Photo of Jaryn D Turnage, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jaryn D Turnage
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
I am providing online sessions only. Therapy can be intimidating for many people, but it’s my job to help you feel comfortable sharing your experiences. I enjoy working with young adults, parents, and particularly new moms. I believe it’s essential to provide a space that is filled with honesty, empathy, and kindness so that every client feels safe to express their needs. I am a Christian and believe that my faith helps me meet people exactly where they are and guide them toward healing and growth.
I am providing online sessions only. Therapy can be intimidating for many people, but it’s my job to help you feel comfortable sharing your experiences. I enjoy working with young adults, parents, and particularly new moms. I believe it’s essential to provide a space that is filled with honesty, empathy, and kindness so that every client feels safe to express their needs. I am a Christian and believe that my faith helps me meet people exactly where they are and guide them toward healing and growth.
(423) 427-4459 View (423) 427-4459
Photo of Nick Morgan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nick Morgan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I enjoy working with individuals ages 14+ who have expressed a desire to better themselves and work hard on their mental health. Together, we will identify areas of difficulty, and discuss treatment solutions that both client and therapist are comfortable with.
I enjoy working with individuals ages 14+ who have expressed a desire to better themselves and work hard on their mental health. Together, we will identify areas of difficulty, and discuss treatment solutions that both client and therapist are comfortable with.
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Photo of Leigh Anne Goldstine - Built to Bond, Inc. Attachment Institute, LPCMHSP, BCPC, CTS, CDVC, NCCE, Licensed Professional Counselor
Built to Bond, Inc. Attachment Institute
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, BCPC, CTS, CDVC, NCCE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
If you are broken and in need of healing from abuse and trauma and/or are trying to parent a "child forgotten" you have come to the right place. Suffering through the aftermath of sexual abuse, domestic violence, emotional abuse, foster care and extreme neglect often makes it nearly impossible to trust others, which is a necessary starting point for healthy relationship formation. Built to Bond, Inc. is designed to enable you to make sense of your trauma and begin the healing process from a Christian perspective through the "Treat PTSD with PTSD to get PTSD" treatment modality.
If you are broken and in need of healing from abuse and trauma and/or are trying to parent a "child forgotten" you have come to the right place. Suffering through the aftermath of sexual abuse, domestic violence, emotional abuse, foster care and extreme neglect often makes it nearly impossible to trust others, which is a necessary starting point for healthy relationship formation. Built to Bond, Inc. is designed to enable you to make sense of your trauma and begin the healing process from a Christian perspective through the "Treat PTSD with PTSD to get PTSD" treatment modality.
(865) 685-5895 View (865) 685-5895
Photo of Pisey Sok, LMFT, MDiv, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pisey Sok
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MDiv
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
I currently provide telehealth counseling for individuals, couples, and families with a variety of presenting problems to improve their interpersonal relationships. I am certified in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Restoration Therapy to diagnose and treat generalize anxiety, clinical depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, family problems, relational problems, and other adjustment disorders. I hope to help you regain greater self-control, inner peace, and power over anxiety, depression, and trauma to increase your emotional intelligence and self-regulation skills to improve your quality of life and relationships.
I currently provide telehealth counseling for individuals, couples, and families with a variety of presenting problems to improve their interpersonal relationships. I am certified in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Restoration Therapy to diagnose and treat generalize anxiety, clinical depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, family problems, relational problems, and other adjustment disorders. I hope to help you regain greater self-control, inner peace, and power over anxiety, depression, and trauma to increase your emotional intelligence and self-regulation skills to improve your quality of life and relationships.
(626) 606-2491 View (626) 606-2491
Photo of Cindy Fugatt, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy Fugatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
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Photo of Richard Todd Johnston, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Richard Todd Johnston
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, I understand the challenges that arise when dealing with mental health struggles such as anger, depression, ADHD, PTSD, ODD, and anxiety. I have spent the last 14 years working with adolescents in a residential setting, My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can express yourself, explore your emotions, and develop effective coping strategies. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, I understand the challenges that arise when dealing with mental health struggles such as anger, depression, ADHD, PTSD, ODD, and anxiety. I have spent the last 14 years working with adolescents in a residential setting, My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can express yourself, explore your emotions, and develop effective coping strategies. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
(865) 737-2963 View (865) 737-2963
Photo of Mia Tyler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mia Tyler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
It's completely normal to experience challenges in life, whether it's struggling with relationships, feeling overwhelmed, or dealing with work-related stress. Seeking therapy can provide a supportive and caring environment where you can openly explore your feelings and thoughts, gain valuable insights, and work towards personal growth. Throughout my career, I've had the honor of helping a wide range of individuals. I am pre-licensed in Tennessee and Michigan.
It's completely normal to experience challenges in life, whether it's struggling with relationships, feeling overwhelmed, or dealing with work-related stress. Seeking therapy can provide a supportive and caring environment where you can openly explore your feelings and thoughts, gain valuable insights, and work towards personal growth. Throughout my career, I've had the honor of helping a wide range of individuals. I am pre-licensed in Tennessee and Michigan.
