Photo of Kimberly Stevens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kimberly Stevens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things for someone to do. Life is not always easy, and sometimes we cannot do it on our own. This is nothing to be ashamed of. Life changes can bring about anxiety, depressed mood, or other more serious symptoms. I can provide a comfortable, non-judgemental environment and help you sort through these emotions, regroup, and heal.
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things for someone to do. Life is not always easy, and sometimes we cannot do it on our own. This is nothing to be ashamed of. Life changes can bring about anxiety, depressed mood, or other more serious symptoms. I can provide a comfortable, non-judgemental environment and help you sort through these emotions, regroup, and heal.
(833) 470-1231 View (833) 470-1231
Photo of Ashley N Baugh - Embody Balance: Ashley N Baugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, MPH
Embody Balance: Ashley N Baugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
“Do you feel like some or all areas of your life are out of control? Are you navigating or planning for big changes and struggling with what comes next? Do you need someone who can sit with your difficult questions, uncomfortable feelings…and the reactions that come along with them? If so, let’s work together to bring your mind, body and actions into balance to help you find a sense of peace and direction as you move forward.
“Do you feel like some or all areas of your life are out of control? Are you navigating or planning for big changes and struggling with what comes next? Do you need someone who can sit with your difficult questions, uncomfortable feelings…and the reactions that come along with them? If so, let’s work together to bring your mind, body and actions into balance to help you find a sense of peace and direction as you move forward.
(618) 552-9627 View (618) 552-9627
Photo of Dr. Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(618) 328-5192 View (618) 328-5192
Photo of Stacy McCann - Stacy McCann: Parenting Intensives, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stacy McCann: Parenting Intensives
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
What's stopping you from being the mother and woman you want to be? Maybe it's total motherhood burnout. Constant overstimulation and overwhelm. Decision fatigue and mental load. Postpartum complications. Tantrums leaving you feeling helpless. Disconnection from your partner (and yourself). Your own past keeps resurfacing. Or maybe you've just lost sight of yourself, and who you want to be. Whatever the reason, there is help. I want to work with you to decrease overstimulation, overwhelm, and burnout, and support you in developing the coping skills to create a new path in motherhood, and in life!
What's stopping you from being the mother and woman you want to be? Maybe it's total motherhood burnout. Constant overstimulation and overwhelm. Decision fatigue and mental load. Postpartum complications. Tantrums leaving you feeling helpless. Disconnection from your partner (and yourself). Your own past keeps resurfacing. Or maybe you've just lost sight of yourself, and who you want to be. Whatever the reason, there is help. I want to work with you to decrease overstimulation, overwhelm, and burnout, and support you in developing the coping skills to create a new path in motherhood, and in life!
(618) 753-4462 View (618) 753-4462
Photo of Yvonne Mccall, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Yvonne Mccall
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Yvonne is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with 20+ years experience with individuals, couples and families working in a variety of settings, now focusing on her private practice. She specializes in depression, anxiety (including PTSD), stress management, addictions and life skills development. She combines cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, creativity, guided imagery, journaling, and 12 Step programs to address all facets of personal growth. Yvonne practices creativity in her own life as an exhibiting artist.
Yvonne is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with 20+ years experience with individuals, couples and families working in a variety of settings, now focusing on her private practice. She specializes in depression, anxiety (including PTSD), stress management, addictions and life skills development. She combines cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, creativity, guided imagery, journaling, and 12 Step programs to address all facets of personal growth. Yvonne practices creativity in her own life as an exhibiting artist.
(618) 494-6159 View (618) 494-6159
Photo of Cassandra Sissom, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Cassandra Sissom
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You wake up thinking about your child, who hardly talks to you; you can’t help but replay yesterday’s attempts to connect, which didn’t land. When you search for ways to support LGBTQ+ kids, it feels overwhelming and confusing. Lately, it’s been like walking on eggshells. You want to connect with your child but don’t know how. With their nose always on the phone, the silence in the house feels heavy. It’s hard to focus on work and other responsibilities. Your mind drifts to your child—how withdrawn they’ve become, the change in clothes, the anxiety and anger that seems to hang over them like a cloud. You feel helpless and confused.
