Therapists in 54512

Photo of Susan Greene, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Susan Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Neuroscience is showing us what we have known instinctually forever; that it is through nurturing relationships that healing and human growth occurs. If we have been wounded in relationship or have unresolved trauma from the past, our fear and reactivity can prevent us from seeking and maintaining nurturing and safe connections with self and others. I am a licensed therapist in CA and WI and work online with residents of those two states only. My practice is fee for service only.
Neuroscience is showing us what we have known instinctually forever; that it is through nurturing relationships that healing and human growth occurs. If we have been wounded in relationship or have unresolved trauma from the past, our fear and reactivity can prevent us from seeking and maintaining nurturing and safe connections with self and others. I am a licensed therapist in CA and WI and work online with residents of those two states only. My practice is fee for service only.
(707) 677-6043 View (707) 677-6043

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lisa Mohawk - Majestic Wellness Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAC
Majestic Wellness Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAC
Woodruff, WI 54568
If anxiety, depression, trauma, or AODA struggles are weighing you down, know that you're not alone. I'm here to offer unwavering support, specializing in helping individuals navigate the complexities of substance abuse and mental health challenges. Together, we'll explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, empowering you to take ownership of your life and forge positive, lasting change. I'm committed to guiding you through the challenging yet transformative journey of self-discovery, helping you unlock your true potential and embrace the healing process.
If anxiety, depression, trauma, or AODA struggles are weighing you down, know that you're not alone. I'm here to offer unwavering support, specializing in helping individuals navigate the complexities of substance abuse and mental health challenges. Together, we'll explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, empowering you to take ownership of your life and forge positive, lasting change. I'm committed to guiding you through the challenging yet transformative journey of self-discovery, helping you unlock your true potential and embrace the healing process.
(715) 314-3179 View (715) 314-3179
Photo of Paula J Hillmann, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Paula J Hillmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Serves Area
I am Dr. Paula Hillmann, a counseling psychologist, and "Dr. Paula" to my clients. Let me help you find your pathway to fulfillment and happiness. My life coaching approach guides and supports people who are experiencing problems related to their life and careers. I have special interest in working with transitions related to career changes, sudden caregiving, illness, aging, end-of-life issues and grief/bereavement. I have expertise in giftedness across the lifespan. Additionally I work with rural families, with people from many cultures, and with those who have gender variances.
I am Dr. Paula Hillmann, a counseling psychologist, and "Dr. Paula" to my clients. Let me help you find your pathway to fulfillment and happiness. My life coaching approach guides and supports people who are experiencing problems related to their life and careers. I have special interest in working with transitions related to career changes, sudden caregiving, illness, aging, end-of-life issues and grief/bereavement. I have expertise in giftedness across the lifespan. Additionally I work with rural families, with people from many cultures, and with those who have gender variances.
(262) 316-4855 View (262) 316-4855
Photo of James W Gilbert, Counselor, LCPC, CADC, CRC
James W Gilbert
Counselor, LCPC, CADC, CRC
3 Endorsed
Eagle River, WI 54521
As a LCPC (Illinois) and LPC (Wisconsin), Addictions Counselor and Rehabilitation Counselor with 18 years of clinical experience, I have a desire to learn an individual’s strengths, needs, abilities & preferences by providing counseling to clients from age 14 and up, veterans and couples. I utilize proven methods addressing issues with Substance Use Disorders, PTSD, Depression and Anxiety. As a veteran, my personal journey achieving wellness facilitates an added level of empathy and optimism, while concurrently allows for exploring and addressing incongruencies in behaviors in a manner which enhances the client’s desired outcome.
As a LCPC (Illinois) and LPC (Wisconsin), Addictions Counselor and Rehabilitation Counselor with 18 years of clinical experience, I have a desire to learn an individual’s strengths, needs, abilities & preferences by providing counseling to clients from age 14 and up, veterans and couples. I utilize proven methods addressing issues with Substance Use Disorders, PTSD, Depression and Anxiety. As a veteran, my personal journey achieving wellness facilitates an added level of empathy and optimism, while concurrently allows for exploring and addressing incongruencies in behaviors in a manner which enhances the client’s desired outcome.
(331) 215-9762 View (331) 215-9762
Photo of Jennifer L Rossmann - Somatic Trauma Therapy - Jennifer Rossmann, Counselor, LPC-IT
