Therapists in 40221

Photo of Ken Hollis, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Ken Hollis
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Serves Area
The thing I most enjoy about being a counselor is it gives me the opportunity to see how truly resilient people are. I've had the privilege of working with couples who believed that their marriage was beyond repair, and with individuals who were convinced that they were broken. And I've seen those same individuals and couples work to develop new ways of thinking and relating to others, and work to confront past issues that were controlling their present. Working with each of those individuals and couples was a great privilege, and I would consider it a privilege to work with you as well!
The thing I most enjoy about being a counselor is it gives me the opportunity to see how truly resilient people are. I've had the privilege of working with couples who believed that their marriage was beyond repair, and with individuals who were convinced that they were broken. And I've seen those same individuals and couples work to develop new ways of thinking and relating to others, and work to confront past issues that were controlling their present. Working with each of those individuals and couples was a great privilege, and I would consider it a privilege to work with you as well!
(502) 829-6601 View (502) 829-6601
Photo of Dan Wolverton, Psychologist, PhD
Dan Wolverton
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I combine excellent education/training (Stanford University; U of L; Palo Alto, California VA) with intelligence, heart, wisdom, and experience (23 years) to help you overcome suffering and achieve your unique goals. I work to understand and appreciate you deeply, in all your uniqueness, even as I bring the best of my human compassion and therapeutic skill to the task of helping you. Goals in our work together can include healing emotional suffering and trauma; calming stress, anxiety, and anger; overcoming loss, depression, and break-ups; resolving couple conflicts and miscommunication; and working to clarify your deeper life path and purpose.
I combine excellent education/training (Stanford University; U of L; Palo Alto, California VA) with intelligence, heart, wisdom, and experience (23 years) to help you overcome suffering and achieve your unique goals. I work to understand and appreciate you deeply, in all your uniqueness, even as I bring the best of my human compassion and therapeutic skill to the task of helping you. Goals in our work together can include healing emotional suffering and trauma; calming stress, anxiety, and anger; overcoming loss, depression, and break-ups; resolving couple conflicts and miscommunication; and working to clarify your deeper life path and purpose.
(502) 650-9253 View (502) 650-9253
Photo of Jane Curtis Land, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MBA, MEd, LPCC
Jane Curtis Land
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MBA, MEd, LPCC
Serves Area
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you."
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you."
(502) 819-6886 View (502) 819-6886
Photo of Patrice Elmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Patrice Elmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Do you ever find yourself wondering which way is up? Are the demands of everyday life becoming draining or overwhelming? Well you are not alone in figuring it all out. My name is Patrice and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Virginia and Kentucky. I currently reside in the DMV area and have been practicing a little over 4 years now. Together, I am here to help you figure out what those overwhelming feelings mean and ways to manage them so you can get back to focusing on the things that matter most to you.
Do you ever find yourself wondering which way is up? Are the demands of everyday life becoming draining or overwhelming? Well you are not alone in figuring it all out. My name is Patrice and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Virginia and Kentucky. I currently reside in the DMV area and have been practicing a little over 4 years now. Together, I am here to help you figure out what those overwhelming feelings mean and ways to manage them so you can get back to focusing on the things that matter most to you.
(703) 215-3096 View (703) 215-3096
Photo of Danielle Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Danielle Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in dealing with issues regarding relationship stress, sexual challenges, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication, life transition, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, problem solving, conflict resolution, divorce, and loss. I really enjoy working with LBGTQIAP, Consensual Non-Monogamy, and Kink Relationships and Individuals. I would be honored to work in a collaborative fashion with you to foster growth and change through individual, relationship, premarital, marital, divorce, or sexual therapy.
I specialize in dealing with issues regarding relationship stress, sexual challenges, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication, life transition, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, problem solving, conflict resolution, divorce, and loss. I really enjoy working with LBGTQIAP, Consensual Non-Monogamy, and Kink Relationships and Individuals. I would be honored to work in a collaborative fashion with you to foster growth and change through individual, relationship, premarital, marital, divorce, or sexual therapy.
(502) 289-6526 View (502) 289-6526

