Therapists in Wixom, MI

Photo of Charlene Crickon Kushler, Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Charlene Crickon Kushler
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
Do you or someone you care about need to change certain behaviors, feelings, or thoughts that are making everyday life difficult? I have extensive clinical expertise in determining and explaining the underlying source of the problem and providing you with specific, practical, and understandable feedback and support to improve your life in a manageable way. Everyone at some point in their lives could benefit from sorting through feelings and thoughts and changing some behaviors, using a caring and knowledgeable professional. This process can be as brief or as extensive as you want because it is specifically tailored to your needs.
Do you or someone you care about need to change certain behaviors, feelings, or thoughts that are making everyday life difficult? I have extensive clinical expertise in determining and explaining the underlying source of the problem and providing you with specific, practical, and understandable feedback and support to improve your life in a manageable way. Everyone at some point in their lives could benefit from sorting through feelings and thoughts and changing some behaviors, using a caring and knowledgeable professional. This process can be as brief or as extensive as you want because it is specifically tailored to your needs.
(517) 449-9678 View (517) 449-9678
Photo of Michele L Hufnagel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wixom, MI
Michele L Hufnagel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CAADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393  (Online Only)
Greetings! My name is Michele. I have always been a helper in some capacity for the better part of my life. I am driven to help others in their life's journey. I have worked in the service industry for over 25 years. I have dealt with my own addiction issues stemming from my own childhood traumas and adolescence. I acquired my Bachelor's and Master's degrees in my 40s, after raising a son as a single parent. I believe having empirical life experiences prior to fulfilling my educational goals has provided me with exceptional awareness and grounding.
Greetings! My name is Michele. I have always been a helper in some capacity for the better part of my life. I am driven to help others in their life's journey. I have worked in the service industry for over 25 years. I have dealt with my own addiction issues stemming from my own childhood traumas and adolescence. I acquired my Bachelor's and Master's degrees in my 40s, after raising a son as a single parent. I believe having empirical life experiences prior to fulfilling my educational goals has provided me with exceptional awareness and grounding.
(248) 988-0852 View (248) 988-0852
Photo of Horizon Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Horizon Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
Are you or your child having difficulties? I provide psychotherapy that addresses numerous concerns facing children, adults, families. I specialize in trauma, adoption, depression and anxiety, adjusting to transitions, spirituality, and mindfulness. I can provide the safety, support, and encouragement you or your child needs in a nonjudgemental environment.
Are you or your child having difficulties? I provide psychotherapy that addresses numerous concerns facing children, adults, families. I specialize in trauma, adoption, depression and anxiety, adjusting to transitions, spirituality, and mindfulness. I can provide the safety, support, and encouragement you or your child needs in a nonjudgemental environment.
(248) 419-4901 View (248) 419-4901
Photo of Gregory Sage, Counselor in Wixom, MI
Gregory Sage
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393  (Online Only)
Are you stuck on a hamster wheel? Feeling like you can't get off? We often get trapped in faulty mindsets that limit our perspectives and impair our ability to thrive. But maintaining those mindsets is a choice. Contrary to popular belief, maintaining the status quo - not therapy - is the easy way out. Healing is possible and achievable, but only if you are willing to bring your hurts, longings and dreams to the light.
Are you stuck on a hamster wheel? Feeling like you can't get off? We often get trapped in faulty mindsets that limit our perspectives and impair our ability to thrive. But maintaining those mindsets is a choice. Contrary to popular belief, maintaining the status quo - not therapy - is the easy way out. Healing is possible and achievable, but only if you are willing to bring your hurts, longings and dreams to the light.
(248) 621-8241 View (248) 621-8241
Photo of Emily LaFave- Prime Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Emily LaFave- Prime Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393
You're probably wondering how I can help you? If you haven't been in therapy before, you are taking a courageous first step. If you have been in therapy before, then you know how important it is to find the right therapist. You probably want to have better days, to feel motivated to do the things you love, to have more confidence, to sleep better, and to feel in control of your life. I am dedicated to being with you throughout the process, or if I am not the right therapist, then I will find you one. Why? Because you are deserving and worthy of all the good things, especially mental health treatment!
You're probably wondering how I can help you? If you haven't been in therapy before, you are taking a courageous first step. If you have been in therapy before, then you know how important it is to find the right therapist. You probably want to have better days, to feel motivated to do the things you love, to have more confidence, to sleep better, and to feel in control of your life. I am dedicated to being with you throughout the process, or if I am not the right therapist, then I will find you one. Why? Because you are deserving and worthy of all the good things, especially mental health treatment!
