Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Cynthia M Ross, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Cynthia M Ross
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
The primary aim of my therapy is to support clients in achieving greater emotional and social fulfillment by facilitating positive changes. In our therapy sessions, I leverage my extensive knowledge and skills in cognitive behavioral therapy, experiential therapy, and parent coaching to adopt a person-centered and solution-focused approach. Valuing open communication and collaborative effort, I work closely with my clients to identify and empower them toward realizing their utmost potential. I am eager to assist you or your teenager in addressing and overcoming present obstacles to craft the life you desire.
The primary aim of my therapy is to support clients in achieving greater emotional and social fulfillment by facilitating positive changes. In our therapy sessions, I leverage my extensive knowledge and skills in cognitive behavioral therapy, experiential therapy, and parent coaching to adopt a person-centered and solution-focused approach. Valuing open communication and collaborative effort, I work closely with my clients to identify and empower them toward realizing their utmost potential. I am eager to assist you or your teenager in addressing and overcoming present obstacles to craft the life you desire.
(314) 947-5898 View (314) 947-5898
Photo of Emma Donovan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Emma Donovan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Hi! My name is Emma. I offer an alternative, holistic, and spiritual approach to therapy for people in their 20s and 30s. I help you get to the root of your problems and heal past wounds so you can feel more conscious, integrated, and whole. I use IFS therapy, Depth Hypnosis, Shamanic Counseling, Buddhist Psychology, nutrition, Psychedelic Integration, and TRE, all of which I am trained and/or certified in. One fun fact about me is that I have studied, lived, and worked in many countries, and I've been to 32 countries total! Ask me about working at a mindfulness center in Thailand or getting yoga teacher trained in India.
Hi! My name is Emma. I offer an alternative, holistic, and spiritual approach to therapy for people in their 20s and 30s. I help you get to the root of your problems and heal past wounds so you can feel more conscious, integrated, and whole. I use IFS therapy, Depth Hypnosis, Shamanic Counseling, Buddhist Psychology, nutrition, Psychedelic Integration, and TRE, all of which I am trained and/or certified in. One fun fact about me is that I have studied, lived, and worked in many countries, and I've been to 32 countries total! Ask me about working at a mindfulness center in Thailand or getting yoga teacher trained in India.
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Photo of Courtney Cannes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Courtney Cannes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Starting counseling can be overwhelming and I would love the opportunity to start this process with you. Maybe you are struggling with your own internal emotions or thoughts. Maybe you are acting in a way that doesn't feel right and you want to break some patterns. Maybe your relationships with friends, family, kids is not what you want. Counseling is a great place to find hope and work towards creating the life that you want. I provide a safe and non-judgmental atmosphere for you to share your struggles/concerns and for us to work together towards freedom and healing.
Welcome! Starting counseling can be overwhelming and I would love the opportunity to start this process with you. Maybe you are struggling with your own internal emotions or thoughts. Maybe you are acting in a way that doesn't feel right and you want to break some patterns. Maybe your relationships with friends, family, kids is not what you want. Counseling is a great place to find hope and work towards creating the life that you want. I provide a safe and non-judgmental atmosphere for you to share your struggles/concerns and for us to work together towards freedom and healing.
(314) 300-7989 View (314) 300-7989
Photo of Juliana Varela, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Juliana Varela
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
People seek therapy for variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties with a specific life event or a general pursuit for greater purpose and connectedness. Psychotherapy offers an arena for self exploration unlike any other and can prove to be a profoundly moving experience. I work with individuals affected by trauma, difficulties in relationships, depression/post-partum depression, infertility, adoption, parenting, struggles in cultural adaptation and immigration, identity, self-esteem, sexuality, etc. Often I find that the most meaningful change comes from those who are open and willing to engage in the journey. The change you seek comes from you and will be our guiding force.
People seek therapy for variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties with a specific life event or a general pursuit for greater purpose and connectedness. Psychotherapy offers an arena for self exploration unlike any other and can prove to be a profoundly moving experience. I work with individuals affected by trauma, difficulties in relationships, depression/post-partum depression, infertility, adoption, parenting, struggles in cultural adaptation and immigration, identity, self-esteem, sexuality, etc. Often I find that the most meaningful change comes from those who are open and willing to engage in the journey. The change you seek comes from you and will be our guiding force.
