Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Denise Frisella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Denise Frisella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127  (Online Only)
I specialize in trauma therapy, navigating the complexities of grief and loss, managing depression and fostering general mental health wellness. My practice is anchored in offering a compassionate space that promotes healing. Together we'll work toward releasing blockages and nurturing your path to recovery as you evolve and deepen your self connection. ​
I specialize in trauma therapy, navigating the complexities of grief and loss, managing depression and fostering general mental health wellness. My practice is anchored in offering a compassionate space that promotes healing. Together we'll work toward releasing blockages and nurturing your path to recovery as you evolve and deepen your self connection. ​
(636) 422-5684 View (636) 422-5684
Photo of Krystal Schuette, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Krystal Schuette
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
Are you struggling because of something that happened in the recent or distant past? Have you experienced something traumatic like abuse, combat, physical violence, rape or robbery? Do you view the world negatively? Have you re-experienced the past or feel like 'it's happening all over again"? Do you avoid things you used to do for fear of being reminded of the past? Do you hate when people bring it up? You may be struggling with trauma triggers.
Are you struggling because of something that happened in the recent or distant past? Have you experienced something traumatic like abuse, combat, physical violence, rape or robbery? Do you view the world negatively? Have you re-experienced the past or feel like 'it's happening all over again"? Do you avoid things you used to do for fear of being reminded of the past? Do you hate when people bring it up? You may be struggling with trauma triggers.
(314) 310-2738 View (314) 310-2738
Photo of Sara Schuessler, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Sara Schuessler
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm glad you're here! My name is Sara Schuessler and I am a therapist in St. Louis, Missouri, with over 14 years of clinical experience. I have my Master of Arts in Counseling from Missouri Baptist University, and my Bachelor or Arts in Psychology from Truman State University. I have experience in lots of different settings, including residential treatment, schools, in home, and now, telehealth. I've worked with all ages and often see clients wanting to work on decreasing anxiety, managing anger, navigating family conflict, experienced a traumatic event, or having lost a loved one.
Hi! I'm glad you're here! My name is Sara Schuessler and I am a therapist in St. Louis, Missouri, with over 14 years of clinical experience. I have my Master of Arts in Counseling from Missouri Baptist University, and my Bachelor or Arts in Psychology from Truman State University. I have experience in lots of different settings, including residential treatment, schools, in home, and now, telehealth. I've worked with all ages and often see clients wanting to work on decreasing anxiety, managing anger, navigating family conflict, experienced a traumatic event, or having lost a loved one.
(314) 970-3709 View (314) 970-3709
Photo of Kerry Hogan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kerry Hogan
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63116
Not accepting new clients
Hello! As someone who values sincerity, I feel as though the best work happens when clients feel very deeply seen, heard, and known. Authenticity and vulnerability are the cornerstones of my practice. I believe that the ultimate driving factor in life is secure attachment. I also believe in building a therapeutic practice that mirrors my own principles. Therefore, you can expect warmth, informality, passion, and a playful spirit permeating throughout my work.
Hello! As someone who values sincerity, I feel as though the best work happens when clients feel very deeply seen, heard, and known. Authenticity and vulnerability are the cornerstones of my practice. I believe that the ultimate driving factor in life is secure attachment. I also believe in building a therapeutic practice that mirrors my own principles. Therefore, you can expect warmth, informality, passion, and a playful spirit permeating throughout my work.
(314) 396-8918 View (314) 396-8918
Photo of Caroline Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Caroline Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105  (Online Only)
I am convinced the client/therapist relationship is one of the most healing aspects of therapy, so I take great care in making sure I treat my clients with honesty, respect, and compassion. In working together, we can create a deep connection and find balance in your life. Through this process we can shine a light on issues that may be causing difficulty and trauma for you.
I am convinced the client/therapist relationship is one of the most healing aspects of therapy, so I take great care in making sure I treat my clients with honesty, respect, and compassion. In working together, we can create a deep connection and find balance in your life. Through this process we can shine a light on issues that may be causing difficulty and trauma for you.