(734) 259-6073 View (734) 259-6073
Photo of Valerie Ann Paige, Counselor in Wixom, MI
Valerie Ann Paige
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
In times of uncertainty, loss, or just in our day-to-day struggles, it is easy to lose sight of who we are and what we want out of life. We all have the capacity to overcome challenges and make positive changes if we give ourselves the time, space, and support for personal growth. When we view ourselves as worthy, purposeful people, we are better equipped to handle life's challenges.
In times of uncertainty, loss, or just in our day-to-day struggles, it is easy to lose sight of who we are and what we want out of life. We all have the capacity to overcome challenges and make positive changes if we give ourselves the time, space, and support for personal growth. When we view ourselves as worthy, purposeful people, we are better equipped to handle life's challenges.
(734) 339-2211 View (734) 339-2211
Photo of Darcey L. Maher, Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Darcey L. Maher
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393
Not accepting new clients
I am a fully licensed clinical psychologist. I received my doctorate degree from the University of Detroit Mercy and have extensive clinical training in a variety of areas.
I am a fully licensed clinical psychologist. I received my doctorate degree from the University of Detroit Mercy and have extensive clinical training in a variety of areas.
(248) 487-9178 View (248) 487-9178
Photo of Sollars and Associates, Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Sollars and Associates
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session.
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session.
(248) 862-1171 View (248) 862-1171
Photo of Great Lakes Psychology Group - Livonia, Marriage & Family Therapist in Wixom, MI
Great Lakes Psychology Group - Livonia
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393
The GLPG support staff will personally match you with a best-fit therapist who accepts your insurance and is available to see you online or in person at a time that works for you. The GLPG provider network comprises doctoral and master’s level psychologists, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, and social workers. Benefits include online and in-person therapy options, night and weekend availability, and most insurance plans accepted. Additionally, our knowledgeable and helpful support staff are available to answer your questions or help with anything you might need at any point along the therapy journey.
The GLPG support staff will personally match you with a best-fit therapist who accepts your insurance and is available to see you online or in person at a time that works for you. The GLPG provider network comprises doctoral and master’s level psychologists, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, and social workers. Benefits include online and in-person therapy options, night and weekend availability, and most insurance plans accepted. Additionally, our knowledgeable and helpful support staff are available to answer your questions or help with anything you might need at any point along the therapy journey.
(248) 453-6472 View (248) 453-6472
Photo of Lisa Hamburg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Lisa Hamburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Wixom, MI 48393
Teens and young adults are experiencing depression and anxiety at higher rates in recent years. Declining grades, changes in sleep patterns, angry outbursts or isolation from friends and family are signs that help may be needed. Plus, the presence of social media has complicated matters. Teens as well as college students and young adults are experiencing stressors that families may not understand or have the skills to manage. I help people who are struggling with emotional and behavioral difficulties find ways to cope with problems and reach their full potential.
Teens and young adults are experiencing depression and anxiety at higher rates in recent years. Declining grades, changes in sleep patterns, angry outbursts or isolation from friends and family are signs that help may be needed. Plus, the presence of social media has complicated matters. Teens as well as college students and young adults are experiencing stressors that families may not understand or have the skills to manage. I help people who are struggling with emotional and behavioral difficulties find ways to cope with problems and reach their full potential.
(947) 222-7833 View (947) 222-7833
Photo of Pamela Warner Marsh, Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Pamela Warner Marsh
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
Chances are you have come to this website because you are going through some difficult times. You may be struggling with anxiety, depression, a divorce, and low self esteem. You may want to better understand your relationships and learn healthier ways to cope with life. I specialize in helping people recognize internal and external cues that fuel their troubles, as well as find healthier ways to cope. We all have the ability to find peace and happiness, and psychotherapy aids in that journey.
Chances are you have come to this website because you are going through some difficult times. You may be struggling with anxiety, depression, a divorce, and low self esteem. You may want to better understand your relationships and learn healthier ways to cope with life. I specialize in helping people recognize internal and external cues that fuel their troubles, as well as find healthier ways to cope. We all have the ability to find peace and happiness, and psychotherapy aids in that journey.
