Therapists in 55403

Photo of Jan Jirak, Psychologist, MA, LP, SEP, PLLC
Jan Jirak
Psychologist, MA, LP, SEP, PLLC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
If you are hurting, anxious or stuck, you know that life presents challenges and transitions that can be confusing and difficult. These can be navigated more easily if you have a non-judgmental listener with a well-stocked toolbox. I can help you with a variety of issues: stress, anxiety, many kinds of trauma (childhood abuse and neglect, historical and cultural trauma, losses, falls, car accidents, etc), procrastination, the challenges of growing older, the desire to find and follow your passion. I can help you sort out your questions and nourish your strengths.
If you are hurting, anxious or stuck, you know that life presents challenges and transitions that can be confusing and difficult. These can be navigated more easily if you have a non-judgmental listener with a well-stocked toolbox. I can help you with a variety of issues: stress, anxiety, many kinds of trauma (childhood abuse and neglect, historical and cultural trauma, losses, falls, car accidents, etc), procrastination, the challenges of growing older, the desire to find and follow your passion. I can help you sort out your questions and nourish your strengths.
(952) 314-5400 View (952) 314-5400
Photo of Catherine Russell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Catherine Russell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I work with families who have experienced a variety of traumas in my work at Children's Hospital in Minneapolis and St. Paul. Much of the that job involves counseling parents who have lost an infant or child, or who have a child with chronic health problems, or whose child has a life threatening condition. In addition, couples who try to have another child after a loss have specific needs. When interventions are available to address the trauma of child illness or death right away, we can sometimes reduce the severity of the struggles with their trauma.
I work with families who have experienced a variety of traumas in my work at Children's Hospital in Minneapolis and St. Paul. Much of the that job involves counseling parents who have lost an infant or child, or who have a child with chronic health problems, or whose child has a life threatening condition. In addition, couples who try to have another child after a loss have specific needs. When interventions are available to address the trauma of child illness or death right away, we can sometimes reduce the severity of the struggles with their trauma.
(612) 260-4569 View (612) 260-4569
Photo of Nicole Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Nicole Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
You can't stop the waves, but you can learn to surf. – Jon Kabat-Zinn Welcome to a transformative journey of self-discovery and holistic healing. I'm Nicole Hill, and I'm here to guide you on your path to personal growth. Taking the first step towards therapy is an act of courage, and I'm committed to supporting you every step of the way. With a deep passion for mindfulness and a person-centered approach, I'm dedicated to helping individuals of all ages navigate life's challenges. My practice is firmly rooted in the belief that overall well-being is intricately connected to the mind-body relationship.
You can't stop the waves, but you can learn to surf. – Jon Kabat-Zinn Welcome to a transformative journey of self-discovery and holistic healing. I'm Nicole Hill, and I'm here to guide you on your path to personal growth. Taking the first step towards therapy is an act of courage, and I'm committed to supporting you every step of the way. With a deep passion for mindfulness and a person-centered approach, I'm dedicated to helping individuals of all ages navigate life's challenges. My practice is firmly rooted in the belief that overall well-being is intricately connected to the mind-body relationship.
(612) 662-8027 View (612) 662-8027
Photo of Kerry Anderson, Psychologist, MA, LP
Kerry Anderson
Psychologist, MA, LP
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I have been in the field of mental health for 30 plus years. My primary specialties include anxiety, depression, trauma/EMDR, couples, and post-partum concerns. I am also trained in Internal Family Systems, Love and Logic Parenting, and I have expertise in chemical dependency as well. I work with individual adults, couples, adolescents, college age youth.
I have been in the field of mental health for 30 plus years. My primary specialties include anxiety, depression, trauma/EMDR, couples, and post-partum concerns. I am also trained in Internal Family Systems, Love and Logic Parenting, and I have expertise in chemical dependency as well. I work with individual adults, couples, adolescents, college age youth.
(612) 324-4925 x743 View (612) 324-4925 x743
Photo of Vaughn Powell, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Vaughn Powell
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Email is the best way to communicate with me. I work with individuals who seek to better understand themselves and how they interact with the world. My job is to build meaningful connections with my clients so that I can identify relational patterns that contribute to depression and anxiety, guilt, overwhelm and shame. I have learned that how we chose to relate to caregivers in childhood influences how we create and maintain relationships in adulthood. I help clients become aware of the cycle that is being unconsciously repeated so that they can eventually exercise choice to change.
Email is the best way to communicate with me. I work with individuals who seek to better understand themselves and how they interact with the world. My job is to build meaningful connections with my clients so that I can identify relational patterns that contribute to depression and anxiety, guilt, overwhelm and shame. I have learned that how we chose to relate to caregivers in childhood influences how we create and maintain relationships in adulthood. I help clients become aware of the cycle that is being unconsciously repeated so that they can eventually exercise choice to change.
