Therapists in 49401

Photo of Lauren Rouwhorst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Lauren Rouwhorst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Allendale, MI 49401
Have you recently stepped into a new phase of life and feel like you're barely staying afloat? I'm here to listen and help. Together, we’ll face your challenges and build the tools you need not just to get through each day, but to enjoy it. I work with individuals ages 16 and up with a focus on life changes, depression, anxiety, pre/post-partum concerns, and parenthood. I love to work with people that are neurodivergent, those with chronic pain or health conditions, and new moms. I enjoy working with parents to process, cope, and reconnect with their evolving identity.
Have you recently stepped into a new phase of life and feel like you're barely staying afloat? I'm here to listen and help. Together, we’ll face your challenges and build the tools you need not just to get through each day, but to enjoy it. I work with individuals ages 16 and up with a focus on life changes, depression, anxiety, pre/post-partum concerns, and parenthood. I love to work with people that are neurodivergent, those with chronic pain or health conditions, and new moms. I enjoy working with parents to process, cope, and reconnect with their evolving identity.
(616) 883-2495 View (616) 883-2495
Photo of Maha Baalbaki, Psychologist, PhD
Maha Baalbaki
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Allendale, MI 49401
Life is complicated, beautiful, frustrating, inspiring, difficult, and unpredictable. There are times when we feel like we've got it—when we know what to do and how to do it. And then there are times when we feel like we don’t—when we feel lost and confused. Therapy can be a helpful tool during all of those times to find the confidence to be who we want to be. As a therapist, I hope to support you by working to recognize patterns within your life, connect the dots to gain insight, and trust yourself to make the changes you want to see.
Life is complicated, beautiful, frustrating, inspiring, difficult, and unpredictable. There are times when we feel like we've got it—when we know what to do and how to do it. And then there are times when we feel like we don’t—when we feel lost and confused. Therapy can be a helpful tool during all of those times to find the confidence to be who we want to be. As a therapist, I hope to support you by working to recognize patterns within your life, connect the dots to gain insight, and trust yourself to make the changes you want to see.
(616) 737-0240 View (616) 737-0240
Photo of Raquel Solis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Raquel Solis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
2 Endorsed
Allendale, MI 49401
Change can bring up a lot—anxiety, low self-worth, stress in relationships, or unresolved pain from the past. I work with children, teens, and adults who are navigating life’s transitions and challenges, whether that’s starting something new, feeling emotionally stuck, or trying to make sense of big feelings. Many of my clients are seeking a space where they can simply be themselves—no pressure to perform, just space to slow down and be supported.
Change can bring up a lot—anxiety, low self-worth, stress in relationships, or unresolved pain from the past. I work with children, teens, and adults who are navigating life’s transitions and challenges, whether that’s starting something new, feeling emotionally stuck, or trying to make sense of big feelings. Many of my clients are seeking a space where they can simply be themselves—no pressure to perform, just space to slow down and be supported.
(616) 987-4852 View (616) 987-4852
Photo of Lindsay Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Lindsay Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Allendale, MI 49401
Life is full of change. Change that sometimes feels joyful and satisfying and, at other times, change that feels challenging, painful, and overwhelming. It is during these difficult times and times of personal struggle that support becomes vital. My goal is to provide a safe, laid back, non-judgmental space for you to work through your struggles. I will serve as a reminder that hope and healing are possible. You will not be alone on your journey.
Life is full of change. Change that sometimes feels joyful and satisfying and, at other times, change that feels challenging, painful, and overwhelming. It is during these difficult times and times of personal struggle that support becomes vital. My goal is to provide a safe, laid back, non-judgmental space for you to work through your struggles. I will serve as a reminder that hope and healing are possible. You will not be alone on your journey.
(616) 779-8120 View (616) 779-8120
Photo of Austin Thomas Bastien, Counselor, MA, LLPC
Austin Thomas Bastien
Counselor, MA, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Allendale, MI 49401
Whether you're experiencing anxiety, self-doubt, relationship issues, feeling the pressures of everyday life, or just feeling stuck, my goal is to help you feel seen, empowered, and work towards the goals you have for yourself. I believe therapy is a journey of growth and self-discovery. My role is to help you uncover your strengths, challenge unhelpful patterns, and develop the tools you need to move forward with clarity and confidence.
Whether you're experiencing anxiety, self-doubt, relationship issues, feeling the pressures of everyday life, or just feeling stuck, my goal is to help you feel seen, empowered, and work towards the goals you have for yourself. I believe therapy is a journey of growth and self-discovery. My role is to help you uncover your strengths, challenge unhelpful patterns, and develop the tools you need to move forward with clarity and confidence.