(314) 591-5187 View (314) 591-5187
Photo of Emily E Carter, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Emily E Carter
Psychologist, Psy, D
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults living with anxiety and/or struggles in their relationships (familial, romantic, platonic, occupational). Breast cancer survivorship is an area of specialty. Together we co-construct an approach that fits your needs, balancing the practical with exploratory. I believe that it is through self-exploration that you become aware of your stuck points whether in problematic and/or unfulfilling behavior, relationships, jobs, or experiences.
I specialize in working with adults living with anxiety and/or struggles in their relationships (familial, romantic, platonic, occupational). Breast cancer survivorship is an area of specialty. Together we co-construct an approach that fits your needs, balancing the practical with exploratory. I believe that it is through self-exploration that you become aware of your stuck points whether in problematic and/or unfulfilling behavior, relationships, jobs, or experiences.
(314) 207-9719 View (314) 207-9719
Photo of Brady Sullivan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Brady Sullivan
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Waitlist for new clients
*Yes, I am gay :)* I believe that therapy is for everyone, because everyone deserves this sacred space to look into the mirror and see themselves. Sometimes the reflection isn’t pretty. Sometimes there are things we wish we didn’t see. However, witnessing and recognizing the pain and sadness is the first part of moving through it. That’s where the therapist comes in, to stand by patiently and point out the behaviors, beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that are causing us pain. They are the person who helps us shed everything that is holding us back so that we can finally become the person we always knew we could be.
*Yes, I am gay :)* I believe that therapy is for everyone, because everyone deserves this sacred space to look into the mirror and see themselves. Sometimes the reflection isn’t pretty. Sometimes there are things we wish we didn’t see. However, witnessing and recognizing the pain and sadness is the first part of moving through it. That’s where the therapist comes in, to stand by patiently and point out the behaviors, beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that are causing us pain. They are the person who helps us shed everything that is holding us back so that we can finally become the person we always knew we could be.
(314) 208-2434 View (314) 208-2434
Photo of Matthew Morgan Henderson Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Matthew Morgan Henderson Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110
My ideal client presents with symptoms of anxiety/ depression/ trauma/ addiction. They have developed coping strategies that now create more problems than they solve. They would like to learn more effective coping strategies They seek symptom-relief and increased life satisfaction. They desire healthier relationships and improved self-esteem. They're motivated to change, open to exploring underlying issues, and committed to therapy. Their goal is to achieve mental well-being, emotional resilience, and a fulfilling life.
My ideal client presents with symptoms of anxiety/ depression/ trauma/ addiction. They have developed coping strategies that now create more problems than they solve. They would like to learn more effective coping strategies They seek symptom-relief and increased life satisfaction. They desire healthier relationships and improved self-esteem. They're motivated to change, open to exploring underlying issues, and committed to therapy. Their goal is to achieve mental well-being, emotional resilience, and a fulfilling life.
(314) 668-9198 View (314) 668-9198
Photo of Quantum Consulting Group LLC, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Quantum Consulting Group LLC
Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC, BC-THC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101  (Online Only)
I'm Dr. Cal Spinks and I extend a hand of solidarity and understanding to all of you! With over a quarter-century of navigating the complex landscapes of the heart and mind, I established Quantum Consulting Group LLC. Our mission? To weave a haven of mental health support that honors the rich tapestry of your cultural experiences. Our dedicated therapists stand ready, embracing every hue of humanity with open arms. Because in this world of ours, every soul deserves a sanctuary that echoes their own voice. Step into the embrace of Quantum, where you're not just seen, but understood. Let's embark on this journey of healing together.