(612) 429-4734 View (612) 429-4734
Photo of Stacy Christensen, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Stacy Christensen
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in recovering from interpersonal trauma, body image concerns and disordered eating, OCD, chronic pain, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, health-related and illness anxiety, specific phobias, and panic. I utilize an integrative approach that empowers clients to internalize the therapeutic process and develop sustainable change. I incorporate Dynamic and Relational approaches, ACT, IFS, mindfulness-based interventions, and trauma focused therapies. I’m knowledgeable in interpersonal neurobiology and take a science-based approach to understanding the development of mental illness and the achievement of mental wellness.
I specialize in recovering from interpersonal trauma, body image concerns and disordered eating, OCD, chronic pain, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, health-related and illness anxiety, specific phobias, and panic. I utilize an integrative approach that empowers clients to internalize the therapeutic process and develop sustainable change. I incorporate Dynamic and Relational approaches, ACT, IFS, mindfulness-based interventions, and trauma focused therapies. I’m knowledgeable in interpersonal neurobiology and take a science-based approach to understanding the development of mental illness and the achievement of mental wellness.
(763) 296-2813 View (763) 296-2813
Photo of Matt Gentles - Reviving Roots, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Reviving Roots
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
5 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I envision my ideal client as someone navigating anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. They seek understanding, a safe space, and coping skills. Their goals include symptom management, improved relationships, self-understanding, and personal growth. They desire to feel better, to improve their quality of life, and to lead a fulfilling, balanced, and happy life. They are ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing, and I am here to guide and support them every step of the way.
I envision my ideal client as someone navigating anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. They seek understanding, a safe space, and coping skills. Their goals include symptom management, improved relationships, self-understanding, and personal growth. They desire to feel better, to improve their quality of life, and to lead a fulfilling, balanced, and happy life. They are ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing, and I am here to guide and support them every step of the way.
(612) 662-4864 View (612) 662-4864
Photo of Annette Schulz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Annette Schulz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Life hands us many experiences. Sometimes we struggle with things beyond our control. Difficult thoughts, feelings or circumstances. Therapy gets to be a space where you are supported with whatever it is. Addressing current stressors, finding new ways to cope or heal from past experiences. You may be focused on self-growth, life transitions or building better relationships or intimacy. In therapy, you get to do those things.
Life hands us many experiences. Sometimes we struggle with things beyond our control. Difficult thoughts, feelings or circumstances. Therapy gets to be a space where you are supported with whatever it is. Addressing current stressors, finding new ways to cope or heal from past experiences. You may be focused on self-growth, life transitions or building better relationships or intimacy. In therapy, you get to do those things.
(612) 294-7846 View (612) 294-7846
Photo of Jeff Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Jeff Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Are you struggling with feeling like an outsider, experiencing abuse or bullying, dealing with anxiety or depression, or working in a toxic environment? Do you need a safe space to process your thoughts and emotions without fear of judgment? Are you seeking validation, understanding, and a way to heal from past traumas? Is your goal to gain tools to cope with life's challenges and feel empowered to make positive changes? If so, seeking therapy is a courageous and important step towards achieving your mental health and well-being.
Are you struggling with feeling like an outsider, experiencing abuse or bullying, dealing with anxiety or depression, or working in a toxic environment? Do you need a safe space to process your thoughts and emotions without fear of judgment? Are you seeking validation, understanding, and a way to heal from past traumas? Is your goal to gain tools to cope with life's challenges and feel empowered to make positive changes? If so, seeking therapy is a courageous and important step towards achieving your mental health and well-being.
(612) 501-6807 View (612) 501-6807
Photo of Kara Collins, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Kara Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Please note: I am no longer accepting new couples therapy clients. I have occasional openings for individual clients. Introduction: My most common client is someone wanting to work on their marriage/intimate relationship. These clients typically feel frustrated, unheard, and anxious about the state of their partnership. Many don’t know how to achieve change in their marriage or what healthy/fair expectations would look like. Although the most common goal for my clients is to save their marriage or mend a broken connection, sometimes they specifically need help leaving a relationship that no longer serves them.
Please note: I am no longer accepting new couples therapy clients. I have occasional openings for individual clients. Introduction: My most common client is someone wanting to work on their marriage/intimate relationship. These clients typically feel frustrated, unheard, and anxious about the state of their partnership. Many don’t know how to achieve change in their marriage or what healthy/fair expectations would look like. Although the most common goal for my clients is to save their marriage or mend a broken connection, sometimes they specifically need help leaving a relationship that no longer serves them.