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Johnna Turnage, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Johnna Turnage
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Hello! My name is Johnna. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Kentucky and Tennessee. I have over 25 years of experience in college advising, adjunct faculty member, school based social work, school counseling, mental health therapy, group therapy and substance abuse counseling. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues and life transitions. I like working with adults ranging from 18 to 99 years of age. My focus is mainly depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, attachment, grief, relationship issues and life transitions.
Hello! My name is Johnna. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Kentucky and Tennessee. I have over 25 years of experience in college advising, adjunct faculty member, school based social work, school counseling, mental health therapy, group therapy and substance abuse counseling. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues and life transitions. I like working with adults ranging from 18 to 99 years of age. My focus is mainly depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, attachment, grief, relationship issues and life transitions.
(502) 414-8248 View (502) 414-8248
Photo of Katherine Leigh Garrett - Creating Connection, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPAT, LPCC, LPCA, RPT
Creating Connection
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPAT, LPCC, LPCA, RPT
Louisville, KY 40206
Waitlist for new clients
Creating Connection is a small group practice aimed at providing playful and expressive therapeutic services to children, teens, and adults. We believe in treatment that is trauma informed, nurturing, and sensitive to the needs of each individual. Attachment, connection, and relationships are key to being our best selves and progress; including a positive and empowering relationship with your therapist. Each of our therapists specialize is working with different populations (all of which is listed below). We strive to maintain evidenced based practices to ensure high quality care that is accessible and consistent to all clients.
Creating Connection is a small group practice aimed at providing playful and expressive therapeutic services to children, teens, and adults. We believe in treatment that is trauma informed, nurturing, and sensitive to the needs of each individual. Attachment, connection, and relationships are key to being our best selves and progress; including a positive and empowering relationship with your therapist. Each of our therapists specialize is working with different populations (all of which is listed below). We strive to maintain evidenced based practices to ensure high quality care that is accessible and consistent to all clients.
(502) 281-0277 View (502) 281-0277
Photo of Jason Rickard, Counselor, LPCC-S
Jason Rickard
Counselor, LPCC-S
Online Only
The ideal client is an individual who is engaged in seeking services to help refocus negative life circumstances into a positive outlook. The ideal client wants to work hard on identifying unmet needs and put in the effort to seek a brighter future. The ideal client is also strongly vested in problem resolution and long-term success in all aspects of their lives.
The ideal client is an individual who is engaged in seeking services to help refocus negative life circumstances into a positive outlook. The ideal client wants to work hard on identifying unmet needs and put in the effort to seek a brighter future. The ideal client is also strongly vested in problem resolution and long-term success in all aspects of their lives.
(270) 449-1798 View (270) 449-1798
Photo of Natalie Deering, MS, LPP, CMI, YT-200
Natalie Deering
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Client stated, "That felt like a deep tissue massage of the mind" after a session with calmness and clarity in their voice. Our innate healing potential can feel out of reach when we're overwhelmed with feelings, thoughts, and uncomfortable physical sensations due to anxiety, trauma, and stress. With IFS therapy I can help you access the healing energy within you. Together, we can befriend and heal the parts inside you that are stuck in extreme roles and help these parts feel calm and balanced. "I experienced a shift that changed everything. I can't recommend Natalie highly enough."- Client.
Client stated, "That felt like a deep tissue massage of the mind" after a session with calmness and clarity in their voice. Our innate healing potential can feel out of reach when we're overwhelmed with feelings, thoughts, and uncomfortable physical sensations due to anxiety, trauma, and stress. With IFS therapy I can help you access the healing energy within you. Together, we can befriend and heal the parts inside you that are stuck in extreme roles and help these parts feel calm and balanced. "I experienced a shift that changed everything. I can't recommend Natalie highly enough."- Client.
(502) 385-4828 View (502) 385-4828
Photo of Necole L Richardson, Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LPCC
Necole L Richardson
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LPCC
Online Only
You've taken the first step! Is your trauma becoming more of a problem for you? Are you struggling with motivation and feeling more overwhelmed. Are you using unsustainable or unhealthy ways to cope with life? You are not alone. Life is pretty complex and sometimes presents us with challenges that require extra support. Being curious or even feed up enough to look for extra support for your struggles shows a lot of courage. Congratulations to you for not allowing those old fears to consume you and taking the first step to improve your life.
You've taken the first step! Is your trauma becoming more of a problem for you? Are you struggling with motivation and feeling more overwhelmed. Are you using unsustainable or unhealthy ways to cope with life? You are not alone. Life is pretty complex and sometimes presents us with challenges that require extra support. Being curious or even feed up enough to look for extra support for your struggles shows a lot of courage. Congratulations to you for not allowing those old fears to consume you and taking the first step to improve your life.
(423) 295-7760 View (423) 295-7760
Photo of Heather Lauren Cornett, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Heather Lauren Cornett
Psychologist, PhD, LP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
