Therapists in 47401

Photo of Mark A Herrmann, Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Mark A Herrmann
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Bloomington, IN 47401
I have been practicing for 30+ years and truly enjoy doing psychotherapy and being a lifelong student of the craft of psychotherapy. It is a privilege to meet with people, to hear each person's unique story, and to try to help each person reach their goals. I strive to create an environment of trust and safety in which each person is able to hear and make use of my observations and questions, knowing they are not being criticized or judged.
I have been practicing for 30+ years and truly enjoy doing psychotherapy and being a lifelong student of the craft of psychotherapy. It is a privilege to meet with people, to hear each person's unique story, and to try to help each person reach their goals. I strive to create an environment of trust and safety in which each person is able to hear and make use of my observations and questions, knowing they are not being criticized or judged.
(812) 370-8285 View (812) 370-8285
Photo of Ellen davidson - Infinite Transitions Project, Licensed Behavior Analyst
Infinite Transitions Project
Licensed Behavior Analyst
Bloomington, IN 47401
Looking for exclusive on-site/in-home/remote consultations to immediately decrease your stress level and help restore peace at home and success at school? Are you struggling with toilet training, getting calls about your kiddos behavior at school, and dealing with meltdowns every time you ask your kiddo to put the phone/video game down? Toileting can be one of the most stressful milestones for families and for children with autism, developmental differences, or anxiety, it often requires expert guidance. Over the years, I have successfully supported many children from diverse backgrounds in achieving independence with toileting.
Looking for exclusive on-site/in-home/remote consultations to immediately decrease your stress level and help restore peace at home and success at school? Are you struggling with toilet training, getting calls about your kiddos behavior at school, and dealing with meltdowns every time you ask your kiddo to put the phone/video game down? Toileting can be one of the most stressful milestones for families and for children with autism, developmental differences, or anxiety, it often requires expert guidance. Over the years, I have successfully supported many children from diverse backgrounds in achieving independence with toileting.
(812) 645-4874 View (812) 645-4874
Photo of Ashley Hilkey, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Ashley Hilkey
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Bloomington, IN 47401
Many of my clients come to me looking to improve their overall wellbeing - decrease anxiety, improve relationships, assist in adjusting to a new life season, OCD, perinatal concerns, working through challenges that have been presented in their life at some point - trauma, family of origin issues, or other unaddressed concerns. I see a little bit of everyone, but tend to work with a lot of college students, parents, educators, those experiencing infertility, and emerging adults through middle adulthood. Many of my clients are looking for longer term work which I really enjoy! I also offer supervision services to fellow therapists.
Many of my clients come to me looking to improve their overall wellbeing - decrease anxiety, improve relationships, assist in adjusting to a new life season, OCD, perinatal concerns, working through challenges that have been presented in their life at some point - trauma, family of origin issues, or other unaddressed concerns. I see a little bit of everyone, but tend to work with a lot of college students, parents, educators, those experiencing infertility, and emerging adults through middle adulthood. Many of my clients are looking for longer term work which I really enjoy! I also offer supervision services to fellow therapists.
(812) 301-6392 View (812) 301-6392
Photo of Dr. Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Bloomington, IN 47401
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(812) 622-6158 View (812) 622-6158
Photo of Molly Eagleson, Counselor, MS, EdS, LMHC, CCTP
Molly Eagleson
Counselor, MS, EdS, LMHC, CCTP
Bloomington, IN 47401
Currently scheduling new in person clients for January 2026- As a licensed mental health therapist my goal is to offer you a safe space to process your emotions, restore balance to your nervous system, and build greater self awareness. Specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, I use research supported trauma therapies including EMDR and Internal Family Systems.
Currently scheduling new in person clients for January 2026- As a licensed mental health therapist my goal is to offer you a safe space to process your emotions, restore balance to your nervous system, and build greater self awareness. Specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, I use research supported trauma therapies including EMDR and Internal Family Systems.
(812) 558-5032 View (812) 558-5032
Photo of Lindsay Potts - CLM Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
CLM Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bloomington, IN 47401
CLM Wellness welcomes new patients to join us in their mental health and wellness journey. CLM believes in the integration of therapy and movement to reach the full human potential. CLM: Connect. Live. Move.
CLM Wellness welcomes new patients to join us in their mental health and wellness journey. CLM believes in the integration of therapy and movement to reach the full human potential. CLM: Connect. Live. Move.
