Therapists in 60648

Photo of Madeline William - Adapt Psychological Services, Psychologist, PsyD
Adapt Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Do you identify as neurodivergent, such as autistic, ADHD, or otherwise? Do you notice key differences in the way you process information, communicate, and problem solve? Our therapists are well-versed in neurodivergent and LGBTQ issues, and are committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment free of judgment or pretense. They are skilled at validating differences, supporting clients to create meaning, and helping to uncover their purpose and potential. You will be invited to speak candidly and explore your desires outside the bounds of rigid binaries and external expectations.
Do you identify as neurodivergent, such as autistic, ADHD, or otherwise? Do you notice key differences in the way you process information, communicate, and problem solve? Our therapists are well-versed in neurodivergent and LGBTQ issues, and are committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment free of judgment or pretense. They are skilled at validating differences, supporting clients to create meaning, and helping to uncover their purpose and potential. You will be invited to speak candidly and explore your desires outside the bounds of rigid binaries and external expectations.
(773) 232-5426 View (773) 232-5426
Photo of Evelia Czarnik, Counselor, LCPC
Evelia Czarnik
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Lia brings a thoughtful, grounded, and compassionate presence to her work with adults and teens. She creates a space where clients feel safe to explore what they’re experiencing—both emotionally and physically—as they work through anxiety, depression, and patterns that feel difficult to shift. Shaped by a multicultural upbringing and time spent living abroad, Evelia (Lia) offers a nonjudgmental, affirming, and open-minded therapeutic space. Lia is trained in EMDR and uses it to help clients better understand their thoughts, body sensations, and emotional responses, while supporting the development of more adaptive beliefs.
Lia brings a thoughtful, grounded, and compassionate presence to her work with adults and teens. She creates a space where clients feel safe to explore what they’re experiencing—both emotionally and physically—as they work through anxiety, depression, and patterns that feel difficult to shift. Shaped by a multicultural upbringing and time spent living abroad, Evelia (Lia) offers a nonjudgmental, affirming, and open-minded therapeutic space. Lia is trained in EMDR and uses it to help clients better understand their thoughts, body sensations, and emotional responses, while supporting the development of more adaptive beliefs.
(773) 830-2833 View (773) 830-2833
Photo of Dr. Thomas L Alexander, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Thomas L Alexander
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I understand that seeking therapy can feel daunting, especially when grappling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationship issues. With 10 years of experience as a therapist and an additional five years as a case manager, I've guided many individuals and couples through their unique challenges. Whether you're dealing with identity issues, work-related stress, or crises of confidence, I'm here to help you navigate these complexities with empathy and understanding.
I understand that seeking therapy can feel daunting, especially when grappling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationship issues. With 10 years of experience as a therapist and an additional five years as a case manager, I've guided many individuals and couples through their unique challenges. Whether you're dealing with identity issues, work-related stress, or crises of confidence, I'm here to help you navigate these complexities with empathy and understanding.
(269) 743-2996 View (269) 743-2996
Photo of Justin Freeman, Counselor, LCPC
Justin Freeman
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) based in Illinois. I received my MA in Clinical Psychology from Eastern Illinois University and have practiced for over 25 years. I enjoy helping people find hope again when struggling with depression, trauma, and self-injury. Life is hard, and sometimes we need to know that someone out there believes in us and knows that we can heal. In our first session, I want to answer any questions you may have and get to know each other briefly.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) based in Illinois. I received my MA in Clinical Psychology from Eastern Illinois University and have practiced for over 25 years. I enjoy helping people find hope again when struggling with depression, trauma, and self-injury. Life is hard, and sometimes we need to know that someone out there believes in us and knows that we can heal. In our first session, I want to answer any questions you may have and get to know each other briefly.
(708) 726-5917 View (708) 726-5917
Photo of Dr. Stephanie N Harris, Counselor, PsyD, LCPC
Dr. Stephanie N Harris
Counselor, PsyD, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with worry, sadness, or feeling lost in life? Feeling this way without knowing where to turn for support can feel lonely and confusing. Connecting with a therapist can be a profound step in moving towards healing. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, abuse, neglect, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and more. I have specialized training in helping people recover from trauma. Trauma can significantly impact how people view the world and relate to others. I help people heal from their painful experiences so they are able to feel more safe and secure in the world now.
Are you struggling with worry, sadness, or feeling lost in life? Feeling this way without knowing where to turn for support can feel lonely and confusing. Connecting with a therapist can be a profound step in moving towards healing. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, abuse, neglect, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and more. I have specialized training in helping people recover from trauma. Trauma can significantly impact how people view the world and relate to others. I help people heal from their painful experiences so they are able to feel more safe and secure in the world now.