Somatic Trauma Therapy - Jennifer Rossmann
Counselor, LPC-IT
9 Endorsed
Serves Area
You’ve always been the one to hold it all together. You push through the anxiety, heaviness, and burnout — even when it feels like you’re unraveling inside. You wonder why grief still lingers, why old memories still sting, why it’s so hard to feel connected. You’re tired of being everything for everyone and still feeling unseen. You rarely talk about the past, but it lives in your body, in your relationships, in the way you keep going. You crave peace, clarity, and space to just be. You’re ready to stop surviving and finally feel whole — even if you’re not sure where to begin. You want more than just coping — you want healing.
You’ve always been the one to hold it all together. You push through the anxiety, heaviness, and burnout — even when it feels like you’re unraveling inside. You wonder why grief still lingers, why old memories still sting, why it’s so hard to feel connected. You’re tired of being everything for everyone and still feeling unseen. You rarely talk about the past, but it lives in your body, in your relationships, in the way you keep going. You crave peace, clarity, and space to just be. You’re ready to stop surviving and finally feel whole — even if you’re not sure where to begin. You want more than just coping — you want healing.
(262) 588-4086 View (262) 588-4086
Photo of Maddie Schad, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, LMFT-IT
Maddie Schad
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, LMFT-IT
Woodruff, WI 54568
My ideal client is someone who’s been carrying emotional pain beneath the surface—grief, loss, burnout, or a sense of disconnection. They may feel stuck in a life that no longer fits or unsure how to move forward. What they want is healing, clarity, and a deeper sense of purpose. They’re seeking more than quick fixes—they want lasting transformation that honors their story and soul.
My ideal client is someone who’s been carrying emotional pain beneath the surface—grief, loss, burnout, or a sense of disconnection. They may feel stuck in a life that no longer fits or unsure how to move forward. What they want is healing, clarity, and a deeper sense of purpose. They’re seeking more than quick fixes—they want lasting transformation that honors their story and soul.
(715) 245-5273 View (715) 245-5273
Photo of JoAnne Kemnitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
JoAnne Kemnitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Woodruff, WI 54568
Waitlist for new clients
I have great enthusiasm and dedication to help all individuals through building rapport, conducting accurate needs assessments, problem solving & goal setting. It’s important to me to help meet clients where they are at. I work together with my clients, building on their strengths and empowering them to work through personal obstacles. I like to help empower others to improve and work through personal obstacles, focusing on their strengths and working together to achieve their goals.
I have great enthusiasm and dedication to help all individuals through building rapport, conducting accurate needs assessments, problem solving & goal setting. It’s important to me to help meet clients where they are at. I work together with my clients, building on their strengths and empowering them to work through personal obstacles. I like to help empower others to improve and work through personal obstacles, focusing on their strengths and working together to achieve their goals.
(715) 908-9074 View (715) 908-9074
Photo of Lauri Morrill - Peaceful Pathways , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Peaceful Pathways
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I work hard to meet people where they are at and to help them get to where they want to be in their lives, all without judgement. We have all had experiences that have led us to behaviors that are not always beneficial. I am straightforward and honest and look forward to helping you move forward in your life.
I work hard to meet people where they are at and to help them get to where they want to be in their lives, all without judgement. We have all had experiences that have led us to behaviors that are not always beneficial. I am straightforward and honest and look forward to helping you move forward in your life.
(715) 402-4019 View (715) 402-4019
Photo of Adam Schroeder, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAC
Adam Schroeder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAC
Online Only
Meaningful change doesn’t require perfection—you don’t have to be further along than you are. What matters is having the right support at the right time. If you’re feeling stuck, therapy offers a partnership to uncover your strengths and create lasting solutions. I work with people facing challenges like PTSD, addiction, anxiety, difficult relationships, or life transitions. These struggles can feel isolating, but they don’t have to define you.
Meaningful change doesn’t require perfection—you don’t have to be further along than you are. What matters is having the right support at the right time. If you’re feeling stuck, therapy offers a partnership to uncover your strengths and create lasting solutions. I work with people facing challenges like PTSD, addiction, anxiety, difficult relationships, or life transitions. These struggles can feel isolating, but they don’t have to define you.
(608) 292-6587 View (608) 292-6587