(812) 389-0293 View (812) 389-0293
Photo of Amy Logan, Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC, LCPC
Amy Logan
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC, LCPC
Bloomington, IN 47401
Hello and welcome! I am licensed in Indiana and Illinois, and I provide convenient telehealth sessions across both states, as well as in-person sessions at my Indiana office. My practice specializes in helping clients recover from the deep wounds of narcissistic abuse, navigating the unique challenges and strengths of the LGBTQ community, and processing the lasting impact of childhood trauma. I approach therapy with compassion, authenticity, and respect, guiding clients toward greater self-understanding and resilience.
Hello and welcome! I am licensed in Indiana and Illinois, and I provide convenient telehealth sessions across both states, as well as in-person sessions at my Indiana office. My practice specializes in helping clients recover from the deep wounds of narcissistic abuse, navigating the unique challenges and strengths of the LGBTQ community, and processing the lasting impact of childhood trauma. I approach therapy with compassion, authenticity, and respect, guiding clients toward greater self-understanding and resilience.
(317) 795-0391 View (317) 795-0391
Photo of Jonna Marie Capio - Jonna Marie Capio, LMHC, LLC, Counselor, MS, EdS, LMHC
Jonna Marie Capio, LMHC, LLC
Counselor, MS, EdS, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
If you are in a life crisis, a life shift, need behavioral changes, feel "stuck" or if you have found yourself in "transition" where life is demanding you adjust, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. I have a deep respect for the strength, resilience, and depth of people and am passionate about assisting with healing and authentic growth. My style is collaborative and integrates a variety of counseling approaches including; cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, educational, supportive and spiritual.
If you are in a life crisis, a life shift, need behavioral changes, feel "stuck" or if you have found yourself in "transition" where life is demanding you adjust, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. I have a deep respect for the strength, resilience, and depth of people and am passionate about assisting with healing and authentic growth. My style is collaborative and integrates a variety of counseling approaches including; cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, educational, supportive and spiritual.
(812) 783-8774 View (812) 783-8774
Photo of Debra S Unger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Debra S Unger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Bloomington, IN 47401
As a licensed therapist for over twenty-five years, I specialize in working with the unique demands of graduate students, faculty and administrators to reduce burnout and anxiety while creating sustainable work-life balance. Improve stress management and enhance productivity by learning tools to more effectively navigate the barriers of university and department politics, teaching vs. research, challenging students, service requirements, and publishing pressures. Additional specializations include anxiety, depression, reproduction and infertility, divorce, parenting, women's issues, medical advocacy and narcissistic abuse.
As a licensed therapist for over twenty-five years, I specialize in working with the unique demands of graduate students, faculty and administrators to reduce burnout and anxiety while creating sustainable work-life balance. Improve stress management and enhance productivity by learning tools to more effectively navigate the barriers of university and department politics, teaching vs. research, challenging students, service requirements, and publishing pressures. Additional specializations include anxiety, depression, reproduction and infertility, divorce, parenting, women's issues, medical advocacy and narcissistic abuse.
(812) 702-4263 View (812) 702-4263
Photo of Kerrie E Taylor - Take Care LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSSW
Take Care LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSSW
Bloomington, IN 47401
Validation, support & a listening ear are key when we need help. You are the expert on your life experiences & with therapeutic support, you can make a plan for your life in a safe space, in your own time. I work with children, teens, young adults & older through virtual sessions & walking sessions. I value honoring & considering client identity as it informs the therapeutic process.
Validation, support & a listening ear are key when we need help. You are the expert on your life experiences & with therapeutic support, you can make a plan for your life in a safe space, in your own time. I work with children, teens, young adults & older through virtual sessions & walking sessions. I value honoring & considering client identity as it informs the therapeutic process.
(812) 445-6302 View (812) 445-6302
Photo of Kari McMillin
Kari McMillin
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
My focus is working with clients who may have challenges that others may not understand. My belief is that everyone wants to be a good person at their core, and sometimes people go about trying to obtain a normal, healthy goal in a wrong way. I believe everyone has strengths, and building strengths to overcome our difficulties is key in moving forward. I have experience working with victims of trauma, justice-involved individuals, those with a history of sexual offending, those that suffer from significant mental health, and others that just struggle being understood by society.
My focus is working with clients who may have challenges that others may not understand. My belief is that everyone wants to be a good person at their core, and sometimes people go about trying to obtain a normal, healthy goal in a wrong way. I believe everyone has strengths, and building strengths to overcome our difficulties is key in moving forward. I have experience working with victims of trauma, justice-involved individuals, those with a history of sexual offending, those that suffer from significant mental health, and others that just struggle being understood by society.