(314) 808-5260 View (314) 808-5260
Photo of Nicole Schwarz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Nicole Schwarz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
You know you don't want to live like this anymore. You want to learn how to manage feelings of anxiety or depression. You've been confused, lonely, and frustrated for long enough, and are ready for a positive change. Or maybe you aren't quite sure what you need, but you're willing to give therapy a try. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can feel heard, supported, and encouraged. I especially enjoy working with women of all ages who are struggling with low self-esteem, negative self-image, relationships, burnout, motherhood, guilt, or breaking generational patterns.
You know you don't want to live like this anymore. You want to learn how to manage feelings of anxiety or depression. You've been confused, lonely, and frustrated for long enough, and are ready for a positive change. Or maybe you aren't quite sure what you need, but you're willing to give therapy a try. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can feel heard, supported, and encouraged. I especially enjoy working with women of all ages who are struggling with low self-esteem, negative self-image, relationships, burnout, motherhood, guilt, or breaking generational patterns.
(314) 937-6473 View (314) 937-6473
Photo of Joanna Struttman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Joanna Struttman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Welcome and congratulations on starting your counseling journey! If you’re tired of feeling like you can’t understand why you don’t have energy, are confused about your life decisions, or continuing to cancel plans due to anxiety, I can help. I specialize in treating OCD, anxiety, trauma, life changes, and negative thoughts about yourself. I also offer online EMDR therapy.
Welcome and congratulations on starting your counseling journey! If you’re tired of feeling like you can’t understand why you don’t have energy, are confused about your life decisions, or continuing to cancel plans due to anxiety, I can help. I specialize in treating OCD, anxiety, trauma, life changes, and negative thoughts about yourself. I also offer online EMDR therapy.
(314) 648-3745 View (314) 648-3745
Photo of Jen Volpitto, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jen Volpitto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63114  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Just as physical therapy retrains and strengthens one’s body, mental health therapy retrains and strengthens one’s mind, emotions, and relationships. It has the potential to empower, enlighten, and encourage. Whether facing depression or a relational concern, or if you’re looking for balance and peace or need to deal with the effects of trauma or abuse, including spiritual/religious abuse, the first step is to know that you matter enough to take care of YOU. As a therapist, I come alongside. I walk with. I reframe. I do not judge or shame. You are enough. You are whole. You are worth it.
Just as physical therapy retrains and strengthens one’s body, mental health therapy retrains and strengthens one’s mind, emotions, and relationships. It has the potential to empower, enlighten, and encourage. Whether facing depression or a relational concern, or if you’re looking for balance and peace or need to deal with the effects of trauma or abuse, including spiritual/religious abuse, the first step is to know that you matter enough to take care of YOU. As a therapist, I come alongside. I walk with. I reframe. I do not judge or shame. You are enough. You are whole. You are worth it.
Photo of Danielle Endejan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Danielle Endejan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, PLPC, CRAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63130
I look forward to meeting you! I was born and raised in St. Louis, & obtained my undergraduate degree with honors in Counseling and Education followed by a Master of Arts in Counseling for Licensure in Professional Counseling from MBU. I utilize empirically proven interventions (such as Motivational Interviewing, CBT, DBT) interwoven with compassionate wisdom for the therapeutic goal of coming alongside you in your unique journey and extending the opportunity and hope for healing & growth through the situation you find yourself in. My desire is to provide an authentic and compassionate environment that fosters continuous healing.
I look forward to meeting you! I was born and raised in St. Louis, & obtained my undergraduate degree with honors in Counseling and Education followed by a Master of Arts in Counseling for Licensure in Professional Counseling from MBU. I utilize empirically proven interventions (such as Motivational Interviewing, CBT, DBT) interwoven with compassionate wisdom for the therapeutic goal of coming alongside you in your unique journey and extending the opportunity and hope for healing & growth through the situation you find yourself in. My desire is to provide an authentic and compassionate environment that fosters continuous healing.