(616) 800-8674 View (616) 800-8674
Photo of Meredith Persenaire, Counselor, MA, LPC
Meredith Persenaire
Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
I believe it is important to help each client feel comfortable, valued, and respected during the therapeutic process. My approach focuses on helping you achieve a healthy, satisfying lifestyle by encouraging long-lasting changes to target and diminish the symptoms that led you to seek services. I work effectively with adolescent and adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, and relationship problems. To ensure that every client feels confident in the counseling process I offer a free 15 minute consultation for new clients to answer any questions you may have about getting started.
I believe it is important to help each client feel comfortable, valued, and respected during the therapeutic process. My approach focuses on helping you achieve a healthy, satisfying lifestyle by encouraging long-lasting changes to target and diminish the symptoms that led you to seek services. I work effectively with adolescent and adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, and relationship problems. To ensure that every client feels confident in the counseling process I offer a free 15 minute consultation for new clients to answer any questions you may have about getting started.
(616) 228-7601 View (616) 228-7601
Photo of Grace Jerome, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Grace Jerome
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am currently accepting new clients at Mindful Counseling GR, in the Standale office and online. Whether you seek therapy to work through challenges, focus on personal growth, find clarity, or improve your overall wellness, I am committed to being your partner throughout the therapeutic process. I have an interest in and experience working with anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, interpersonal challenges, self-injurious behaviors, and personal growth & identity development. I am passionate about helping you identify both your strengths and barriers and how these contribute to reaching your goals.
I am currently accepting new clients at Mindful Counseling GR, in the Standale office and online. Whether you seek therapy to work through challenges, focus on personal growth, find clarity, or improve your overall wellness, I am committed to being your partner throughout the therapeutic process. I have an interest in and experience working with anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, interpersonal challenges, self-injurious behaviors, and personal growth & identity development. I am passionate about helping you identify both your strengths and barriers and how these contribute to reaching your goals.
(616) 282-6856 View (616) 282-6856
Photo of Amber Bouwkamp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Amber Bouwkamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Anger, anxiety and depression can significantly impact your quality of life, making even simple tasks feel overwhelming. These symptoms can leave you feeling out of control, worried, unmotivated, and disconnected from the things you once enjoyed. Finding support and developing effective coping mechanisms can help you regain control and feel empowered. Remember, you are not powerless in the face of these challenges. With the right mindset, encouragement, and support, you can feel better and live a more fulfilling life.
Anger, anxiety and depression can significantly impact your quality of life, making even simple tasks feel overwhelming. These symptoms can leave you feeling out of control, worried, unmotivated, and disconnected from the things you once enjoyed. Finding support and developing effective coping mechanisms can help you regain control and feel empowered. Remember, you are not powerless in the face of these challenges. With the right mindset, encouragement, and support, you can feel better and live a more fulfilling life.
(231) 310-0024 View (231) 310-0024
Photo of Shy Hartert, Counselor, MA, LLPC
Shy Hartert
Counselor, MA, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Finding a therapist for yourself or your child can be challenging, especially when struggling with life stress or mental health concerns. Allow me to sit with you as we navigate the next steps together. I provide counseling for children (4 years old and older), teens, and adults. I am in the process of becoming a Registered Play Therapist, and I provide compassionate, client-centered counseling. I would be honored to be a part of you or your child's healing process.
Finding a therapist for yourself or your child can be challenging, especially when struggling with life stress or mental health concerns. Allow me to sit with you as we navigate the next steps together. I provide counseling for children (4 years old and older), teens, and adults. I am in the process of becoming a Registered Play Therapist, and I provide compassionate, client-centered counseling. I would be honored to be a part of you or your child's healing process.
(616) 879-8982 View (616) 879-8982
Photo of Emilee VanLinden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Emilee VanLinden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
I love to work with children/adolescents and young adults that may be struggling with various issues ranging from anxiety/depression, to dealing with childhood trauma. They may be seeking a way to live a more fulfilled life, gain new coping skills, seek out mindfulness techniques, or create a more healthy and sustainable family structure. My goal is to provide treatment to individuals and family systems who are looking to live a more fulfilled, and less stressed life.
I love to work with children/adolescents and young adults that may be struggling with various issues ranging from anxiety/depression, to dealing with childhood trauma. They may be seeking a way to live a more fulfilled life, gain new coping skills, seek out mindfulness techniques, or create a more healthy and sustainable family structure. My goal is to provide treatment to individuals and family systems who are looking to live a more fulfilled, and less stressed life.