Photo of Sheila Brady Dalton - Sheila Dalton , Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Sheila Dalton
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Online Only
As a licensed professional counselor, I would like to assist you in a nonjudgmental, compassionate and safe environment for you to process daily struggles that are causing you to feel stressed, overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. I look forward to the opportunity to work alongside you and empower you to make the changes that you desire.
As a licensed professional counselor, I would like to assist you in a nonjudgmental, compassionate and safe environment for you to process daily struggles that are causing you to feel stressed, overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. I look forward to the opportunity to work alongside you and empower you to make the changes that you desire.
(312) 262-5245 View (312) 262-5245
Photo of Brooke Fitch-Collins, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LPC
Brooke Fitch-Collins
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Navigating the complex emotional stages during infertility treatments, pregnancy, postpartum, or new parenthood? I can help. If you're managing infertility struggles, miscarriage, grappling with the emotional/physical demands of pregnancy, or feeling isolated and overwhelmed in your transition to parenthood, I will hold a space for you to share these issues and learn tools to manage this phase of your life. Clients often come to therapy seeking a deeper sense of connection with themselves and/or their partner, or they're coming to therapy looking for guidance in cultivating a more connected and positive parenting experience.
Navigating the complex emotional stages during infertility treatments, pregnancy, postpartum, or new parenthood? I can help. If you're managing infertility struggles, miscarriage, grappling with the emotional/physical demands of pregnancy, or feeling isolated and overwhelmed in your transition to parenthood, I will hold a space for you to share these issues and learn tools to manage this phase of your life. Clients often come to therapy seeking a deeper sense of connection with themselves and/or their partner, or they're coming to therapy looking for guidance in cultivating a more connected and positive parenting experience.
(715) 489-5986 View (715) 489-5986
Photo of Julie Zemke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Julie Zemke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
If you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with our current political climate, finding it hard to say no, or putting others needs before your own continually, we can work together to develop the ability to put your needs first and experience more work/life balance. I am taking new clients at this time. Head to my website to schedule an appt in the next few days.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with our current political climate, finding it hard to say no, or putting others needs before your own continually, we can work together to develop the ability to put your needs first and experience more work/life balance. I am taking new clients at this time. Head to my website to schedule an appt in the next few days.
(414) 519-9885 View (414) 519-9885
Photo of Kim Haas, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kim Haas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
One of the most tragic stories of our time is how men’s emotional worlds have been dismissed. You want to connect with your loved ones, but no one ever showed you how. Maybe you’ve tried to open up, only to be misunderstood or met with conflict. You’d do anything for your family—it’s a drive you feel in your bones. You carry more inside than you show—even to yourself. Real strength grows from tenderness, self-understanding, and emotional honesty.
One of the most tragic stories of our time is how men’s emotional worlds have been dismissed. You want to connect with your loved ones, but no one ever showed you how. Maybe you’ve tried to open up, only to be misunderstood or met with conflict. You’d do anything for your family—it’s a drive you feel in your bones. You carry more inside than you show—even to yourself. Real strength grows from tenderness, self-understanding, and emotional honesty.
(715) 200-8824 View (715) 200-8824
Photo of Kristi Ann Balge, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Kristi Ann Balge
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
Therapy is about change and hope. Come looking for a space to unload the weights on your world, which might be grief, loss, pain, trauma, confusion, fear, hurt.... but eventually we will grasp onto a lifeline of hope to begin to move toward a position that leads you out from being overwhelmed or consumed by those weights that you have been carrying. Therapy moves at a different pace for each person and care and compassion will be given to meet everyone's individual needs.
Therapy is about change and hope. Come looking for a space to unload the weights on your world, which might be grief, loss, pain, trauma, confusion, fear, hurt.... but eventually we will grasp onto a lifeline of hope to begin to move toward a position that leads you out from being overwhelmed or consumed by those weights that you have been carrying. Therapy moves at a different pace for each person and care and compassion will be given to meet everyone's individual needs.
(715) 382-9256 View (715) 382-9256