(314) 470-9169 View (314) 470-9169
Photo of Melissa T Scolaro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa T Scolaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
When the challenges of life and relationship present you with complex dilemmas and create painful or uncomfortable symptoms, therapy offers an opportunity for healing and long-lasting psychological change. The power of therapy is in the way it expands your choice in behaviors or ways of seeing others, yourself and your life circumstances. Through a compassionate journey of self-exploration I will help you work toward a fuller understanding of yourself which will lead to greater choice in how you live, love, work and play. It is a privilege to join you on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
When the challenges of life and relationship present you with complex dilemmas and create painful or uncomfortable symptoms, therapy offers an opportunity for healing and long-lasting psychological change. The power of therapy is in the way it expands your choice in behaviors or ways of seeing others, yourself and your life circumstances. Through a compassionate journey of self-exploration I will help you work toward a fuller understanding of yourself which will lead to greater choice in how you live, love, work and play. It is a privilege to join you on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
(314) 828-1020 View (314) 828-1020
Photo of Solutions for Wellbeing, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Solutions for Wellbeing, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCDP-D, MARS
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
Our lives can get very busy--making it hard to find time for counseling. I provide counseling via Telehealth and offer convenient evening and weekend time slots. Life can sometimes “knock our socks off”—I focus on helping clients get back on track and thriving again. Together, we develop a step-by-step plan to identify the problem, explore possible solutions, and develop strategies to move forward. We will explore the things that are getting in the way of you feeling your best self.
Our lives can get very busy--making it hard to find time for counseling. I provide counseling via Telehealth and offer convenient evening and weekend time slots. Life can sometimes “knock our socks off”—I focus on helping clients get back on track and thriving again. Together, we develop a step-by-step plan to identify the problem, explore possible solutions, and develop strategies to move forward. We will explore the things that are getting in the way of you feeling your best self.
(314) 690-9876 View (314) 690-9876
Photo of Kimberly E Keegan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kimberly E Keegan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I find that often a person is suffering with one or more unresolved issues and continues to hope things will change. When things don't change or get better, they may be ready to seek counseling and become open to talking with a stranger. That's often a big step to take. The goal is to improve the situation, handle a crisis and/or just stop the pain. There are many issues that result in reaching out to a counselor including a relationship crisis, loss of some sort, surviving trauma, addictions, difficulty with family or significant others, and changes that may occur within the person such as depression or anxiety.
I find that often a person is suffering with one or more unresolved issues and continues to hope things will change. When things don't change or get better, they may be ready to seek counseling and become open to talking with a stranger. That's often a big step to take. The goal is to improve the situation, handle a crisis and/or just stop the pain. There are many issues that result in reaching out to a counselor including a relationship crisis, loss of some sort, surviving trauma, addictions, difficulty with family or significant others, and changes that may occur within the person such as depression or anxiety.
(314) 937-5229 View (314) 937-5229
Photo of Kimberly Vest, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kimberly Vest
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CFRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
As a therapist, my main focus is to care for the concerns of the client's heart. I believe that we are made for connection and attachment. When relationships have been harmed or trauma has occurred, there is a fracture, wound or scar. This can run deep and needs to be treated with tenderness and understanding. Those who have experienced trauma may not understand the toll it has done to the brain, body, heart, soul or voice. I have the privilege of educating and finding therapeutic ways in which the client can heal. It is a true honor to walk alongside someone while they find their way towards healing and wholeness.
As a therapist, my main focus is to care for the concerns of the client's heart. I believe that we are made for connection and attachment. When relationships have been harmed or trauma has occurred, there is a fracture, wound or scar. This can run deep and needs to be treated with tenderness and understanding. Those who have experienced trauma may not understand the toll it has done to the brain, body, heart, soul or voice. I have the privilege of educating and finding therapeutic ways in which the client can heal. It is a true honor to walk alongside someone while they find their way towards healing and wholeness.
(636) 685-2053 View (636) 685-2053
Photo of Audrey Fields, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Audrey Fields
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
It is easy to find oneself discouraged, uncertain, tired, and even fearful. It may feel like you have lost the plot in the story of your life, or maybe you’re tired of how you engage with the characters in it. Struggling to hope? Unsure of where to go next or who to turn to? Returning to the same pattern in your life that you know did not work the last time? Maybe you are struggling with depression or anxiety. Maybe you want to break cycles in your life. Maybe you want freedom from the heavier parts of your story. Maybe you and your spouse keep having the same argument and wonder if you will ever feel close again...