(612) 294-0790 x3 View (612) 294-0790 x3
Photo of Karen Rind-Siegel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Karen Rind-Siegel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
At times, life presents us with challenges that seem insurmountable on our own. I am here to help you access your own resilience and self-knowledge. Or, maybe, you are simply in need of someone who can listen, encourage, and help you envision a path forward. My goal is to provide a nonjudgmental space for adults and adolescents to process, heal, and grow as individuals. I believe that psychological pain can be remedied by the building of empathic and collaborative relationships.
At times, life presents us with challenges that seem insurmountable on our own. I am here to help you access your own resilience and self-knowledge. Or, maybe, you are simply in need of someone who can listen, encourage, and help you envision a path forward. My goal is to provide a nonjudgmental space for adults and adolescents to process, heal, and grow as individuals. I believe that psychological pain can be remedied by the building of empathic and collaborative relationships.
(651) 661-4401 View (651) 661-4401
Photo of Rachel Spyhalski, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rachel Spyhalski
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Currently accepting new clients! I work with teens and adults to process various mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma exposure. My work also addresses concerns related to self-esteem, processing major life transitions, and managing relationships. My approach is rooted in the belief that the therapeutic relationship can serve as a special bond through which you can discover new self truths, identify your strengths, cultivate resilience, and feel empowered to reauthor your own story.
Currently accepting new clients! I work with teens and adults to process various mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma exposure. My work also addresses concerns related to self-esteem, processing major life transitions, and managing relationships. My approach is rooted in the belief that the therapeutic relationship can serve as a special bond through which you can discover new self truths, identify your strengths, cultivate resilience, and feel empowered to reauthor your own story.
(612) 439-3081 View (612) 439-3081
Photo of Izaak Davison-Kerwood, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MA
Izaak Davison-Kerwood
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MA
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Waitlist for new clients
I am not taking on new individual clients at this time, but am taking on new clients for my adult ADHD group which meets Saturdays and weekday evenings! We all encounter complex and entrenched patterns or "loops" we get stuck in, and my goal is to help you learn about and work through them. In this process, we explore how thoughts and interpretations may or may not serve you or align with your goals. Using a strength- and values-based approach, we seek an alternative path.
I am not taking on new individual clients at this time, but am taking on new clients for my adult ADHD group which meets Saturdays and weekday evenings! We all encounter complex and entrenched patterns or "loops" we get stuck in, and my goal is to help you learn about and work through them. In this process, we explore how thoughts and interpretations may or may not serve you or align with your goals. Using a strength- and values-based approach, we seek an alternative path.
(612) 439-7302 View (612) 439-7302
Photo of Kian Zlutnick Rank, Counselor, LPCC, MA
Kian Zlutnick Rank
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Therapy with me is centered on simultaneously understanding and caring for the coping strategies you've developed, and having the courage to heal. I use a psychodynamic and relational approach, which means we will explore childhood experiences and how those affect you today. We will also focus on developing the client-therapist relationship so that you feel secure enough to receive support and begin to trust yourself, as well as to make meaningful connections outside of therapy sessions.
Therapy with me is centered on simultaneously understanding and caring for the coping strategies you've developed, and having the courage to heal. I use a psychodynamic and relational approach, which means we will explore childhood experiences and how those affect you today. We will also focus on developing the client-therapist relationship so that you feel secure enough to receive support and begin to trust yourself, as well as to make meaningful connections outside of therapy sessions.
(612) 800-0473 View (612) 800-0473
Photo of Kailey M. Everett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Kailey M. Everett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Waitlist for new clients
Your mental health matters! I am here to help you move forward if you’ve experienced trauma and emotional pain that may be interfering with your relationships, keeping you stuck, and inhibiting your ability to live a life of emotional freedom. Making the decision to seek therapy takes courage and can be an intimidating process. I approach therapy with curiosity, patience, compassion, and respect for your unique life and experience. I will not pathologize you. I will walk beside you as you face your challenges and offer support, a deeper understanding, and guidance.
Your mental health matters! I am here to help you move forward if you’ve experienced trauma and emotional pain that may be interfering with your relationships, keeping you stuck, and inhibiting your ability to live a life of emotional freedom. Making the decision to seek therapy takes courage and can be an intimidating process. I approach therapy with curiosity, patience, compassion, and respect for your unique life and experience. I will not pathologize you. I will walk beside you as you face your challenges and offer support, a deeper understanding, and guidance.
(612) 662-9861 x8 View (612) 662-9861 x8
Photo of Sophie Fesser, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
Sophie Fesser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I see therapy not as a surgical procedure to fix brokenness, but rather as a process similar to exercise—aimed at enhancing our existing strengths, resilience, and capacity for growth. I work to cultivate a safe space where individuals can sift through the noise of every day stress and painful memories of the past to discover new pathways forward. I strive to understand clients’ stories within the context of the many different systems surrounding them. I believe that our collective healing and liberation is tied to one another and that therapy can help us to reconnect to ourselves so we can better show up in our community.