(231) 272-4343 View (231) 272-4343
Photo of Dr. Joseph Mandwee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Dr. Joseph Mandwee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Serves Area
As a behaviorist, I believe that the environments in which we develop ultimately play the most significant role in our actions, decisions, and outcomes. Without the proper space for growth, healing, and self-development, one may face difficulties in achieving self-realization and self-actualization. Human-beings are social creatures – genetically designed, behaviorally conditioned, and evolutionarily driven. We possess certain intrinsic, natural needs and adaptations that have developed over millions of years. If these dualistically basic and complex needs remain unfulfilled, we will struggle to attain this self-actualization.
As a behaviorist, I believe that the environments in which we develop ultimately play the most significant role in our actions, decisions, and outcomes. Without the proper space for growth, healing, and self-development, one may face difficulties in achieving self-realization and self-actualization. Human-beings are social creatures – genetically designed, behaviorally conditioned, and evolutionarily driven. We possess certain intrinsic, natural needs and adaptations that have developed over millions of years. If these dualistically basic and complex needs remain unfulfilled, we will struggle to attain this self-actualization.
(517) 224-5419 View (517) 224-5419
Photo of Brianna Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Brianna Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Every person's journey is distinct, shaped by individual experiences that are unique. Life can present numerous challenges, often piling on responsibilities until it feels overwhelming. In the midst of daily demands, it’s normal to feel drained.As a compassionate therapist, I offer a safe, supportive space to untangle those challenges and help you move forward with clarity and confidence. I’m committed to meeting you where you are, grounded in the DBT belief that people are truly doing the best they can. I work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, blending CBT and Person-Centered approaches to fit your needs.
Every person's journey is distinct, shaped by individual experiences that are unique. Life can present numerous challenges, often piling on responsibilities until it feels overwhelming. In the midst of daily demands, it’s normal to feel drained.As a compassionate therapist, I offer a safe, supportive space to untangle those challenges and help you move forward with clarity and confidence. I’m committed to meeting you where you are, grounded in the DBT belief that people are truly doing the best they can. I work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, blending CBT and Person-Centered approaches to fit your needs.
(616) 523-3442 View (616) 523-3442
Photo of Micah J. White, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Micah J. White
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Serves Area
Life can be difficult and sometimes we find ourselves feeling stuck, stressed, and lost. I seek to provide an affirming, nonjudgmental, and compassionate therapeutic environment to help you navigate life’s challenges and work toward a healthier and more meaningful life. My work involves helping people to explore the impact of past experiences, understand unhelpful patterns in their thinking and relationships, process painful emotions, and learn new skills to cope with their distress.
Life can be difficult and sometimes we find ourselves feeling stuck, stressed, and lost. I seek to provide an affirming, nonjudgmental, and compassionate therapeutic environment to help you navigate life’s challenges and work toward a healthier and more meaningful life. My work involves helping people to explore the impact of past experiences, understand unhelpful patterns in their thinking and relationships, process painful emotions, and learn new skills to cope with their distress.
(231) 412-4669 View (231) 412-4669
Photo of Dr. Mira Cely - Mira Cely Ph.D., PLLC, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Mira Cely Ph.D., PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Serves Area
Hello / Bonjour I am a bilingual (English/French) Licensed Psychologist, with a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Detroit Mercy. While some of my clinical interests include anxiety, depression, grief, romantic relationships' difficulties, questioning whether to divorce/separate or to attempt to repair a relationship, intimate partner violence, family problems, and professional/life transitions, I am also very involved in family planning difficulties, infertility/adoption, LGBTQIA+, cultural adjustment, and other diversity related issues
Hello / Bonjour I am a bilingual (English/French) Licensed Psychologist, with a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Detroit Mercy. While some of my clinical interests include anxiety, depression, grief, romantic relationships' difficulties, questioning whether to divorce/separate or to attempt to repair a relationship, intimate partner violence, family problems, and professional/life transitions, I am also very involved in family planning difficulties, infertility/adoption, LGBTQIA+, cultural adjustment, and other diversity related issues
(248) 775-7590 View (248) 775-7590
Photo of Tyler Mink, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Tyler Mink
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
One of the most rewarding and meaningful pursuits you can take is to invest in your heart. At first glance, that might seem daunting, yet it is absolutely possible. As a counselor, I am privileged in walking alongside and witnessing the strengthening, renewing, and rediscovering of who you are. I believe that facing your pains, weaknesses, and traumas is a commendable, courageous act. I work to make that journey as effective and dignified as possible using a varied approach based on each individual, as no two stories are truly the same.
One of the most rewarding and meaningful pursuits you can take is to invest in your heart. At first glance, that might seem daunting, yet it is absolutely possible. As a counselor, I am privileged in walking alongside and witnessing the strengthening, renewing, and rediscovering of who you are. I believe that facing your pains, weaknesses, and traumas is a commendable, courageous act. I work to make that journey as effective and dignified as possible using a varied approach based on each individual, as no two stories are truly the same.