(865) 518-8210 View (865) 518-8210
Photo of Ann O'Connor, PhD, Psychologist
Ann O'Connor
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel stuck? Do you struggle with low energy or emotional ups and downs? Are you struggling with your partner or children in this internet-driven era? Life can be hard. Even the most resilient person can struggle, and experience declining emotional & physical health. I would like to help you have more effective relationships, reduce your stress and develop coping skills. I have been privileged to work as a licensed psychologist in Tennessee for 30 years. While I welcome all clients, I integrate faith-based principles with sound psychological strategies if that is important to you.
Do you feel stuck? Do you struggle with low energy or emotional ups and downs? Are you struggling with your partner or children in this internet-driven era? Life can be hard. Even the most resilient person can struggle, and experience declining emotional & physical health. I would like to help you have more effective relationships, reduce your stress and develop coping skills. I have been privileged to work as a licensed psychologist in Tennessee for 30 years. While I welcome all clients, I integrate faith-based principles with sound psychological strategies if that is important to you.
(865) 302-3434 View (865) 302-3434
Photo of Summer Bryant, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Summer Bryant
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
As a therapist, my goal is to build a relationship with you so that I can walk alongside you in your journey to emotional health, in a safe and comfortable environment. While we cannot change difficult situations from the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a tough time or are ready to take a new direction in your life, I look forward to helping you achieve your goals!
As a therapist, my goal is to build a relationship with you so that I can walk alongside you in your journey to emotional health, in a safe and comfortable environment. While we cannot change difficult situations from the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a tough time or are ready to take a new direction in your life, I look forward to helping you achieve your goals!
(865) 229-1302 View (865) 229-1302
Photo of Todd Davis, PhD, MFT, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Todd Davis
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
Did you just reach your breaking point? Are you at risk for losing what you care about the most? I work with people experiencing anxiety, debilitating stress, relationship issues, and addictions. I help marriages survive problems like alcohol, drugs, infidelity, and other complicated issues. Problems can be destructive and overwhelming. Building a life you love in these conditions can seem impossible. But the right change, at the right time, in the right way makes a difference. Good counseling and coaching helps you win the fight of your life while trying to live it.
Did you just reach your breaking point? Are you at risk for losing what you care about the most? I work with people experiencing anxiety, debilitating stress, relationship issues, and addictions. I help marriages survive problems like alcohol, drugs, infidelity, and other complicated issues. Problems can be destructive and overwhelming. Building a life you love in these conditions can seem impossible. But the right change, at the right time, in the right way makes a difference. Good counseling and coaching helps you win the fight of your life while trying to live it.
(865) 622-7782 View (865) 622-7782
Photo of Justin R Hall, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Justin R Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
Justin Hall is a licensed professional counselor with a mental health service provider designation and over a decade of experience in the helping professions. He is a Knoxville native, and he obtained his Master’s degree in Counseling from the University of Tennessee. Justin has been a successful psychotherapist in outpatient, hospital, residential and crisis settings; providing services to individuals and couples. He is experienced with and is absolutely driven in helping his clients address depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. Justin writes letters for emotional support animals.
Justin Hall is a licensed professional counselor with a mental health service provider designation and over a decade of experience in the helping professions. He is a Knoxville native, and he obtained his Master’s degree in Counseling from the University of Tennessee. Justin has been a successful psychotherapist in outpatient, hospital, residential and crisis settings; providing services to individuals and couples. He is experienced with and is absolutely driven in helping his clients address depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. Justin writes letters for emotional support animals.
(865) 326-3567 View (865) 326-3567
Photo of Alex Thompson, LCSW, MSW, ADS, CSTS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alex Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, ADS, CSTS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
Serving Tennessee and Colorado virtually. Do you feel like you are drowning in emotions and can’t catch your breath? Do you struggle feeling heard? Do you feel unsupported from other people? Are you overwhelmed with daily activities or lack motivation? Do you struggle with shame? Have you been diagnosed or suspect you have anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, grief, or relationship issues? These challenges are more common than ever. Most individuals put off help, and like cancer the situation can worsen. To improve, it can seem overwhelming. You are not alone.
Serving Tennessee and Colorado virtually. Do you feel like you are drowning in emotions and can’t catch your breath? Do you struggle feeling heard? Do you feel unsupported from other people? Are you overwhelmed with daily activities or lack motivation? Do you struggle with shame? Have you been diagnosed or suspect you have anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, grief, or relationship issues? These challenges are more common than ever. Most individuals put off help, and like cancer the situation can worsen. To improve, it can seem overwhelming. You are not alone.
(865) 375-8991 View (865) 375-8991
Photo of Codi Dawn Kyle, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Codi Dawn Kyle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
I can help with symptom reduction from anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts and mood swings, etc. As well as help improve your coping skills, increase awareness, improve self esteem and self confidence, interpersonal relationships, better work life balance, recovery from substance abuse and overall wellbeing and quality of life, etc.