You wake up thinking about your child, who hardly talks to you; you can’t help but replay yesterday’s attempts to connect, which didn’t land. When you search for ways to support LGBTQ+ kids, it feels overwhelming and confusing. Lately, it’s been like walking on eggshells. You want to connect with your child but don’t know how. With their nose always on the phone, the silence in the house feels heavy. It’s hard to focus on work and other responsibilities. Your mind drifts to your child—how withdrawn they’ve become, the change in clothes, the anxiety and anger that seems to hang over them like a cloud. You feel helpless and confused.
(618) 350-4178 View (618) 350-4178
Photo of Brian C Radzom - Radzom Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Radzom Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
We offer our clients from all walks of life a safe and welcoming place to explore their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without fear of judgment. We know that starting therapy can be a vulnerable and scary experience but we’re glad you’re here and we’re committed to supporting your growth. Our therapists are dedicated to breaking down the stigma around mental health care, recognizing that a thoughtful, measured approach can greatly benefit people managing the demands of their daily lives. We affirm all backgrounds and identities and aim to create an inclusive space where all voices are valued and empowered.
We offer our clients from all walks of life a safe and welcoming place to explore their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without fear of judgment. We know that starting therapy can be a vulnerable and scary experience but we’re glad you’re here and we’re committed to supporting your growth. Our therapists are dedicated to breaking down the stigma around mental health care, recognizing that a thoughtful, measured approach can greatly benefit people managing the demands of their daily lives. We affirm all backgrounds and identities and aim to create an inclusive space where all voices are valued and empowered.
(618) 248-2040 View (618) 248-2040
Photo of Katie Roemer, Counselor, LCPC, CCTP
Katie Roemer
Counselor, LCPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Katie spends much of her time working with individuals and couples at various stages in their life; helping them explore relationship patterns, healthy boundaries, and experiences from their past that may be contributing to conflict. She believes that we all desire connections with others, but often life experiences complicate this. Katie has extensive training in treating trauma and is a Certified Clinical Professional Trauma (CCTP) therapist.
Katie spends much of her time working with individuals and couples at various stages in their life; helping them explore relationship patterns, healthy boundaries, and experiences from their past that may be contributing to conflict. She believes that we all desire connections with others, but often life experiences complicate this. Katie has extensive training in treating trauma and is a Certified Clinical Professional Trauma (CCTP) therapist.
(618) 710-4019 View (618) 710-4019
Photo of Shyanna Kirby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, EMDR, Trained
Shyanna Kirby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, EMDR, Trained
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
You might find that in this moment, you are facing uncertainties about your identity and purpose, experiencing a sense of being adrift. It is possible that your current circumstances do not align with the plans you had envisioned for yourself. Adapting to a significant life transition might be presenting challenges for you as you navigate this uncharted territory. It's likely that the influence of your past experiences is shaping your current feelings and actions. Shyanna provides a tailored approach to therapy designed to meet your specific needs, ensuring that support is readily available for you.
You might find that in this moment, you are facing uncertainties about your identity and purpose, experiencing a sense of being adrift. It is possible that your current circumstances do not align with the plans you had envisioned for yourself. Adapting to a significant life transition might be presenting challenges for you as you navigate this uncharted territory. It's likely that the influence of your past experiences is shaping your current feelings and actions. Shyanna provides a tailored approach to therapy designed to meet your specific needs, ensuring that support is readily available for you.
(618) 417-7332 View (618) 417-7332
Photo of Laura Ann Valley Missouri Illinois, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Laura Ann Valley Missouri Illinois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
A favorite quote of mine is from George Eliot: "What do we live for, if not to make life less difficult for each other?" Sometimes we all need a little help. I know it's not easy to ask for help. When you're ready, I'm here to help you navigate through the challenges in your life and build upon your strengths.
A favorite quote of mine is from George Eliot: "What do we live for, if not to make life less difficult for each other?" Sometimes we all need a little help. I know it's not easy to ask for help. When you're ready, I'm here to help you navigate through the challenges in your life and build upon your strengths.
(618) 745-2749 View (618) 745-2749
Photo of Michelle Witt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Michelle Witt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Waitlist for new clients
