Photo of Maria Luisa Michl, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Maria Luisa Michl
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Grove, IL 60081
Maria Michl is a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adolescent, young adult, and adult clients. She incorporates movement and creative arts to support anxiety, depression, trauma, work-life balance, and relationship concerns. Utilizing a person-centered approach with a focus on preventative skills and wellness, she helps clients overcome mental health challenges. Maria offers sessions in both English and Spanish.
Maria Michl is a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adolescent, young adult, and adult clients. She incorporates movement and creative arts to support anxiety, depression, trauma, work-life balance, and relationship concerns. Utilizing a person-centered approach with a focus on preventative skills and wellness, she helps clients overcome mental health challenges. Maria offers sessions in both English and Spanish.
(815) 974-0933 View (815) 974-0933
Photo of Nancy Peterson Walz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Nancy Peterson Walz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Spring Grove, IL 60081
Are you feeling overwhelmed worrying about finances, family, job and health concerns? Are you feeling depressed, anxious and isolated? I totally get it! So many people feel ashamed or weak when they want to seek help. Please do not let these feelings stop you. It is important to get the support & resources that you need now. It is in our nature to put others first. You need a safe place just for you to sort things out, express your feelings & fears then leave it there so you can be there for everyone else who needs you. Let me help!
Are you feeling overwhelmed worrying about finances, family, job and health concerns? Are you feeling depressed, anxious and isolated? I totally get it! So many people feel ashamed or weak when they want to seek help. Please do not let these feelings stop you. It is important to get the support & resources that you need now. It is in our nature to put others first. You need a safe place just for you to sort things out, express your feelings & fears then leave it there so you can be there for everyone else who needs you. Let me help!
(815) 240-8616 View (815) 240-8616
Photo of Audrey DaMore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , CADC
Audrey DaMore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , CADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Spring Grove, IL 60081
Are you feeling low or anxious, but can’t sort out why? Would you like to better understand your emotional and physical reactions? Maybe you’re noticing themes in your relationships and wondering how childhood experiences challenge these connections? Focused on soothing the nervous system and recognizing the parts that form you, our work together will help you restore your sense of wholeness. By honoring self-energy, letting go of burdens, and learning to trust your internal wisdom, you can find calm in everyday life.
Are you feeling low or anxious, but can’t sort out why? Would you like to better understand your emotional and physical reactions? Maybe you’re noticing themes in your relationships and wondering how childhood experiences challenge these connections? Focused on soothing the nervous system and recognizing the parts that form you, our work together will help you restore your sense of wholeness. By honoring self-energy, letting go of burdens, and learning to trust your internal wisdom, you can find calm in everyday life.
(779) 209-0965 View (779) 209-0965
Photo of Georgia Eger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Georgia Eger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe every person has the ability to heal, grow and change in the capacity that they desire. Whether you want to improve your communication skills, alleviate mental health symptoms, manage your emotions, or work on other areas of your life— therapy isn’t one size fits all. While my interpersonal approach is rooted in evidence based practices, it is tailored to fit your individual goals. Together, we can collaborate on the fundamental aspects of therapeutic work such as root causes of emotional struggles, providing necessary tools for understanding one’s innate traits + nervous system, and building healthier relationships.
I believe every person has the ability to heal, grow and change in the capacity that they desire. Whether you want to improve your communication skills, alleviate mental health symptoms, manage your emotions, or work on other areas of your life— therapy isn’t one size fits all. While my interpersonal approach is rooted in evidence based practices, it is tailored to fit your individual goals. Together, we can collaborate on the fundamental aspects of therapeutic work such as root causes of emotional struggles, providing necessary tools for understanding one’s innate traits + nervous system, and building healthier relationships.
(708) 426-1636 View (708) 426-1636
Photo of Karli Ortmann, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Karli Ortmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Spring Grove, IL 60081
Greetings and Salutations! I am so grateful that you have taken the time to explore my therapy profile! When our lives become difficult, it can cause us to feel disconnected from those around us and our intrapersonal sense of being. We can feel alone and without power over many aspects of our lives. When this happens, finding a connection can be scary, but also as simple as reaching out. By working together, I can help you find the best way to overcome your circumstances, achieve your goals and create a life that you can enjoy.
Greetings and Salutations! I am so grateful that you have taken the time to explore my therapy profile! When our lives become difficult, it can cause us to feel disconnected from those around us and our intrapersonal sense of being. We can feel alone and without power over many aspects of our lives. When this happens, finding a connection can be scary, but also as simple as reaching out. By working together, I can help you find the best way to overcome your circumstances, achieve your goals and create a life that you can enjoy.