I'm Dr. Cal Spinks and I extend a hand of solidarity and understanding to all of you! With over a quarter-century of navigating the complex landscapes of the heart and mind, I established Quantum Consulting Group LLC. Our mission? To weave a haven of mental health support that honors the rich tapestry of your cultural experiences. Our dedicated therapists stand ready, embracing every hue of humanity with open arms. Because in this world of ours, every soul deserves a sanctuary that echoes their own voice. Step into the embrace of Quantum, where you're not just seen, but understood. Let's embark on this journey of healing together.
(314) 208-2718 View (314) 208-2718
Photo of Melissa A Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa A Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
**CURRENTLY HAVE WAITLIST FOR NEW CLIENTS** Melissa has been practicing clinical social work/psychotherapy with adolescents and adults for over 15 years, specializing in eating disorders, anxiety, depression, self-injury and grief/loss. She has an eclectic approach, drawing from psychodynamic, interpersonal and skills-based therapies including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Her approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, collaborative and integrative. She has a profound respect for the complexity of people's lives and experiences.
**CURRENTLY HAVE WAITLIST FOR NEW CLIENTS** Melissa has been practicing clinical social work/psychotherapy with adolescents and adults for over 15 years, specializing in eating disorders, anxiety, depression, self-injury and grief/loss. She has an eclectic approach, drawing from psychodynamic, interpersonal and skills-based therapies including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Her approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, collaborative and integrative. She has a profound respect for the complexity of people's lives and experiences.
(314) 696-6232 View (314) 696-6232
Photo of Carly Sparks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Carly Sparks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
KINETIC counseling specializes in trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, familial stress, and parenting. With 14 years of experience in family social work, Carly provides private counseling services which focus on a comprehensive appreciation of the complexity of people's lives and choices. She utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Stress Reduction techniques, Mindfulness strategies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy interventions. Carly works to incorporate a holistic approach embracing each person's interests, hobbies, educational background and belief system.
KINETIC counseling specializes in trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, familial stress, and parenting. With 14 years of experience in family social work, Carly provides private counseling services which focus on a comprehensive appreciation of the complexity of people's lives and choices. She utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Stress Reduction techniques, Mindfulness strategies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy interventions. Carly works to incorporate a holistic approach embracing each person's interests, hobbies, educational background and belief system.
(314) 310-0186 View (314) 310-0186
Photo of Celine Noelle Reinoso, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Celine Noelle Reinoso
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110  (Online Only)
You might be feeling gravity pulling you down, or fighting hard to keep afloat. Your friends and family might not understand, and you feel like all you have is yourself in your corner. You have been working hard to keep yourself safe–but what if you didn’t have to work so hard anymore? Let me be someone to offer a moment of relief, companionship, and compassion.
You might be feeling gravity pulling you down, or fighting hard to keep afloat. Your friends and family might not understand, and you feel like all you have is yourself in your corner. You have been working hard to keep yourself safe–but what if you didn’t have to work so hard anymore? Let me be someone to offer a moment of relief, companionship, and compassion.
(314) 350-7525 View (314) 350-7525
Photo of Solutions for Wellbeing, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Solutions for Wellbeing, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCDP-D, MARS
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
Our lives can get very busy--making it hard to find time for counseling. I provide counseling via Telehealth and offer convenient evening and weekend time slots. Life can sometimes “knock our socks off”—I focus on helping clients get back on track and thriving again. Together, we develop a step-by-step plan to identify the problem, explore possible solutions, and develop strategies to move forward. We will explore the things that are getting in the way of you feeling your best self.
Our lives can get very busy--making it hard to find time for counseling. I provide counseling via Telehealth and offer convenient evening and weekend time slots. Life can sometimes “knock our socks off”—I focus on helping clients get back on track and thriving again. Together, we develop a step-by-step plan to identify the problem, explore possible solutions, and develop strategies to move forward. We will explore the things that are getting in the way of you feeling your best self.
(314) 690-9876 View (314) 690-9876
Photo of Peter Kopcha, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Peter Kopcha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63128
Hello, my name is Peter and I provide general purpose mental health counseling. My goal is to help you restore emotional control of your life. I firmly believe that you are capable of positive change, that you can overcome distress, and that you will emerge a stronger person from your ordeal. Whether your struggles are temporary or more chronic in nature, I would be honored to listen to you, provide feedback, assist you in designing a treatment plan, and be your support throughout the process. I recognize your uniqueness as an individual and I will always respect your right to make decisions regarding treatment.