Online Therapists

Photo of Tonya Koenig-Colsch, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Tonya Koenig-Colsch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Ashland, WI 54806
My 27 years of experience as a therapist continues to humble me on a daily basis. The most emotionally courageous people I know are my clients; those willing to navigate and overcome their traumas, manage and eventually master their anxious minds, or overcome the burden of depression. My clinical areas of specialty are Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, Depression, Adjustment Disorders, and Relational Issues. I particularly enjoy my work with woman navigating life stressors unique to their personal journey and relationship to Self and others.
My 27 years of experience as a therapist continues to humble me on a daily basis. The most emotionally courageous people I know are my clients; those willing to navigate and overcome their traumas, manage and eventually master their anxious minds, or overcome the burden of depression. My clinical areas of specialty are Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, Depression, Adjustment Disorders, and Relational Issues. I particularly enjoy my work with woman navigating life stressors unique to their personal journey and relationship to Self and others.
(928) 232-6142 View (928) 232-6142
Photo of Rachelle Filipiak, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Rachelle Filipiak
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Weston, WI 54476
Brain Energy, LLC is a Comprehensive Outpatient Clinical Practice of Wisconsin-Licensed Mental Health Professionals dedicated to providing accessible, affordable and goal directed mental health services both in person and virtually for all ages, couples and families. All struggles and issues are welcome, combining counseling, psychiatric resources, and medication management into one comprehensive setting. We aspire to achieve a more effective and efficient healthcare system resulting in a reduction in mental health symptoms overall. From surviving to thriving!
Brain Energy, LLC is a Comprehensive Outpatient Clinical Practice of Wisconsin-Licensed Mental Health Professionals dedicated to providing accessible, affordable and goal directed mental health services both in person and virtually for all ages, couples and families. All struggles and issues are welcome, combining counseling, psychiatric resources, and medication management into one comprehensive setting. We aspire to achieve a more effective and efficient healthcare system resulting in a reduction in mental health symptoms overall. From surviving to thriving!
(715) 618-9561 View (715) 618-9561
Photo of Kaelee Freudigmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kaelee Freudigmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Weston, WI 54476
Many people carry the weight of self-doubt, shame, and disconnection from their authentic selves. I’m passionate about helping adolescents and adults quiet the inner critic, cultivate self-compassion, and rebuild confidence and wholeness. I believe therapy should go beyond coping; it should be a safe, supportive space to be fully heard, develop practical tools using evidenced based approaches, and grow into a life that feels more grounded, empowered, and true to who you are. Not sure where to start with therapy? That’s completely okay. I invite you to reach out with any questions. I’m happy to chat about what therapy can offer you.
Many people carry the weight of self-doubt, shame, and disconnection from their authentic selves. I’m passionate about helping adolescents and adults quiet the inner critic, cultivate self-compassion, and rebuild confidence and wholeness. I believe therapy should go beyond coping; it should be a safe, supportive space to be fully heard, develop practical tools using evidenced based approaches, and grow into a life that feels more grounded, empowered, and true to who you are. Not sure where to start with therapy? That’s completely okay. I invite you to reach out with any questions. I’m happy to chat about what therapy can offer you.
(715) 500-4972 View (715) 500-4972
Photo of Katherine Hamilton Wright - Katherine A. Hamilton Wright, Ph.D., LLC, Psychologist, PhD