(616) 319-4994 View (616) 319-4994
Photo of Courtney Lemoine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW-C
Courtney Lemoine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW-C
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a trauma-informed therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals as they heal from childhood wounds, understand the impact of relationship patterns, and navigate significant life transitions. My therapy style integrates evidence-based modalities including Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Family Systems Theory, and Narrative Therapy techniques. These frameworks allow us to explore how early experiences influence your current challenges, while also honoring your strengths and resilience.
As a trauma-informed therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals as they heal from childhood wounds, understand the impact of relationship patterns, and navigate significant life transitions. My therapy style integrates evidence-based modalities including Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Family Systems Theory, and Narrative Therapy techniques. These frameworks allow us to explore how early experiences influence your current challenges, while also honoring your strengths and resilience.
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Photo of Cheyanna S Green-Molett, Counselor, MA , LLC
Cheyanna S Green-Molett
Counselor, MA , LLC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I am committed to supporting individuals as they navigate difficulties with mood, anxiety, stress, trauma, self-esteem, relationship/peer conflict, anger, behavioral issues, life transitions/life skills, gender/sexual/racial identity, self-harm and suicidal ideation. I am motivated to work alongside clients as they grapple with the intersections of their racial, gender, sexual, and spiritual identities. I am invested in clients who are willing to be uncomfortable as side effect of their lifetime journey of healing and personal growth.
I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I am committed to supporting individuals as they navigate difficulties with mood, anxiety, stress, trauma, self-esteem, relationship/peer conflict, anger, behavioral issues, life transitions/life skills, gender/sexual/racial identity, self-harm and suicidal ideation. I am motivated to work alongside clients as they grapple with the intersections of their racial, gender, sexual, and spiritual identities. I am invested in clients who are willing to be uncomfortable as side effect of their lifetime journey of healing and personal growth.
(616) 737-0669 View (616) 737-0669
Photo of Michelle Marie Wohlfert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC, CCS
Michelle Marie Wohlfert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC, CCS
Serves Area
There is no one more put together than a person in recovery. Living in recovery is working a program of mental health, staying clean and sober, and living one day at a time. With that being said, each person’s specific program looks different, with the common factor of living a balanced life of being grateful, mindful, spiritual, and finding a sense of community among other recovering individuals. My specialty areas are addictions, mental health, trauma, codependency issues, and how these affect you and those who love you.
There is no one more put together than a person in recovery. Living in recovery is working a program of mental health, staying clean and sober, and living one day at a time. With that being said, each person’s specific program looks different, with the common factor of living a balanced life of being grateful, mindful, spiritual, and finding a sense of community among other recovering individuals. My specialty areas are addictions, mental health, trauma, codependency issues, and how these affect you and those who love you.
(616) 404-3437 View (616) 404-3437
Photo of Kaitlyn Wright, Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC
Kaitlyn Wright
Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Kaitlyn graduated with a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Adams State University in 2018. She holds a License in Counseling in the State of Michigan and is a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Kaitlyn also provides clinical supervision for LLPCs. She enjoys helping clients through a wide range of struggles including anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse. She often incorporates a person-centered approach and play therapy into her practice. She believes that everyone deserves the opportunity to heal.
Kaitlyn graduated with a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Adams State University in 2018. She holds a License in Counseling in the State of Michigan and is a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Kaitlyn also provides clinical supervision for LLPCs. She enjoys helping clients through a wide range of struggles including anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse. She often incorporates a person-centered approach and play therapy into her practice. She believes that everyone deserves the opportunity to heal.
(616) 441-0624 View (616) 441-0624
Photo of Anna Rakos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Anna Rakos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I completed my Master of Social Work at Baylor University in Waco, TX, and hold a B.A. in Philosophy with a Minor in Computer Science from Hope College in Holland, MI. My love for social work is rooted in a passion for serving others and pursuing social justice. I have experience providing a variety of mental health services to a diverse range of individuals in hospitals, schools, clinics, and inpatient settings.
I completed my Master of Social Work at Baylor University in Waco, TX, and hold a B.A. in Philosophy with a Minor in Computer Science from Hope College in Holland, MI. My love for social work is rooted in a passion for serving others and pursuing social justice. I have experience providing a variety of mental health services to a diverse range of individuals in hospitals, schools, clinics, and inpatient settings.
(616) 303-5403 View (616) 303-5403

See more therapy options for 49401

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 49401

60+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 49401 who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
92% Depression
85% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
77% Coping Skills
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
87% Priority Health
80% Aetna

How Therapists in 49401 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 49401?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.