(248) 487-9100 View (248) 487-9100
Photo of Lydia Perry, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Lydia Perry
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
In my practice, I believe that therapy should be driven by the individual. I work to empower individuals to create the change they want to see in their lives, promote healing, and acceptance of themselves. I believe the most important indicator of success is a trusting and supportive relationship with the therapist. My role in the therapeutic process is to guide my clients towards their highest potential, while also collaborating with them in every aspect of our work. Because everyone has unique strengths and barriers, my therapy style is open, flexible, and tailored to meet the specific goals of each client.
In my practice, I believe that therapy should be driven by the individual. I work to empower individuals to create the change they want to see in their lives, promote healing, and acceptance of themselves. I believe the most important indicator of success is a trusting and supportive relationship with the therapist. My role in the therapeutic process is to guide my clients towards their highest potential, while also collaborating with them in every aspect of our work. Because everyone has unique strengths and barriers, my therapy style is open, flexible, and tailored to meet the specific goals of each client.
(947) 282-5321 View (947) 282-5321
Photo of Sherry DeGrazia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Sherry DeGrazia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wixom, MI 48393
We start therapy due to situational stressors or an ongoing stressor, such as mood disorders, anxiety or depression. I have been providing guidance, coaching and understanding for over 9 years. Our brains as well as our bodies are complicated yet amazing! To maintain mind, body and spiritual balance is difficult, but not impossible, As a therapist, I have experience working with adults, teens, and children. I specialize in working with individuals with Trauma, anxiety, depression and ADHD. My role, as a therapist is to support each client in learning how to listen and properly respond to their mind/bodies on a daily basis.
We start therapy due to situational stressors or an ongoing stressor, such as mood disorders, anxiety or depression. I have been providing guidance, coaching and understanding for over 9 years. Our brains as well as our bodies are complicated yet amazing! To maintain mind, body and spiritual balance is difficult, but not impossible, As a therapist, I have experience working with adults, teens, and children. I specialize in working with individuals with Trauma, anxiety, depression and ADHD. My role, as a therapist is to support each client in learning how to listen and properly respond to their mind/bodies on a daily basis.
(248) 669-9500 x714 View (248) 669-9500 x714

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dana L Williams, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Dana L Williams
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP, CAADC
Verified Verified
Commerce Township, MI 48390
Choosing a therapist is VERY important. It should be someone with whom you feel trust, comfort and in good care. If you don't, it's not a "good fit" because therapy is about the relationship you have with your therapist. I always say, "I don't do nails, hair or surgery so our progress is based on how you feel with me and the trust we establish". I am hard-working, dedicated, compassionate, perceptive and determined to do my best. I am passionate about this work. Anxiety, depression/mood, panic, relationship issues, ADHD, addiction, self-harm, name some areas of expertise.
Choosing a therapist is VERY important. It should be someone with whom you feel trust, comfort and in good care. If you don't, it's not a "good fit" because therapy is about the relationship you have with your therapist. I always say, "I don't do nails, hair or surgery so our progress is based on how you feel with me and the trust we establish". I am hard-working, dedicated, compassionate, perceptive and determined to do my best. I am passionate about this work. Anxiety, depression/mood, panic, relationship issues, ADHD, addiction, self-harm, name some areas of expertise.
(248) 567-6922 View (248) 567-6922
Curtis Thornton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Walled Lake, MI 48390
Curtis Thornton is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. Curtis specializes in providing therapy to individuals attempting to overcome challenges related to substance use and/or mental health disorders. The areas he has treated include, but are not limited to, relapse prevention, symptom management, enhancing self-esteem, relationship building, building a strong family structure, and recognizing and coping with thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
Curtis Thornton is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. Curtis specializes in providing therapy to individuals attempting to overcome challenges related to substance use and/or mental health disorders. The areas he has treated include, but are not limited to, relapse prevention, symptom management, enhancing self-esteem, relationship building, building a strong family structure, and recognizing and coping with thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
(248) 791-9526 View (248) 791-9526
Photo of Eugene Sakirkin, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Eugene Sakirkin
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS, LLP
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48377
I would like to assist you in identifying, diagnosing, and treating any and all of your mental health concerns. Using years of training and experience in providing psychological assessments and evidence based treatments, we can learn from your past to help better you for your future. My supportive and collaborative approach is tailored to each clients' unique background and values to help you develop the skills and knowledge needed to navigate your concerns. My eclectic approach will incorporate principles from various theoretical approaches to help guide you in achieving your goals.
I would like to assist you in identifying, diagnosing, and treating any and all of your mental health concerns. Using years of training and experience in providing psychological assessments and evidence based treatments, we can learn from your past to help better you for your future. My supportive and collaborative approach is tailored to each clients' unique background and values to help you develop the skills and knowledge needed to navigate your concerns. My eclectic approach will incorporate principles from various theoretical approaches to help guide you in achieving your goals.
