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
I started to work in the Psychology field in 1989. I have experience in counseling many different clients from several different backgrounds. I provided personal counseling for employees, individual and group counseling for adolescents an adults. Currently, I provide Couples/Marriage Counseling and Individual Counseling for adults. I hold a BA in Psychology, and earned my Masters degree in Community Counseling from the University of Missouri-St.Louis.
I started to work in the Psychology field in 1989. I have experience in counseling many different clients from several different backgrounds. I provided personal counseling for employees, individual and group counseling for adolescents an adults. Currently, I provide Couples/Marriage Counseling and Individual Counseling for adults. I hold a BA in Psychology, and earned my Masters degree in Community Counseling from the University of Missouri-St.Louis.
(636) 486-3608 View (636) 486-3608
Photo of Sharnita White, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Sharnita White
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146
Are you unhappy with yourself? When alone your mind race, you question who you are & nothing makes you happy, ready to be healed from trauma. If you’re ready to find happiness within yourself, learn about how self care is connected & affects your self love, self esteem, self acceptance and self awareness, then you are in the right place.
Are you unhappy with yourself? When alone your mind race, you question who you are & nothing makes you happy, ready to be healed from trauma. If you’re ready to find happiness within yourself, learn about how self care is connected & affects your self love, self esteem, self acceptance and self awareness, then you are in the right place.
(314) 798-7989 View (314) 798-7989
Photo of Melissa Fasoldt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa Fasoldt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Are you struggling with various relationships in your life? Do you feel guilty when you try to set boundaries that would be in your best interest? I believe boundaries are essential for our mental health. I help my clients understand their feelings while providing a safe and comforting environment.
Are you struggling with various relationships in your life? Do you feel guilty when you try to set boundaries that would be in your best interest? I believe boundaries are essential for our mental health. I help my clients understand their feelings while providing a safe and comforting environment.
(314) 451-7594 View (314) 451-7594
Photo of Betty Teal-Grant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Betty Teal-Grant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63128  (Online Only)
You may be angry, anxious, depressed, grieving, or just feeling overwhelm by life struggles. Taking that first step to seek out a counselor is the most important step to recovery. Regardless of what your struggles are, I believe that counseling can help. I cannot promise that the process will be easy but hope that in the end you will believe the work was worth it.
You may be angry, anxious, depressed, grieving, or just feeling overwhelm by life struggles. Taking that first step to seek out a counselor is the most important step to recovery. Regardless of what your struggles are, I believe that counseling can help. I cannot promise that the process will be easy but hope that in the end you will believe the work was worth it.
(314) 730-9988 View (314) 730-9988
Photo of Genevieve Friedmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Genevieve Friedmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
You face unique challenges and feel alone in sorting through all life throws at you. Constant demands pull you in every direction, leaving you feeling inadequate; as if you’ve lost you own voice and vision for what you want out of your relationships, life, and future. Maybe it feels like a struggle to make a meaningful connection, a decision, or time to focus on your own well-being. You’re left feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward. You want your relationships to be a place for support and understanding. You want to have balance, peace and stability.
You face unique challenges and feel alone in sorting through all life throws at you. Constant demands pull you in every direction, leaving you feeling inadequate; as if you’ve lost you own voice and vision for what you want out of your relationships, life, and future. Maybe it feels like a struggle to make a meaningful connection, a decision, or time to focus on your own well-being. You’re left feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward. You want your relationships to be a place for support and understanding. You want to have balance, peace and stability.
(636) 200-6871 View (636) 200-6871
Photo of Erica Lynn Braun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Erica Lynn Braun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Erica is a seasoned, compassionate therapist - dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being. With a wealth of experience and a commitment to excellence, Erica has become a trusted guide for those seeking support and transformation in their lives. Erica has a diverse background, having worked with individuals facing a spectrum of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. Her holistic approach to therapy integrates evidence-based practices with personalized strategies, tailoring each session to meet the unique needs and goals of her client.
Erica is a seasoned, compassionate therapist - dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being. With a wealth of experience and a commitment to excellence, Erica has become a trusted guide for those seeking support and transformation in their lives. Erica has a diverse background, having worked with individuals facing a spectrum of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. Her holistic approach to therapy integrates evidence-based practices with personalized strategies, tailoring each session to meet the unique needs and goals of her client.
(314) 310-3654 View (314) 310-3654
Photo of Tonya Hutchinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tonya Hutchinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Therapy is a partnership between the client and the therapist, and I feel honored when I am allowed to walk the path towards hope, empowerment and healing with another individual. You deserve someone who sees you, and will listen with an empathetic and non-judgmental ear. Life itself can be a struggle at times, and part of my role is to help you to recognize your strengths and assist you with concrete tools. For Black and Brown folks, as well as the LGBTQIA community, the stress can be overwhelming. It is ok, and at times necessary, to have that safe place, and safe person to hear you out. You are worth it!
Therapy is a partnership between the client and the therapist, and I feel honored when I am allowed to walk the path towards hope, empowerment and healing with another individual. You deserve someone who sees you, and will listen with an empathetic and non-judgmental ear. Life itself can be a struggle at times, and part of my role is to help you to recognize your strengths and assist you with concrete tools. For Black and Brown folks, as well as the LGBTQIA community, the stress can be overwhelming. It is ok, and at times necessary, to have that safe place, and safe person to hear you out. You are worth it!
(314) 501-9691 View (314) 501-9691

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.