I see therapy not as a surgical procedure to fix brokenness, but rather as a process similar to exercise—aimed at enhancing our existing strengths, resilience, and capacity for growth. I work to cultivate a safe space where individuals can sift through the noise of every day stress and painful memories of the past to discover new pathways forward. I strive to understand clients’ stories within the context of the many different systems surrounding them. I believe that our collective healing and liberation is tied to one another and that therapy can help us to reconnect to ourselves so we can better show up in our community.
(763) 298-2757 View (763) 298-2757
Photo of Steve Palmer, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Steve Palmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I work with clients to set goals that make sense to them, and then bring the right therapy resources to help them meet those goals. If someone needs a practical solution to a right-now problem, we start there. If someone wants a place to feel seen and heard with compassion while they think their concerns through, we start there. It's my job to know as much as I can about the field of psychology and therapy - and bring that information to the conversation with you. Your only job is just to come as you are!
I work with clients to set goals that make sense to them, and then bring the right therapy resources to help them meet those goals. If someone needs a practical solution to a right-now problem, we start there. If someone wants a place to feel seen and heard with compassion while they think their concerns through, we start there. It's my job to know as much as I can about the field of psychology and therapy - and bring that information to the conversation with you. Your only job is just to come as you are!
(651) 384-2573 View (651) 384-2573
Photo of Ming Chong, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Ming Chong
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I believe in an integrative approach to counseling, where I adapt my interventions to best suit each client. I draw from different methods such as person-centered therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as experiential approaches such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques. My aim is to provide a safe, respectful, unbiased space for you to share your life adventures, regardless of where you come from or what your story is. I like to ask new questions, bring a unique perspective, and help clients explore their options. I provide therapy for kids, teens, adults, and couples, with a special interest in multi-cultural couples.
I believe in an integrative approach to counseling, where I adapt my interventions to best suit each client. I draw from different methods such as person-centered therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as experiential approaches such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques. My aim is to provide a safe, respectful, unbiased space for you to share your life adventures, regardless of where you come from or what your story is. I like to ask new questions, bring a unique perspective, and help clients explore their options. I provide therapy for kids, teens, adults, and couples, with a special interest in multi-cultural couples.
(763) 343-8332 View (763) 343-8332
Photo of Adriana Quinones, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RYT200
Adriana Quinones
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RYT200
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If this is your first time seeking therapy, know that you are not alone—we’ve all taken that first step. A safe, supportive space is waiting for you. I understand how challenging life can be, and I’m here to walk alongside you. I believe that difficult moments hold the potential for growth, and I strive to create a compassionate, emotionally safe environment in every session. Together, we can explore practical coping strategies to help you manage life’s challenges, heal from past trauma, and build a healthier, more positive self-image—one rooted in self-love and forgiveness.
If this is your first time seeking therapy, know that you are not alone—we’ve all taken that first step. A safe, supportive space is waiting for you. I understand how challenging life can be, and I’m here to walk alongside you. I believe that difficult moments hold the potential for growth, and I strive to create a compassionate, emotionally safe environment in every session. Together, we can explore practical coping strategies to help you manage life’s challenges, heal from past trauma, and build a healthier, more positive self-image—one rooted in self-love and forgiveness.
(612) 482-5751 View (612) 482-5751
Photo of Olivia L. Elick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Olivia L. Elick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Being where you are, can be one of the most confusing, absurd, devastating, and yet somehow radically affirmative places to be.How we experience, embody, and relate to these emotions can keep us feeling simultaneously stuck in one place, while still feeling completely lost. Olivia offers a space where we can be together in all of it – all of the thoughts, feelings, sensations, stories and lineages we all carry. Olivia strives to stay rooted in the relational work of healing justice, mindfulness, acceptance/commitment strategies, harm- reduction, and liberatory health. Olivia offers individual long and short term therapy for adults.
Being where you are, can be one of the most confusing, absurd, devastating, and yet somehow radically affirmative places to be.How we experience, embody, and relate to these emotions can keep us feeling simultaneously stuck in one place, while still feeling completely lost. Olivia offers a space where we can be together in all of it – all of the thoughts, feelings, sensations, stories and lineages we all carry. Olivia strives to stay rooted in the relational work of healing justice, mindfulness, acceptance/commitment strategies, harm- reduction, and liberatory health. Olivia offers individual long and short term therapy for adults.
(763) 645-8627 View (763) 645-8627

See more therapy options for 55403

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 55403

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 55403 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% HealthPartners of MN and WI
72% UCare

How Therapists in 55403 see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
25% Male
6% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 55403?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.