(812) 587-7360 View (812) 587-7360
Photo of Nichole Alspaugh Williams, Counselor, EdS, LMHC, NCC
Nichole Alspaugh Williams
Counselor, EdS, LMHC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
Work stress can leave us feeling anxious, depressed, trapped, and irritable with our family and friends. You may be fed up with a toxic workplace that leaves you unable to sleep, feeling angry, or feeling unmotivated. Perhaps you’re suffering from imposter syndrome or self-confidence challenges that are holding you back from something you want to pursue, be it a promotion, a big project, or a new job. Maybe you’re simply bored at your job. You might even have decided it’s time to move on to a new job or new career. You might not even remember a time when you enjoyed your job. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief.
Work stress can leave us feeling anxious, depressed, trapped, and irritable with our family and friends. You may be fed up with a toxic workplace that leaves you unable to sleep, feeling angry, or feeling unmotivated. Perhaps you’re suffering from imposter syndrome or self-confidence challenges that are holding you back from something you want to pursue, be it a promotion, a big project, or a new job. Maybe you’re simply bored at your job. You might even have decided it’s time to move on to a new job or new career. You might not even remember a time when you enjoyed your job. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief.
(812) 966-1782 View (812) 966-1782
Photo of Phil Librizzi, Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Phil Librizzi
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Bloomington, IN 47401
My speciality is building close rapport with my clients who have told me throughout my years of counseling they feel able to talk with me openly. I believe this is due to the fact that I adhere to the Rogerian Principle of unconditional positive regard and a non-judgemental stance. Treating others with respect and dignity facilitates true self-examination and an opportunity for personal growth. Close rapport is the foundation that will maximize the effectiveness of my cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, treatment that will allow you to quickly reclaim your sense of well-being and optimal level of functioning.
My speciality is building close rapport with my clients who have told me throughout my years of counseling they feel able to talk with me openly. I believe this is due to the fact that I adhere to the Rogerian Principle of unconditional positive regard and a non-judgemental stance. Treating others with respect and dignity facilitates true self-examination and an opportunity for personal growth. Close rapport is the foundation that will maximize the effectiveness of my cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, treatment that will allow you to quickly reclaim your sense of well-being and optimal level of functioning.
(812) 270-4749 View (812) 270-4749
Photo of Dawn H Lindeman - Lindeman & Associates Psychological Services, Psychologist, MS, PhD, NCC, HSPP
Lindeman & Associates Psychological Services
Psychologist, MS, PhD, NCC, HSPP
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
I specialize in conducting psychological evaluations for children, adolescents, and adults. All evaluations focus on the development of individuals with an emphasis on change and growth. Psychological assessment, clinical interviewing, and a thorough review of collateral information are utilized to provide a comprehensive summary, accurate diagnosis, and relevant recommendations to address the many diverse concerns experienced by different individuals.
I specialize in conducting psychological evaluations for children, adolescents, and adults. All evaluations focus on the development of individuals with an emphasis on change and growth. Psychological assessment, clinical interviewing, and a thorough review of collateral information are utilized to provide a comprehensive summary, accurate diagnosis, and relevant recommendations to address the many diverse concerns experienced by different individuals.
(812) 717-4672 View (812) 717-4672
Photo of Cindy Ooley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Cindy Ooley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Bloomington, IN 47401
I am currently accepting new clients. Experiencing distress as a result of depression, anxiety, strained relationships, PTSD, women's issues, child sexual abuse, behavioral concerns or issues related to military service? I invite you to contact me to schedule an initial assessment. With more than 15 years experience in mental health services I have worked with many individuals & families to decrease their symptoms, improve their functioning and strengthen their relationships. I would like to help you too. I am a graduate of the University of Missouri-Columbia and licensed in the state of Indiana.
I am currently accepting new clients. Experiencing distress as a result of depression, anxiety, strained relationships, PTSD, women's issues, child sexual abuse, behavioral concerns or issues related to military service? I invite you to contact me to schedule an initial assessment. With more than 15 years experience in mental health services I have worked with many individuals & families to decrease their symptoms, improve their functioning and strengthen their relationships. I would like to help you too. I am a graduate of the University of Missouri-Columbia and licensed in the state of Indiana.
(812) 362-5731 View (812) 362-5731
Photo of Stewart B Ball, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, LCAC
Stewart B Ball
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, LCAC
Bloomington, IN 47401
I provide an experience where your problems can be addressed in an open, non-judgmental, and confidential setting. I am not a passive therapist. I seek to help individuals, couples, and families learn how to move forward. Learning may involve growing one's self- acceptance or lessening one's dependence upon approval. It may involve improving one's judgment and/or taking care of oneself in relationships. The learning may involve "letting go" of a "bad" relationship or grieving losses . It may involve overcoming anxiety, depression or addiction(s). Lastly, learning may involve restoring broken trust or estrangement.