(224) 269-8836 View (224) 269-8836
Photo of Lisa Marie Sabol, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Lisa Marie Sabol
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You do not have to feel alone with your problems or hold painful feelings inside. I want to assist you in dealing with emotions more effectively, changing relationships, behavior patterns, or negative outlook that may hold you back from experiencing a fulfilling and meaningful life. Allow me to help empower you in making lasting changes in your life by working together as a team to pursue your personal goals.
You do not have to feel alone with your problems or hold painful feelings inside. I want to assist you in dealing with emotions more effectively, changing relationships, behavior patterns, or negative outlook that may hold you back from experiencing a fulfilling and meaningful life. Allow me to help empower you in making lasting changes in your life by working together as a team to pursue your personal goals.
(815) 649-5333 View (815) 649-5333
Photo of Jill Horan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Jill Horan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I am not currently accepting new clients, but other therapists at my office are available. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone and that a trusting and secure partnership between client and therapist is essential to successfully reaching your treatment goals. I strive to create this collaborative relationship with you and to provide you with the tools, support, and education necessary to overcome obstacles in your life. We can work together to help you change relationships, negative outlook, or behavior patterns that are holding you back from feeling fulfilled or happy.
I am not currently accepting new clients, but other therapists at my office are available. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone and that a trusting and secure partnership between client and therapist is essential to successfully reaching your treatment goals. I strive to create this collaborative relationship with you and to provide you with the tools, support, and education necessary to overcome obstacles in your life. We can work together to help you change relationships, negative outlook, or behavior patterns that are holding you back from feeling fulfilled or happy.
(847) 260-9634 View (847) 260-9634
Photo of Ashley Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, PEL
Ashley Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, PEL
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life transitions, you're not alone. Maybe you're caught in cycles of overthinking or perfectionism, unsure how to break free. You're seeking lasting change—clarity, peace of mind, and a way to feel more grounded and in control. You want to reconnect with your authentic self, regain your confidence, and find a deeper sense of inner peace. I'm here to help you navigate these challenges and create the life you truly want.
If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life transitions, you're not alone. Maybe you're caught in cycles of overthinking or perfectionism, unsure how to break free. You're seeking lasting change—clarity, peace of mind, and a way to feel more grounded and in control. You want to reconnect with your authentic self, regain your confidence, and find a deeper sense of inner peace. I'm here to help you navigate these challenges and create the life you truly want.
(847) 250-4321 View (847) 250-4321

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kathleen Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kathleen Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is difficult and messy! What you planned for your life is not often how it turns out! Everyone struggles at times! You are not alone! It is a new year and a new beginning. A fresh start to change what's not working in your life. I have over 20 years experience and work with clients struggling with anxiety, stress, grief and loss, relationship issues, addiction, co-dependency, self-esteem and trauma. I am person centered and truly care and believe that every person is designed for a purpose. I will meet you where you are. I believe that there is hope in every situation and together we can overcome insurmountable obstacles.
Life is difficult and messy! What you planned for your life is not often how it turns out! Everyone struggles at times! You are not alone! It is a new year and a new beginning. A fresh start to change what's not working in your life. I have over 20 years experience and work with clients struggling with anxiety, stress, grief and loss, relationship issues, addiction, co-dependency, self-esteem and trauma. I am person centered and truly care and believe that every person is designed for a purpose. I will meet you where you are. I believe that there is hope in every situation and together we can overcome insurmountable obstacles.
(217) 906-3583 View (217) 906-3583
Photo of Christy Vavloukis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Christy Vavloukis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Looking for a therapist can be hard, but therapy doesn’t have to be! People seek help for many different reasons, but generally one common factor determines how effective therapy will be, the quality of the connection between the client and their therapist. I strive to make clients feel comfortable by providing a safe, nonjudgmental, and caring, atmosphere. I believe empathy, trust, curiosity, and humor are essential components to an effective therapeutic relationship. If this sounds like a good fit for you, I hope you will take that next step and call to see how I can be of help to you.
Looking for a therapist can be hard, but therapy doesn’t have to be! People seek help for many different reasons, but generally one common factor determines how effective therapy will be, the quality of the connection between the client and their therapist. I strive to make clients feel comfortable by providing a safe, nonjudgmental, and caring, atmosphere. I believe empathy, trust, curiosity, and humor are essential components to an effective therapeutic relationship. If this sounds like a good fit for you, I hope you will take that next step and call to see how I can be of help to you.