I specialize in a wide range of psychological evaluations. Most of these are related to the criminal legal system. I assess risk of recidivism and amenability to treatment for those charged with sexual offending, both in the adult and juvenile system. I evaluate for competency to stand trial and whether there is support for a plea of Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity. I use formal testing, actuarial predictive instruments, review of records, collateral information and clinical interview to formulate my recommendations. I also see therapy clients with whom I use an approach integrating mindfulness and cognitive therapy.
I specialize in a wide range of psychological evaluations. Most of these are related to the criminal legal system. I assess risk of recidivism and amenability to treatment for those charged with sexual offending, both in the adult and juvenile system. I evaluate for competency to stand trial and whether there is support for a plea of Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity. I use formal testing, actuarial predictive instruments, review of records, collateral information and clinical interview to formulate my recommendations. I also see therapy clients with whom I use an approach integrating mindfulness and cognitive therapy.
(715) 513-6974 View (715) 513-6974
Photo of Shannon Schaefer - Behavioral Health Clinic (BHC), Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LPC
Behavioral Health Clinic (BHC)
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LPC
Wausau, WI 54401
Behavioral Health Clinic (BHC) has locations in Fort Atkinson, Madison, Merrill, Grafton, Green Bay, Eau Claire, Sheboygan, Marshfield, Wausau, and Stevens Point. Our clinicians offer clinically proven, evidence-based treatment interventions for most mental health issues. Our clinicians believe in a collaborative environment, between both fellow professionals and with the clients themselves. We work with individuals of all ages and needs, from children to adults. We strive to provide a safe, relaxed, warm, and comforting space to help clients grow at their own pace.
Behavioral Health Clinic (BHC) has locations in Fort Atkinson, Madison, Merrill, Grafton, Green Bay, Eau Claire, Sheboygan, Marshfield, Wausau, and Stevens Point. Our clinicians offer clinically proven, evidence-based treatment interventions for most mental health issues. Our clinicians believe in a collaborative environment, between both fellow professionals and with the clients themselves. We work with individuals of all ages and needs, from children to adults. We strive to provide a safe, relaxed, warm, and comforting space to help clients grow at their own pace.
(855) 607-8242 View (855) 607-8242
Photo of Tina Marie Baeten - Weston Psychiatric, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Weston Psychiatric
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Weston, WI 54476
Offering Personalized Mental Health Care The team at Weston Psychiatric works with each person to develop a personalized mental health care plan, suited to their unique needs. Our professional, knowledgeable, and experienced clinicians are confident in their approach and ready to help. In addition to psychiatry and medication management, we offer one-on-one therapy sessions for adults and children, couples and family counseling, and testing services for adults and children. Relationships are complex. Taking care of your mental health helps strengthen you and your relationships to bring about greater stability, peace, and happiness.
Offering Personalized Mental Health Care The team at Weston Psychiatric works with each person to develop a personalized mental health care plan, suited to their unique needs. Our professional, knowledgeable, and experienced clinicians are confident in their approach and ready to help. In addition to psychiatry and medication management, we offer one-on-one therapy sessions for adults and children, couples and family counseling, and testing services for adults and children. Relationships are complex. Taking care of your mental health helps strengthen you and your relationships to bring about greater stability, peace, and happiness.
(920) 587-4889 View (920) 587-4889

Nearby Searches for 54512

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 54512

< 10

Therapists in 54512 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Other
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
100% Codependency

Average years in practice

16 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in 54512 see their clients

100% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 54512?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.