(734) 436-3674 View (734) 436-3674
Photo of Whitney Rudis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Whitney Rudis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Commerce Township, MI 48390
Hi! I am so glad you are here. I am a Limited Licensed Master Social Worker with a passionate commitment to helping others. I hold a Bachelor of Arts in Social Work and a Masters in Social Work (with a clinical focus) from Michigan State University. During my studies, I earned a Child Welfare certificate and a Health and Aging certificate. I have professional experience working with all ages, from young children to the geriatric population, and in different clinical settings, such as nonprofits and healthcare.
Hi! I am so glad you are here. I am a Limited Licensed Master Social Worker with a passionate commitment to helping others. I hold a Bachelor of Arts in Social Work and a Masters in Social Work (with a clinical focus) from Michigan State University. During my studies, I earned a Child Welfare certificate and a Health and Aging certificate. I have professional experience working with all ages, from young children to the geriatric population, and in different clinical settings, such as nonprofits and healthcare.
(248) 940-3285 View (248) 940-3285
Photo of E Melissa Gadd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
E Melissa Gadd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSW-G
Verified Verified
Walled Lake, MI 48390
Life stress often leaves us feeling anxious with difficulty focusing, racing thoughts, insomnia, and general restlessness. We may feel as if there is a dark cloud over our eyes, a change of appetite, difficulty doing basic tasks. Changes cause stress and uncertainty. College, marriage, the birth of children, new jobs are positive life transitions that can also be unsettling and an adjustment. Moving, kids leaving home, retirement and losses such as divorce, passing of loved ones, caregiving and the aging process can cause a significant amount of stress. The good news is life transitions help us grow.
Life stress often leaves us feeling anxious with difficulty focusing, racing thoughts, insomnia, and general restlessness. We may feel as if there is a dark cloud over our eyes, a change of appetite, difficulty doing basic tasks. Changes cause stress and uncertainty. College, marriage, the birth of children, new jobs are positive life transitions that can also be unsettling and an adjustment. Moving, kids leaving home, retirement and losses such as divorce, passing of loved ones, caregiving and the aging process can cause a significant amount of stress. The good news is life transitions help us grow.
(248) 574-5635 View (248) 574-5635
Photo of Mary B Rich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wixom, MI
Mary B Rich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, DCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Walled Lake, MI 48391
Life today is complex and one in which any additional stress can affect our ability to cope. My role as a psychotherapist is one of a partner with my clients in finding healthy ways through that maze we call life. When you experience emotional struggles, life stressors, trauma, family dysfunction, or medical concerns, it is not uncommon for you to feel as if life is unravelling. Utilizing a person-centered approach, I will work with you to develop positive strategies to navigate those obstacles in your life path in order to better understand your emotions and develop positive coping strategies for living your best life.
Life today is complex and one in which any additional stress can affect our ability to cope. My role as a psychotherapist is one of a partner with my clients in finding healthy ways through that maze we call life. When you experience emotional struggles, life stressors, trauma, family dysfunction, or medical concerns, it is not uncommon for you to feel as if life is unravelling. Utilizing a person-centered approach, I will work with you to develop positive strategies to navigate those obstacles in your life path in order to better understand your emotions and develop positive coping strategies for living your best life.
(248) 712-3907 View (248) 712-3907
Photo of Sydney Walsh, Psychologist in Wixom, MI
Sydney Walsh
Psychologist, PhD, LP, CEDS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walled Lake, MI 48390
I provide a warm, accepting and nonjudgmental approach, emphasizing the use of evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). In addition, I have received training and experience with Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (RO-DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I focus on applying mindfulness and related behavioral skills to help clients learn to tolerate distress, manage emotions, and increase their overall coping ability and quality of life.
I provide a warm, accepting and nonjudgmental approach, emphasizing the use of evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). In addition, I have received training and experience with Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (RO-DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I focus on applying mindfulness and related behavioral skills to help clients learn to tolerate distress, manage emotions, and increase their overall coping ability and quality of life.
(248) 558-2242 View (248) 558-2242

See more therapy options for Wixom

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Wixom, MI

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Wixom, MI who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
92% Trauma and PTSD
85% Divorce
85% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
91% Blue Care Network
55% Aetna

How Therapists in Wixom, MI see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Wixom?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.