We all face times in life that call for support and a safe environment to slow down and gain perspective about the challenges we face. I believe there is hope and consider it a privilege to walk with clients through the challenges they are facing.
We all face times in life that call for support and a safe environment to slow down and gain perspective about the challenges we face. I believe there is hope and consider it a privilege to walk with clients through the challenges they are facing.
(618) 248-8961 View (618) 248-8961
Photo of Breauna Nicole Hurd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Breauna Nicole Hurd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Hi there! My name is Breauna Hurd, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been in the clinical field for almost 3 years. I absolutely love that I can make a difference in people's lives by simply providing a safe space for clients. It is my goal to support, listen, advocate, and help you work through tough situations life can bring.
Hi there! My name is Breauna Hurd, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been in the clinical field for almost 3 years. I absolutely love that I can make a difference in people's lives by simply providing a safe space for clients. It is my goal to support, listen, advocate, and help you work through tough situations life can bring.
(618) 787-1693 View (618) 787-1693
Photo of Kaitlyn Wilson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , MA, LPC, LCPC
Kaitlyn Wilson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Hi! I'm glad you are here! I help clients who are struggling with confidence, communication, anxiety, life transitions, feeling stuck, or trying to find balance in their lives. My clients want to become the best versions of themselves, but need support to do so! I would love to be by your side through those tough times but I know finding someone who you vibe with is hard. I offer free 15-min phone consultations to see if we could be a good fit, so I hope I hear from you soon!
Hi! I'm glad you are here! I help clients who are struggling with confidence, communication, anxiety, life transitions, feeling stuck, or trying to find balance in their lives. My clients want to become the best versions of themselves, but need support to do so! I would love to be by your side through those tough times but I know finding someone who you vibe with is hard. I offer free 15-min phone consultations to see if we could be a good fit, so I hope I hear from you soon!
(618) 547-2880 View (618) 547-2880
Photo of Kaitlin Keister, Psychologist, PsyD
Kaitlin Keister
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello and welcome! I'm a licensed clinical health psychologist with broad experience in diverse healthcare environments. I assist individuals dealing with health challenges, from embracing healthier habits to handling chronic conditions. I recognize that navigating health issues can feel lonely and isolating, and I'm here to provide practical guidance to alleviate the burden of your illness. I offer support in areas such as pain management, weight control, smoking cessation, enhancing adherence to medical treatments, and coping with new diagnoses, among other health-related concerns.
Hello and welcome! I'm a licensed clinical health psychologist with broad experience in diverse healthcare environments. I assist individuals dealing with health challenges, from embracing healthier habits to handling chronic conditions. I recognize that navigating health issues can feel lonely and isolating, and I'm here to provide practical guidance to alleviate the burden of your illness. I offer support in areas such as pain management, weight control, smoking cessation, enhancing adherence to medical treatments, and coping with new diagnoses, among other health-related concerns.
(618) 602-2607 View (618) 602-2607
Photo of Christine Ballance, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Christine Ballance
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Now Accepting New Clients. What if you could talk openly about sex, intimacy, and identity in a space that truly sees you? Many people wrestle with societal expectations, internalized shame, or unspoken beliefs about what sex and relationships "should" look like. You might be seeking greater self-awareness, more satisfying self-pleasure, or support in navigating non-traditional relationship dynamics. Or perhaps you're processing the effects of past sexual trauma. Let's work together to create practical solutions and build confidence in your journey toward fulfillment and healing.
Now Accepting New Clients. What if you could talk openly about sex, intimacy, and identity in a space that truly sees you? Many people wrestle with societal expectations, internalized shame, or unspoken beliefs about what sex and relationships "should" look like. You might be seeking greater self-awareness, more satisfying self-pleasure, or support in navigating non-traditional relationship dynamics. Or perhaps you're processing the effects of past sexual trauma. Let's work together to create practical solutions and build confidence in your journey toward fulfillment and healing.
(618) 514-4842 View (618) 514-4842
Photo of Jane A Michener, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Jane A Michener
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that the clients who walk into my office are strong. They have an inner strength that is the cornerstone of change. The voice that says, "Enough, I'm taking back my life." Together, we will champion that strength to discover the blockages that have held you back or kept you suffering and create solutions and options to get you back on track. I passionately believe that you deserve better -- let's get to work. My approach to therapy is client centered and goal directed.