It is easy to find oneself discouraged, uncertain, tired, and even fearful. It may feel like you have lost the plot in the story of your life, or maybe you’re tired of how you engage with the characters in it. Struggling to hope? Unsure of where to go next or who to turn to? Returning to the same pattern in your life that you know did not work the last time? Maybe you are struggling with depression or anxiety. Maybe you want to break cycles in your life. Maybe you want freedom from the heavier parts of your story. Maybe you and your spouse keep having the same argument and wonder if you will ever feel close again...
(314) 310-8533 View (314) 310-8533
Photo of Cheryl M Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Cheryl M Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Did you know that couples on average wait 6 years before seeking help for a troubled marriage. Are you and your spouse wanting renewal, connection and joy. There is hope whether the problem is trust, emotional distance, or escalating conflict. I start with a strengths based focus using research based Gottman method interventions that work. Do you have more than 20 days in the month of sadness, irritability or anxious worry? Individual counseling is a place to tell your story in order to build new skills and experiences to increase the days of happiness and contentment each month.
Did you know that couples on average wait 6 years before seeking help for a troubled marriage. Are you and your spouse wanting renewal, connection and joy. There is hope whether the problem is trust, emotional distance, or escalating conflict. I start with a strengths based focus using research based Gottman method interventions that work. Do you have more than 20 days in the month of sadness, irritability or anxious worry? Individual counseling is a place to tell your story in order to build new skills and experiences to increase the days of happiness and contentment each month.
(314) 207-3278 View (314) 207-3278
Photo of Gabrielle Kunar-Macias, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Gabrielle Kunar-Macias
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
(314) 697-2260 View (314) 697-2260
Photo of Kathleen Godefroid, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Kathleen Godefroid
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63129
Waitlist for new clients
I work with women to help rebuild a relationship with themselves that tells them they are good, and that the adversity they have experienced is not their fault. Many of my clients have experienced relational trauma that has silenced their voice, disconnected them from their emotions and bodily experience. I enjoy working with women on various issues including emotional abuse, powerlessness, relational issues (mother-daughter relationships), boundary issues, anxiety, depression, confusion and anger. I focus my energy into creating a safe space where you can begin to know and trust yourself, experiencing a sense of empowerment.
I work with women to help rebuild a relationship with themselves that tells them they are good, and that the adversity they have experienced is not their fault. Many of my clients have experienced relational trauma that has silenced their voice, disconnected them from their emotions and bodily experience. I enjoy working with women on various issues including emotional abuse, powerlessness, relational issues (mother-daughter relationships), boundary issues, anxiety, depression, confusion and anger. I focus my energy into creating a safe space where you can begin to know and trust yourself, experiencing a sense of empowerment.
(314) 742-8139 View (314) 742-8139
Photo of Garrett LCSW & Consulting, L.L.C., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Garrett LCSW & Consulting, L.L.C.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Garrett LCSW & Consulting, L.L.C. offers culturally affirmative, linguistically accessible, and clinically competent social work services with and on behalf of diverse populations in Missouri, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia.
Garrett LCSW & Consulting, L.L.C. offers culturally affirmative, linguistically accessible, and clinically competent social work services with and on behalf of diverse populations in Missouri, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia.
(314) 887-8072 View (314) 887-8072
Photo of Paige Elizabeth Schmittling, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Paige Elizabeth Schmittling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
NO Waitlist! I am currently licensed as a PLPC and received my Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of Missouri. I am dedicated to creating a space for ALL people to feel safe and supported where we can work through the challenges of life together. Helping people work through life transitions and finding their strengths is what I love about being a therapist. I have a history of working in college student mental health and substance use.
NO Waitlist! I am currently licensed as a PLPC and received my Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of Missouri. I am dedicated to creating a space for ALL people to feel safe and supported where we can work through the challenges of life together. Helping people work through life transitions and finding their strengths is what I love about being a therapist. I have a history of working in college student mental health and substance use.
(314) 798-7662 View (314) 798-7662
Photo of Alicia Cunningham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Alicia Cunningham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
First things first..... You are not "broken". Everyone is worthy of having a joyful, satisfying life but sometimes we need help. Its ok. I would be honored to work with you and help you reconnect with yourself and gain control over your life.
First things first..... You are not "broken". Everyone is worthy of having a joyful, satisfying life but sometimes we need help. Its ok. I would be honored to work with you and help you reconnect with yourself and gain control over your life.
(314) 325-0926 View (314) 325-0926

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.