(773) 492-6525 View (773) 492-6525
Photo of Alyse R Malmborg, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Alyse R Malmborg
Counselor, MA, LCPC
7 Endorsed
Online Only
You've Googled your symptoms, made the mental note to 'do something about it,' and kept pushing through — but the anxiety, the scattered thoughts, and the feeling that you're always one step behind aren't going away on their own. If that sounds familiar, you're in the right place. I'm Alyse, a certified Anxiety and ADHD specialist with 15 years of experience helping adults who are tired of feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or like they're constantly playing catch-up with their own lives.
You've Googled your symptoms, made the mental note to 'do something about it,' and kept pushing through — but the anxiety, the scattered thoughts, and the feeling that you're always one step behind aren't going away on their own. If that sounds familiar, you're in the right place. I'm Alyse, a certified Anxiety and ADHD specialist with 15 years of experience helping adults who are tired of feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or like they're constantly playing catch-up with their own lives.
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Photo of Latrece Madison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Latrece Madison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, and welcome. My name is Latrece Madison, and I’m a Licensed Clinical Therapist with over five years of experience working with adolescents in a range of settings, including juvenile justice programs, foster care systems, and specialized environments for youth with behavioral and emotional disabilities. I understand the unique challenges young people face and strive to create a safe, supportive space where they can feel heard, respected, and empowered to grow. Whether you're a teen seeking support or a caregiver looking for guidance, I’m here to help navigate the path forward together.
Hello, and welcome. My name is Latrece Madison, and I’m a Licensed Clinical Therapist with over five years of experience working with adolescents in a range of settings, including juvenile justice programs, foster care systems, and specialized environments for youth with behavioral and emotional disabilities. I understand the unique challenges young people face and strive to create a safe, supportive space where they can feel heard, respected, and empowered to grow. Whether you're a teen seeking support or a caregiver looking for guidance, I’m here to help navigate the path forward together.
(708) 505-8948 View (708) 505-8948

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mike Unhoch, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LMFT
Mike Unhoch
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I work with individuals, couples, and relationships of all kinds (straight and LGBTQ+). I consider societal and cultural influences while helping clients to explore their relationships, friendships, intimacy issues, identity, values, struggles with depression, anxiety, trauma, and other mental health concerns. I take a sex positive approach and am attuned to the needs of poly, non-monogamous, open, and kinky clients.
I work with individuals, couples, and relationships of all kinds (straight and LGBTQ+). I consider societal and cultural influences while helping clients to explore their relationships, friendships, intimacy issues, identity, values, struggles with depression, anxiety, trauma, and other mental health concerns. I take a sex positive approach and am attuned to the needs of poly, non-monogamous, open, and kinky clients.
(708) 202-9724 View (708) 202-9724
Photo of Keri A Morrison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Keri A Morrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60302
LifeSpan Counseling & Psychological Services offers a range of services to children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I am co-owner and have worked extensively as a child, adolescent, and family therapist. I believe that effective treatment begins with a comprehensive assessment so that an individualized plan can be mutually developed. My style is warm, supportive, and educational. Parents often come to me when they are having difficulties understanding and responding to their child's behavior. Children enjoy my developmentally appropriate style which helps them gain mastery over their anxiety, impulsivity or depression. I work closely with parents to ensure treatment success.
LifeSpan Counseling & Psychological Services offers a range of services to children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I am co-owner and have worked extensively as a child, adolescent, and family therapist. I believe that effective treatment begins with a comprehensive assessment so that an individualized plan can be mutually developed. My style is warm, supportive, and educational. Parents often come to me when they are having difficulties understanding and responding to their child's behavior. Children enjoy my developmentally appropriate style which helps them gain mastery over their anxiety, impulsivity or depression. I work closely with parents to ensure treatment success.
(708) 406-2416 View (708) 406-2416
Photo of Janet Goss, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Janet Goss
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Northbrook, IL 60062
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and have been working in the mental health field since 2003. I love working with adolescents, adults and couples with a variety of presenting concerns. My style is interactive, collaborative and direct. I work with clients to see their lives, relationships and concerns from a new perspective, helping them better understand their own strengths and abilities to make changes and reach their goals. I utilize various treatment techniques such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic and Solution Focused therapies to tailor an individual treatment plan for each client or couple.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and have been working in the mental health field since 2003. I love working with adolescents, adults and couples with a variety of presenting concerns. My style is interactive, collaborative and direct. I work with clients to see their lives, relationships and concerns from a new perspective, helping them better understand their own strengths and abilities to make changes and reach their goals. I utilize various treatment techniques such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic and Solution Focused therapies to tailor an individual treatment plan for each client or couple.