Hello, my name is Peter and I provide general purpose mental health counseling. My goal is to help you restore emotional control of your life. I firmly believe that you are capable of positive change, that you can overcome distress, and that you will emerge a stronger person from your ordeal. Whether your struggles are temporary or more chronic in nature, I would be honored to listen to you, provide feedback, assist you in designing a treatment plan, and be your support throughout the process. I recognize your uniqueness as an individual and I will always respect your right to make decisions regarding treatment.
(314) 451-7732 View (314) 451-7732
Photo of Erica Harmon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Erica Harmon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Many of my clients come to me feeling overwhelmed, disconnected from family or loved ones, hopeless about the future, or like they’re struggling to make decisions or meaningful change. They may be uncertain of how to start the process of change or healing, though they’re ready for growth and understanding.
Many of my clients come to me feeling overwhelmed, disconnected from family or loved ones, hopeless about the future, or like they’re struggling to make decisions or meaningful change. They may be uncertain of how to start the process of change or healing, though they’re ready for growth and understanding.
(314) 207-0130 View (314) 207-0130
Photo of Devora Tulcensky, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Devora Tulcensky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63130
As a psychologist, my approach is based on the simple premise that change and growth through psychotherapy depends upon a trusting relationship between client and psychotherapist. As that trust deepens, so does one's ability to articulate what has not yet been been articulated, to make connections that have not yet been made, and to be aware of greater subtleties in one's internal emotional states. This newly felt understanding, in an emotionally sensitive and supportive context is what leads to change. In this way, change may be seen to occur as an outcome of emotional growth, rather than primarily effortful behavior.
As a psychologist, my approach is based on the simple premise that change and growth through psychotherapy depends upon a trusting relationship between client and psychotherapist. As that trust deepens, so does one's ability to articulate what has not yet been been articulated, to make connections that have not yet been made, and to be aware of greater subtleties in one's internal emotional states. This newly felt understanding, in an emotionally sensitive and supportive context is what leads to change. In this way, change may be seen to occur as an outcome of emotional growth, rather than primarily effortful behavior.
(314) 266-5513 View (314) 266-5513
Photo of Leslie Hargus, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Leslie Hargus
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63124
My ideal clients are ages 13 and up. I thoroughly enjoy working with pre-teens and teenagers, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. The life-changing events associated with growing up in today's world are often stressful, and my purpose is to bring peace and clarity to those otherwise troubling moments.
My ideal clients are ages 13 and up. I thoroughly enjoy working with pre-teens and teenagers, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. The life-changing events associated with growing up in today's world are often stressful, and my purpose is to bring peace and clarity to those otherwise troubling moments.
(314) 786-3882 View (314) 786-3882
Photo of Kara Lynne Ressel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kara Lynne Ressel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
(636) 205-2391 View (636) 205-2391
Photo of Mark Patrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Mark Patrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients
I provide compassionate, nonjudgmental counseling to individuals and families. I am particularly passionate about working with adolescents and their family systems. Learn more and contact me for a free consultation at www.markpatrickcounseling.com.
I provide compassionate, nonjudgmental counseling to individuals and families. I am particularly passionate about working with adolescents and their family systems. Learn more and contact me for a free consultation at www.markpatrickcounseling.com.
(314) 325-1691 View (314) 325-1691
Photo of Rhoda M Stuart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Rhoda M Stuart
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC, CCATP
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63121
Not accepting new clients
Helloooooooo! How are you doing? Life, people, stuff and things have you in a head space where you really need to talk? Listened to? Not judged? Supported? Receive life management tools? Let's do that!
Helloooooooo! How are you doing? Life, people, stuff and things have you in a head space where you really need to talk? Listened to? Not judged? Supported? Receive life management tools? Let's do that!
(314) 470-9223 View (314) 470-9223
Photo of William Arrington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
William Arrington
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
(314) 907-0747 View (314) 907-0747

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.