(224) 434-4188 View (224) 434-4188
Photo of Kristen Christensen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kristen Christensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Palatine, IL 60067
Traumatic events are painful and often result in wounds that can't be seen. I believe that understanding trauma and how trauma has affected you is the first step in healing from trauma. You don’t have to do this alone. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults – those who have experienced trauma and those who may be struggling with stress, anxiety, or depression. In addition, I also work with families experiencing separation or divorce. My goal is to help families effectively communicate while you try to figure out the emotional, physical, and custodial stressors that often accompany a divorce.
Traumatic events are painful and often result in wounds that can't be seen. I believe that understanding trauma and how trauma has affected you is the first step in healing from trauma. You don’t have to do this alone. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults – those who have experienced trauma and those who may be struggling with stress, anxiety, or depression. In addition, I also work with families experiencing separation or divorce. My goal is to help families effectively communicate while you try to figure out the emotional, physical, and custodial stressors that often accompany a divorce.
(224) 218-5148 View (224) 218-5148
Photo of Lynne Sheban, Psychologist, PhD
Lynne Sheban
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
Welcome to my practice! I am a licensed psychologist with a doctorate in both clinical and developmental psychology. I work with adults, adolescents, children, couples and families. I have training in various approaches to therapy, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and utilize those that best fit your needs. While we may look at your background to best understand your current situation, my primary focus is on improving your here and now functioning. I also coordinate care with your other providers or school personnel as needed. My clients find me to be very supportive, compassionate, and responsive to their needs.
Welcome to my practice! I am a licensed psychologist with a doctorate in both clinical and developmental psychology. I work with adults, adolescents, children, couples and families. I have training in various approaches to therapy, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and utilize those that best fit your needs. While we may look at your background to best understand your current situation, my primary focus is on improving your here and now functioning. I also coordinate care with your other providers or school personnel as needed. My clients find me to be very supportive, compassionate, and responsive to their needs.
(847) 302-0419 View (847) 302-0419
Photo of Voichita Moldovan, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Voichita Moldovan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Elgin, IL 60120
Hi my name is Voichita Moldovan! My initial focus and priority is to support the individuals that I work with in their development of trust and comfort in the therapy process. I encourage open communication and freedom of expression because it is important that individuals participating in therapy feel safe especially when sharing personal experiences and concerns. I believe in investment of effort and perseverance as two mechanisms that are catalysts for growth and success.
Hi my name is Voichita Moldovan! My initial focus and priority is to support the individuals that I work with in their development of trust and comfort in the therapy process. I encourage open communication and freedom of expression because it is important that individuals participating in therapy feel safe especially when sharing personal experiences and concerns. I believe in investment of effort and perseverance as two mechanisms that are catalysts for growth and success.
(224) 272-9216 View (224) 272-9216
Photo of Nicole Sherbert, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC , MA
Nicole Sherbert
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC , MA
Verified Verified
Crystal Lake, IL 60014
I take a person-centered, warm, and empathic approach to therapy that focuses on compassionately challenging you to identify and embrace your strengths. When engaging with clients, my hope is that you will leave each time feeling more encouraged and understood. I want you to feel that you can come to me and speak openly about anything. I strive to develop a collaborative environment with each client so they can feel safe and comfortable discussing what brought them to therapy, identify their goals, and take steps to building a meaningful life.
I take a person-centered, warm, and empathic approach to therapy that focuses on compassionately challenging you to identify and embrace your strengths. When engaging with clients, my hope is that you will leave each time feeling more encouraged and understood. I want you to feel that you can come to me and speak openly about anything. I strive to develop a collaborative environment with each client so they can feel safe and comfortable discussing what brought them to therapy, identify their goals, and take steps to building a meaningful life.
(815) 706-3762 View (815) 706-3762
Photo of Joy - Jyotsna Raina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Joy - Jyotsna Raina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
It takes courage to realize when you or your child are struggling, suffering, and unsure what to do. If you aren't living the life you want and need support, I'd be glad to help. Therapy can guide you to develop skills, tools, and the self understanding and self compassion you need to improve your life and your relationships I am passionate about helping people decrease their stress, improve their mental wellness, explore what is holding them back, and what stands in their way of creating the life they want and deserve to have. I encourage you to take a step forward and try therapy; Change, Growth, and Healing is possible for you.