(847) 380-8216 x12 View (847) 380-8216 x12
Photo of Kelcie Rene Boring, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, ALMFT
Kelcie Rene Boring
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, ALMFT
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Sometimes things just feel off—in your relationship, the bedroom, or how you move through the world. As a marriage and family therapist, I look at the whole picture. I specialize in where relational health, trauma, and sexual well-being meet—areas we rarely talk about honestly. Whether you are navigating mismatched desire, infidelity, sexual shame, identity, kink, or complex trauma, I provide a safe, non-judgmental space. Using a somatic and Gottman-informed lens, I support individuals and couples exactly as they are. If you’ve felt you had to leave parts of yourself at the door in therapy, know that’s not how I work.
Sometimes things just feel off—in your relationship, the bedroom, or how you move through the world. As a marriage and family therapist, I look at the whole picture. I specialize in where relational health, trauma, and sexual well-being meet—areas we rarely talk about honestly. Whether you are navigating mismatched desire, infidelity, sexual shame, identity, kink, or complex trauma, I provide a safe, non-judgmental space. Using a somatic and Gottman-informed lens, I support individuals and couples exactly as they are. If you’ve felt you had to leave parts of yourself at the door in therapy, know that’s not how I work.
(773) 900-8509 View (773) 900-8509
Photo of Veronica Whitmire, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAGCS, CCTP-II, EMDR
Veronica Whitmire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAGCS, CCTP-II, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Hi, I’m Veronica, a therapist specializing in grief and trauma. Whether you're experiencing the death of a loved one, the loss of a pet, divorce, a job loss, pregnancy loss, a traumatic childhood experience, or recent traumatic event, I’m here to provide support to navigate these difficult and uncertain transition times. In the counseling process, I work to help you process difficult emotions, build resilience, and find a sense of peace again.
Hi, I’m Veronica, a therapist specializing in grief and trauma. Whether you're experiencing the death of a loved one, the loss of a pet, divorce, a job loss, pregnancy loss, a traumatic childhood experience, or recent traumatic event, I’m here to provide support to navigate these difficult and uncertain transition times. In the counseling process, I work to help you process difficult emotions, build resilience, and find a sense of peace again.
(331) 244-7379 View (331) 244-7379
Photo of Kenny Chan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Kenny Chan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
My focus is to create a supportive and collaborative space where you can explore challenges, find clarity, and regain balance. I work with individuals experiencing adjustment difficulties, anxiety, depression, men’s issues, and stress. I view therapy as a partnership, one that helps you identify patterns, build coping skills, and develop new perspectives that promote resilience and emotional growth.
My focus is to create a supportive and collaborative space where you can explore challenges, find clarity, and regain balance. I work with individuals experiencing adjustment difficulties, anxiety, depression, men’s issues, and stress. I view therapy as a partnership, one that helps you identify patterns, build coping skills, and develop new perspectives that promote resilience and emotional growth.
(847) 321-7924 View (847) 321-7924
Photo of BRIANNA ZIELKE - EMDR Group of Chicago, Brianna Zielke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
EMDR Group of Chicago, Brianna Zielke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I specialize in EMDR therapy for trauma, PTSD, anxiety, panic, OCD, and distressing memories. Many of my clients are high-functioning adults and teens who feel stuck despite years of traditional talk therapy. I provide in-person EMDR therapy in my Chicago office or virtually with telehealth services to clients across Illinois.
I specialize in EMDR therapy for trauma, PTSD, anxiety, panic, OCD, and distressing memories. Many of my clients are high-functioning adults and teens who feel stuck despite years of traditional talk therapy. I provide in-person EMDR therapy in my Chicago office or virtually with telehealth services to clients across Illinois.
(872) 328-7672 View (872) 328-7672
Photo of Leslie Pietruszka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Leslie Pietruszka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Chicago, IL 60630
Hi! I'm Leslie (she/her) and I'm glad you're checking out my corner of Psychology Today. It's my honor and privilege to witness people's healing in my therapy room (or virtual space). I specialize in the treatment of trauma and perinatal mental health, and my ideal clients are those who are brave enough to feel their deeply hurting parts, and who need help, guidance, or sometimes just a witness in finding their resilience. Maybe you're doing this for the first time ever, or for the 100th time. We've got this.
Hi! I'm Leslie (she/her) and I'm glad you're checking out my corner of Psychology Today. It's my honor and privilege to witness people's healing in my therapy room (or virtual space). I specialize in the treatment of trauma and perinatal mental health, and my ideal clients are those who are brave enough to feel their deeply hurting parts, and who need help, guidance, or sometimes just a witness in finding their resilience. Maybe you're doing this for the first time ever, or for the 100th time. We've got this.