At Twilight Psychology, I specialize in providing comprehensive psychological assessments, focusing on Autism, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, and Personality Disorders. My expertise is in assessing individuals who might be subconsciously masking their symptoms in social settings. I offer in-person psychoeducational assessments for individuals aged 5 and up as well as guardianship evaluations. I am also trained to support those navigating Severe and Persistent Mental Illness, such as Borderline Personality Disorder, helping them understand their struggles and experiences. I have a waitlist for therapy clients.
At Twilight Psychology, I specialize in providing comprehensive psychological assessments, focusing on Autism, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, and Personality Disorders. My expertise is in assessing individuals who might be subconsciously masking their symptoms in social settings. I offer in-person psychoeducational assessments for individuals aged 5 and up as well as guardianship evaluations. I am also trained to support those navigating Severe and Persistent Mental Illness, such as Borderline Personality Disorder, helping them understand their struggles and experiences. I have a waitlist for therapy clients.
(502) 673-1368 View (502) 673-1368
Photo of Kirsten Sparks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Kirsten Sparks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Online Only
As an EMDR-certified therapist, I specialize in helping clients process trauma through Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This effective technique helps reduce the emotional impact of distressing memories, allowing for relief from anxiety, depression, and related symptoms.
As an EMDR-certified therapist, I specialize in helping clients process trauma through Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This effective technique helps reduce the emotional impact of distressing memories, allowing for relief from anxiety, depression, and related symptoms.
(304) 407-7910 View (304) 407-7910
Photo of Sara Williamson Sutphin, MEd, LPP
Sara Williamson Sutphin
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
As a Licensed Psychological Practitioner, I use telehealth and in person therapy formats to treat adults. I have extensive experience treating individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, PTSD, body-focused repetitive behaviors (such as trichotillomania), hoarding, and other anxiety-related disorders. I employ a values-based approach that often includes humor, music, and connecting with community and people. Exposure/Ritual Prevention therapy in particular will include experiencing aversive and unpleasant thoughts and feelings and learning skills to tolerate them to improve overall quality of life.
As a Licensed Psychological Practitioner, I use telehealth and in person therapy formats to treat adults. I have extensive experience treating individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, PTSD, body-focused repetitive behaviors (such as trichotillomania), hoarding, and other anxiety-related disorders. I employ a values-based approach that often includes humor, music, and connecting with community and people. Exposure/Ritual Prevention therapy in particular will include experiencing aversive and unpleasant thoughts and feelings and learning skills to tolerate them to improve overall quality of life.
(502) 354-4702 View (502) 354-4702
Photo of Sara Wright - The Mindful Mama, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, PMH-C
The Mindful Mama
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, PMH-C
Online Only
During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women and new moms are faced with all kinds of new challenges. Between fluctuating hormones, adjustments to motherhood, and the risk of postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, there could be a number of issues that women face during the perinatal period. I am committed to working with women and providing them support as they navigate these new waters of motherhood. Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders affect 1 in 5 to 7 new moms. You are not alone. You’re not to blame. With support and help, you can be healthy again.
During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women and new moms are faced with all kinds of new challenges. Between fluctuating hormones, adjustments to motherhood, and the risk of postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, there could be a number of issues that women face during the perinatal period. I am committed to working with women and providing them support as they navigate these new waters of motherhood. Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders affect 1 in 5 to 7 new moms. You are not alone. You’re not to blame. With support and help, you can be healthy again.
(270) 229-6023 View (270) 229-6023
Photo of Troy Johnson - Gender Dysphoria Assessments and Surgery Letters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gender Dysphoria Assessments and Surgery Letters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
You’ve already had to fight just to be seen, to be believed, to be taken seriously. This isn’t another hurdle, it’s a hand on your back saying “I’ve got you.” I offer gender dysphoria assessments and same-day letters for transgender surgery—top surgery, bottom surgery, and facial feminization. From Paducah to Pikeville, and all across Kentucky, I support trans and nonbinary clients across Indiana with fast, WPATH-aligned documentation that reflects who you are. Show up as you are, and I’ll take it from there.
You’ve already had to fight just to be seen, to be believed, to be taken seriously. This isn’t another hurdle, it’s a hand on your back saying “I’ve got you.” I offer gender dysphoria assessments and same-day letters for transgender surgery—top surgery, bottom surgery, and facial feminization. From Paducah to Pikeville, and all across Kentucky, I support trans and nonbinary clients across Indiana with fast, WPATH-aligned documentation that reflects who you are. Show up as you are, and I’ll take it from there.
(502) 215-3683 View (502) 215-3683
Photo of James Acquisto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
James Acquisto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Systems of psychotherapy were created to help people cope with human and life problems. These systems are not random, but informed by theories of how people develop and experience psychological and social issues. I am reliant on these systems and am therefore reliant on evidence based ways of helping people. I am most reliant on cognitive systems of therapy, which target people’s cognitive mechanisms that create and perpetuate depression and anxiety symptoms.