I believe that the clients who walk into my office are strong. They have an inner strength that is the cornerstone of change. The voice that says, "Enough, I'm taking back my life." Together, we will champion that strength to discover the blockages that have held you back or kept you suffering and create solutions and options to get you back on track. I passionately believe that you deserve better -- let's get to work. My approach to therapy is client centered and goal directed.
(917) 746-5660 View (917) 746-5660
Photo of Kevin Treloar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, DCSW
Kevin Treloar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Almost all of us struggle, from time to time, with worry, unhappiness, self-hate, despair and anger. With too many negative feelings, our interpersonal lives can become conflicted and dysfunctional. We may lose our friends, job, or even our life partner, Further, we may turn to any number of drugs or behaviors to try to manage our pain. Psychotherapy helps us to understand, cope with, and even change our painful feelings and behaviors. The goal is to enjoy and engage in life more fully, and move towards the goals that will give our lives meaning and value.
Almost all of us struggle, from time to time, with worry, unhappiness, self-hate, despair and anger. With too many negative feelings, our interpersonal lives can become conflicted and dysfunctional. We may lose our friends, job, or even our life partner, Further, we may turn to any number of drugs or behaviors to try to manage our pain. Psychotherapy helps us to understand, cope with, and even change our painful feelings and behaviors. The goal is to enjoy and engage in life more fully, and move towards the goals that will give our lives meaning and value.
(618) 699-4113 View (618) 699-4113
Photo of Marilyn Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Marilyn Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Marilyn is a Board Certified Art Therapist specializing in trauma-informed care and abuse recovery work. Marilyn has extensive experience working with adults and adolescents fleeing and recovering from domestic violence and sexual abuse, substance use recovery, depression, and anxiety. Marilyn also specializes in work with the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities and follows strengths-based, person-centered, empowerment-focused modalities.
Marilyn is a Board Certified Art Therapist specializing in trauma-informed care and abuse recovery work. Marilyn has extensive experience working with adults and adolescents fleeing and recovering from domestic violence and sexual abuse, substance use recovery, depression, and anxiety. Marilyn also specializes in work with the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities and follows strengths-based, person-centered, empowerment-focused modalities.
(618) 556-4784 View (618) 556-4784
Photo of Matthew Wilkinson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Matthew Wilkinson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Matt is prepared to work with diverse clients on a variety of topics and has a focus on relationships, communication, shame, guilt, trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. He allows for his client's to explore and express their thoughts, feelings, and behavior without judgment at a pace that they determine.
Matt is prepared to work with diverse clients on a variety of topics and has a focus on relationships, communication, shame, guilt, trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. He allows for his client's to explore and express their thoughts, feelings, and behavior without judgment at a pace that they determine.
(618) 368-4466 View (618) 368-4466
Photo of Roger Gunther, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Roger Gunther
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
"I aim to provide a caring counseling environment that promotes hope, healing and wholeness in your life." With 40+ years of experience working with individuals, couples and families, Roger is particularly skilled in helping individuals who are facing life transitions and with couples who are trying to get their relationships back on track. Roger utilizes Gottman based couples counseling methods with couples and addresses many types of concerns including grief, anxiety, depression, trauma and stress management with individuals. Roger has been described as having a calm and caring personality that puts clients at ease.
"I aim to provide a caring counseling environment that promotes hope, healing and wholeness in your life." With 40+ years of experience working with individuals, couples and families, Roger is particularly skilled in helping individuals who are facing life transitions and with couples who are trying to get their relationships back on track. Roger utilizes Gottman based couples counseling methods with couples and addresses many types of concerns including grief, anxiety, depression, trauma and stress management with individuals. Roger has been described as having a calm and caring personality that puts clients at ease.
(618) 202-5207 View (618) 202-5207
1

See more therapy options for 62025

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 62025

100+

Average cost per session

$147

Therapists in 62025 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
63% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
87% Cigna and Evernorth
85% Aetna

How Therapists in 62025 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 62025?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.