(708) 576-4635 View (708) 576-4635
Photo of Barrie Isaac, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Barrie Isaac
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Are you struggling with disordered eating or poor body image? Maybe you also have challenges with anxiety/OCD, depression, or trauma. This may be your first time seeking help or you may be looking for the next step in your journey. I'm here to walk with you on that journey. My approach is grounded in a Health At Every Size (HAES) philosophy that emphasizes body neutrality, intuitive eating, and self-acceptance. Everyone deserves a healthy relationship with food and their body and I can hep you move toward this. Together, we can work to release internalized food rules and learn to respect and trust your body.
Are you struggling with disordered eating or poor body image? Maybe you also have challenges with anxiety/OCD, depression, or trauma. This may be your first time seeking help or you may be looking for the next step in your journey. I'm here to walk with you on that journey. My approach is grounded in a Health At Every Size (HAES) philosophy that emphasizes body neutrality, intuitive eating, and self-acceptance. Everyone deserves a healthy relationship with food and their body and I can hep you move toward this. Together, we can work to release internalized food rules and learn to respect and trust your body.
(312) 626-4395 View (312) 626-4395
Photo of Matthew Schneider, Psychologist, PsyD
Matthew Schneider
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
My approach to therapy emphasizes feelings of trust, safety, and authenticity to encourage you as you grow by developing self-knowledge and self-compassion throughout the therapeutic process. I draw from multiple perspectives to help understand and walk with you as you integrate your courage, creativity, curiosity, and strengths into your life. My clients use their strengths to address past memories, process difficult emotions and life experiences, and develop a vision for a hopeful and fulfilling future.
My approach to therapy emphasizes feelings of trust, safety, and authenticity to encourage you as you grow by developing self-knowledge and self-compassion throughout the therapeutic process. I draw from multiple perspectives to help understand and walk with you as you integrate your courage, creativity, curiosity, and strengths into your life. My clients use their strengths to address past memories, process difficult emotions and life experiences, and develop a vision for a hopeful and fulfilling future.
(708) 265-3883 View (708) 265-3883
Photo of Sarah Anteliz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Anteliz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
I work with individuals who are used to holding it all together but feel overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck beneath the surface. Many of my clients come in with persistent anxiety, low mood, or patterns that feel hard to change. They may be navigating life transitions, burnout, or cycles of overthinking and self-doubt.
I work with individuals who are used to holding it all together but feel overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck beneath the surface. Many of my clients come in with persistent anxiety, low mood, or patterns that feel hard to change. They may be navigating life transitions, burnout, or cycles of overthinking and self-doubt.
(331) 316-9639 View (331) 316-9639
Photo of Christina Bell, Counselor, LCPC, LMHC
Christina Bell
Counselor, LCPC, LMHC
I specialize in working with adolescent girls and young women dealing with issues related to anxiety, self-esteem, boundary setting, family conflict, and life transitions. My personal experience with these challenges, combined with my professional expertise, enhances my ability to support clients as they navigate the emotions and behaviors that occur as a result.
I specialize in working with adolescent girls and young women dealing with issues related to anxiety, self-esteem, boundary setting, family conflict, and life transitions. My personal experience with these challenges, combined with my professional expertise, enhances my ability to support clients as they navigate the emotions and behaviors that occur as a result.
(224) 496-6521 View (224) 496-6521
Photo of Margaret Olivieri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Margaret Olivieri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Evanston, IL 60201
Welcome to my practice. My name is Maggie Olivieri and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, providing psychodynamic psychotherapy for individuals. I help my clients understand their feelings so that they can learn to live more comfortably with the various challenges of life. Exploring earlier relationships and life experiences helps in understanding and managing feelings. With listening, empathy, and direct communication, I strive to help clients make the changes they long for. I earned my Bachelor of Arts from The University of California Berkeley and my Master of Social Work from, Loyola University of Chicago.
Welcome to my practice. My name is Maggie Olivieri and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, providing psychodynamic psychotherapy for individuals. I help my clients understand their feelings so that they can learn to live more comfortably with the various challenges of life. Exploring earlier relationships and life experiences helps in understanding and managing feelings. With listening, empathy, and direct communication, I strive to help clients make the changes they long for. I earned my Bachelor of Arts from The University of California Berkeley and my Master of Social Work from, Loyola University of Chicago.
(224) 252-8529 View (224) 252-8529

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 60648

< 10

Therapists in 60648 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
86% Stress
86% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
86% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 60648 see their clients

57% Online Only
43% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 60648?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.