I provide an experience where your problems can be addressed in an open, non-judgmental, and confidential setting. I am not a passive therapist. I seek to help individuals, couples, and families learn how to move forward. Learning may involve growing one's self- acceptance or lessening one's dependence upon approval. It may involve improving one's judgment and/or taking care of oneself in relationships. The learning may involve "letting go" of a "bad" relationship or grieving losses . It may involve overcoming anxiety, depression or addiction(s). Lastly, learning may involve restoring broken trust or estrangement.
(812) 496-0268 View (812) 496-0268
Photo of Kaitlin King - Nurturing Connections, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nurturing Connections
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bloomington, IN 47401
We are a female- and queer-owned business focusing on service, social justice, equity, and self-care. All of our Clinical Staff are EMDR trained, Attachment- and Trauma-Informed, and are committed to creating a healing space for everyone.
We are a female- and queer-owned business focusing on service, social justice, equity, and self-care. All of our Clinical Staff are EMDR trained, Attachment- and Trauma-Informed, and are committed to creating a healing space for everyone.
(812) 570-4278 View (812) 570-4278
Photo of Brynn Parkinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Brynn Parkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Bloomington, IN 47401
I specialize in working with adults experiencing anxiety, chronic illness, stress, and grief. My approach to therapy is concrete - with lots of flexibility, guided by your needs. If you prefer to talk it out, I'm here to listen, encourage, challenge, and validate. If you'd like some tangible work, I can incorporate in-session activities, worksheets, and psychoeducation. Perhaps you'd like a mixture of both, or you're not sure yet - that's fine too! We'll figure out together what works best for you.
I specialize in working with adults experiencing anxiety, chronic illness, stress, and grief. My approach to therapy is concrete - with lots of flexibility, guided by your needs. If you prefer to talk it out, I'm here to listen, encourage, challenge, and validate. If you'd like some tangible work, I can incorporate in-session activities, worksheets, and psychoeducation. Perhaps you'd like a mixture of both, or you're not sure yet - that's fine too! We'll figure out together what works best for you.
(812) 624-8436 View (812) 624-8436
Photo of Bret Eartheart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Bret Eartheart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
I specialize in couples and marriage counseling and will get you on the fast track to having the relationship you've always wanted! Whether you are on the edge of divorce, hungry to reclaim passion, eager to break through the challenges that create disconnection, conflict, and pain, or simply want to experience your relationship's greatest potential, I will teach you the tools, information, and practices it takes to have a thriving relationship! Visit: www.CenterForThrivingRelationships.com. Click on "Coaching and Counseling" to learn about private sessions, and visit the "Retreats" page to learn about our upcoming couples retreats. Let's make your life great!
I specialize in couples and marriage counseling and will get you on the fast track to having the relationship you've always wanted! Whether you are on the edge of divorce, hungry to reclaim passion, eager to break through the challenges that create disconnection, conflict, and pain, or simply want to experience your relationship's greatest potential, I will teach you the tools, information, and practices it takes to have a thriving relationship! Visit: www.CenterForThrivingRelationships.com. Click on "Coaching and Counseling" to learn about private sessions, and visit the "Retreats" page to learn about our upcoming couples retreats. Let's make your life great!
(812) 496-0452 View (812) 496-0452
Photo of Dayana Ferrera, Counselor, LMHC, MSEd
Dayana Ferrera
Counselor, LMHC, MSEd
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401
My counseling approach is rooted in the belief that every individual carries a natural capacity for healing. I strive to foster a therapeutic relationship grounded in collaboration, where I help clients build the tools they need to better understand their inner landscape and navigate challenges—supporting them as they identify and implement healthier, more adaptive ways of resolving conflict and embracing opportunities for growth. In our initial sessions, we’ll focus on building a sense of safety and trust as you share what brings you to therapy, your history, and the challenges you’re facing at your own pace.
My counseling approach is rooted in the belief that every individual carries a natural capacity for healing. I strive to foster a therapeutic relationship grounded in collaboration, where I help clients build the tools they need to better understand their inner landscape and navigate challenges—supporting them as they identify and implement healthier, more adaptive ways of resolving conflict and embracing opportunities for growth. In our initial sessions, we’ll focus on building a sense of safety and trust as you share what brings you to therapy, your history, and the challenges you’re facing at your own pace.
(812) 203-4249 View (812) 203-4249

See more therapy options for 47401

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 47401

100+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 47401 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
66% Self Esteem
64% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Anthem
74% Aetna
74% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 47401 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 47401?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.