It takes courage to realize when you or your child are struggling, suffering, and unsure what to do. If you aren't living the life you want and need support, I'd be glad to help. Therapy can guide you to develop skills, tools, and the self understanding and self compassion you need to improve your life and your relationships I am passionate about helping people decrease their stress, improve their mental wellness, explore what is holding them back, and what stands in their way of creating the life they want and deserve to have. I encourage you to take a step forward and try therapy; Change, Growth, and Healing is possible for you.
(224) 505-8468 View (224) 505-8468
Photo of Tony Iacubino, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Tony Iacubino
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Highland Park, IL 60035
My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is in concert with the best version of your self.​​​​ By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. ​ If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.--Tony
My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is in concert with the best version of your self.​​​​ By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. ​ If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.--Tony
(847) 505-0164 View (847) 505-0164
Photo of Tiana Henderson, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Tiana Henderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palatine, IL 60067
I enjoy working with teen and emerging adults, siblings, couples, and families. I am committed to helping them discover themselves and their worth as individuals. I believe everyone has the ability to overcome their internal battles and reach their goals with the proper guidance and skills.
I enjoy working with teen and emerging adults, siblings, couples, and families. I am committed to helping them discover themselves and their worth as individuals. I believe everyone has the ability to overcome their internal battles and reach their goals with the proper guidance and skills.
(224) 268-1833 x111 View (224) 268-1833 x111
Photo of EJ Tolle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
EJ Tolle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
When life gets too challenging, I'm here to help lighten your load . As a therapist for 25+ years, I have learned that relationships & connection to others is the basis for all healing. People can successfully move through their pain & disappointments by the simple act of talking to another person & being heard. I am dedicated to helping clients make changes which will enable them to fully enjoy their personal & professional lives. Finding a therapist that you connect with is essential. I offer a safe & supportive environment where we can work together to explore your challenges & determine what changes you would like to achieve.
When life gets too challenging, I'm here to help lighten your load . As a therapist for 25+ years, I have learned that relationships & connection to others is the basis for all healing. People can successfully move through their pain & disappointments by the simple act of talking to another person & being heard. I am dedicated to helping clients make changes which will enable them to fully enjoy their personal & professional lives. Finding a therapist that you connect with is essential. I offer a safe & supportive environment where we can work together to explore your challenges & determine what changes you would like to achieve.
(224) 204-0910 View (224) 204-0910
Photo of Celeste Faulkner, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Celeste Faulkner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you want to learn how to manage your life in more effective ways? When circumstances or past experiences feel outside of your control they can impact your emotional distress, mood, lack of boundaries and confidence. This in turn impacts your overall functioning, coping mechanisms and motivation for change. Professional support is a foundational and useful tool to develop management of factors that may be better controlled, adapting to factors outside of our control and developing an ability to recognize the difference. Let’s partner & explore strategies that support accomplishing your goals and building the life you desire!
Do you want to learn how to manage your life in more effective ways? When circumstances or past experiences feel outside of your control they can impact your emotional distress, mood, lack of boundaries and confidence. This in turn impacts your overall functioning, coping mechanisms and motivation for change. Professional support is a foundational and useful tool to develop management of factors that may be better controlled, adapting to factors outside of our control and developing an ability to recognize the difference. Let’s partner & explore strategies that support accomplishing your goals and building the life you desire!
(872) 231-3742 View (872) 231-3742
Photo of Jordon Wolf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Jordon Wolf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you stuck, struggling or just looking to make personal improvements and soar to new heights? Are you having difficulties in your relationship, falling short at work or plainly not where you want to be in your life? Life is hard. One of the most profound things I have ever heard is, "if you keep doing what you always have done...you will always get what you always got". You must do something different. If you want something different than what you currently have call me now and let's get started!!! Together let's see how I can help you identify those stuck points, reset your goals and help you be successful!
Are you stuck, struggling or just looking to make personal improvements and soar to new heights? Are you having difficulties in your relationship, falling short at work or plainly not where you want to be in your life? Life is hard. One of the most profound things I have ever heard is, "if you keep doing what you always have done...you will always get what you always got". You must do something different. If you want something different than what you currently have call me now and let's get started!!! Together let's see how I can help you identify those stuck points, reset your goals and help you be successful!
(708) 381-1513 View (708) 381-1513

See more therapy options for 60081

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 60081

< 10

Therapists in 60081 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
75% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 60081 see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 60081?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.