Systems of psychotherapy were created to help people cope with human and life problems. These systems are not random, but informed by theories of how people develop and experience psychological and social issues. I am reliant on these systems and am therefore reliant on evidence based ways of helping people. I am most reliant on cognitive systems of therapy, which target people’s cognitive mechanisms that create and perpetuate depression and anxiety symptoms.
(859) 809-2628 View (859) 809-2628
Photo of Michael David Farjellah, Psychologist, PhD
Michael David Farjellah
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
Dr. Michael Farjellah is a decorated combat veteran, retired Army officer, Christian, husband, father, grandfather, and clinical psychologist with over 20 years in the field. He goes after the heart to battle emotional and stress management (anger, anxiety, depression), spiritual conflicts, relationship issues, sleep problems, addiction, and many other mental/physical/spiritual health areas. "No matter how hard your circumstances are, never quit or give up! Please call, text, or email. Let's get down into the struggle, and find ways to change, accept, forgive, and move on toward the light and out of the pain."
Dr. Michael Farjellah is a decorated combat veteran, retired Army officer, Christian, husband, father, grandfather, and clinical psychologist with over 20 years in the field. He goes after the heart to battle emotional and stress management (anger, anxiety, depression), spiritual conflicts, relationship issues, sleep problems, addiction, and many other mental/physical/spiritual health areas. "No matter how hard your circumstances are, never quit or give up! Please call, text, or email. Let's get down into the struggle, and find ways to change, accept, forgive, and move on toward the light and out of the pain."
(737) 201-9889 View (737) 201-9889
Photo of Whitney Sims, Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Whitney Sims
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Like characters from our favorite stories, we often get stuck when we encounter obstacles on the journey toward who/where we want to be. Perhaps you’re at a stuck point. Perhaps you’re dealing with shame, self-doubt, traumatic stress, grief, anxiety, emotional imbalance, unstable relationships, or an outlook that only seems to be hurting you. I have some good news: “stuckness” doesn’t have to be your destiny. Periods of “stuckness” may present as giants, but they are also opportunities for awareness, growth, & change. As your therapist, I want to help you navigate the obstacles impeding your journey, so you can move forward.
Like characters from our favorite stories, we often get stuck when we encounter obstacles on the journey toward who/where we want to be. Perhaps you’re at a stuck point. Perhaps you’re dealing with shame, self-doubt, traumatic stress, grief, anxiety, emotional imbalance, unstable relationships, or an outlook that only seems to be hurting you. I have some good news: “stuckness” doesn’t have to be your destiny. Periods of “stuckness” may present as giants, but they are also opportunities for awareness, growth, & change. As your therapist, I want to help you navigate the obstacles impeding your journey, so you can move forward.
(502) 237-6593 View (502) 237-6593
Photo of Alexandria Pruitt, Psychologist, PsyD
Alexandria Pruitt
Psychologist, PsyD
Louisville, KY 40243
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has committed my training and practice to helping children, adolescents, and families navigate psychological diagnoses compounded by medical complications. As a Pediatric Psychologist, I deliver evidence-based treatments to individuals, groups, and families in a compassionate and solution focused manner. I also specialize in treating perfectionism, eating disorders including Binge Eating Disorder, Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. I work with individuals who have complex medical conditions such as chronic pain, diabetes, migraines, GI disorders and many others.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has committed my training and practice to helping children, adolescents, and families navigate psychological diagnoses compounded by medical complications. As a Pediatric Psychologist, I deliver evidence-based treatments to individuals, groups, and families in a compassionate and solution focused manner. I also specialize in treating perfectionism, eating disorders including Binge Eating Disorder, Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. I work with individuals who have complex medical conditions such as chronic pain, diabetes, migraines, GI disorders and many others.
(502) 289-1843 View (502) 289-1843
Photo of Lindsay Thornely, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lindsay Thornely
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40299
I work with clients facing a variety of challenges, including anxiety, life transitions, and relational difficulties. Drawing from a deep understanding of the emotional and psychological impact of these issues, I tailor each session to meet the unique needs of the individual, providing personalized support, coping strategies, and practical tools to help navigate life's complexities. My ability to meet clients where they are and guide them toward solutions fosters both trust and progress in the therapeutic relationship.
I work with clients facing a variety of challenges, including anxiety, life transitions, and relational difficulties. Drawing from a deep understanding of the emotional and psychological impact of these issues, I tailor each session to meet the unique needs of the individual, providing personalized support, coping strategies, and practical tools to help navigate life's complexities. My ability to meet clients where they are and guide them toward solutions fosters both trust and progress in the therapeutic relationship.
(502) 806-2168 View (502) 806-2168

See more therapy options for 40221

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 40221

< 10

Therapists in 40221 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Peer Relationships
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Anxiety
80% Grief

Average years in practice

24 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 40221 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 40221?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.