I can help with symptom reduction from anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts and mood swings, etc. As well as help improve your coping skills, increase awareness, improve self esteem and self confidence, interpersonal relationships, better work life balance, recovery from substance abuse and overall wellbeing and quality of life, etc.
(865) 375-8089 View (865) 375-8089
Photo of Jimmy Hill, LPC, MHSP, CSAT, cPA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jimmy Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, CSAT, cPA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. I am a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a trauma-informed IFS and EMDR therapist. I work with clients who are struggling with sexually compulsive and addictive behaviors including compulsive porn use, infidelity, sexual aversions, and other problematic behaviors. I offer a non-judgmental, empirically-based approach to help work through and resolve behaviors. If you have any questions about whether or not a compulsion or addiction is present, I would be happy to assess those behaviors and provide recommendations.
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. I am a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a trauma-informed IFS and EMDR therapist. I work with clients who are struggling with sexually compulsive and addictive behaviors including compulsive porn use, infidelity, sexual aversions, and other problematic behaviors. I offer a non-judgmental, empirically-based approach to help work through and resolve behaviors. If you have any questions about whether or not a compulsion or addiction is present, I would be happy to assess those behaviors and provide recommendations.
(865) 390-7656 View (865) 390-7656
Photo of Lauren Wiest Barbian, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Wiest Barbian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
I help Christian women who feel like life just isn't working out. Maybe you give constantly to others, but your relationships are still not satisfying. You work really hard to make things ok, but hard things keep happening, you aren't sure who you are, and you can't shake a sense of general disappointment with God, other people, and life in general. I'll work with you to overcome those hard things and disappointments in a way that lets you move toward healthy and connected relationships with God and other people.
I help Christian women who feel like life just isn't working out. Maybe you give constantly to others, but your relationships are still not satisfying. You work really hard to make things ok, but hard things keep happening, you aren't sure who you are, and you can't shake a sense of general disappointment with God, other people, and life in general. I'll work with you to overcome those hard things and disappointments in a way that lets you move toward healthy and connected relationships with God and other people.
(865) 234-3376 View (865) 234-3376
Photo of Dana Vince, MA, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Dana Vince
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I lead a group of specialists that help couples pull out of negative patterns of conflict and distress so they can become closer and more connected to one another. We understand that our need for secure connection is wired in us and when we can't feel connected in our most important relationships, it causes great distress. If it seems you are arguing over petty things, or feel distant and withdrawn, if your sexual connection isn't what it used to be or you are feeling like roommates, we can help create the safety needed to explore the underlying issues at the core so you can experience a loving, secure bond with one another.
I lead a group of specialists that help couples pull out of negative patterns of conflict and distress so they can become closer and more connected to one another. We understand that our need for secure connection is wired in us and when we can't feel connected in our most important relationships, it causes great distress. If it seems you are arguing over petty things, or feel distant and withdrawn, if your sexual connection isn't what it used to be or you are feeling like roommates, we can help create the safety needed to explore the underlying issues at the core so you can experience a loving, secure bond with one another.
(865) 264-3059 View (865) 264-3059
Photo of Sara Darby, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sara Darby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
As a licensed counselor, I am committed to providing quality counseling services to the East TN community and Tennessee virtually. I have been licensed in Tennessee since 2015. I have worked in mental health since 2008. I had the wonderful opportunity from 2012-2016 to work under a licensed psychologist learning the ins and outs of a holistic approach of person centered therapy. Starting in 2016 I opened my own private practice and have been serving solely in that capacity since 2016. I offer faith based services only when asked to do so. I accept people from all walks of life and believe that everyone deserves dignity and respect.
As a licensed counselor, I am committed to providing quality counseling services to the East TN community and Tennessee virtually. I have been licensed in Tennessee since 2015. I have worked in mental health since 2008. I had the wonderful opportunity from 2012-2016 to work under a licensed psychologist learning the ins and outs of a holistic approach of person centered therapy. Starting in 2016 I opened my own private practice and have been serving solely in that capacity since 2016. I offer faith based services only when asked to do so. I accept people from all walks of life and believe that everyone deserves dignity and respect.
(865) 410-8191 View (865) 410-8191
Photo of Carol Lucas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carol Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
Carol Lucas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. She graduated from the University of Tennessee with a Master's in Social Work in 1999. She has worked with adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in a variety of settings such as inpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, school based, and community mental health. Carol uses a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to empower clients to deal with whatever they are facing, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, substance abuse, life changes, grief, loss, or executive skills deficits.
Carol Lucas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. She graduated from the University of Tennessee with a Master's in Social Work in 1999. She has worked with adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in a variety of settings such as inpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, school based, and community mental health. Carol uses a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to empower clients to deal with whatever they are facing, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, substance abuse, life changes, grief, loss, or executive skills deficits.
(865) 685-8834 View (865) 685-8834
Photo of Alexander Jose Velez, t-LPC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alexander Jose Velez
Pre-Licensed Professional, t-LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
Although my background is in trauma, I have clinical experience and training in assisting all people in dealing with the variety of life struggles. We all face different challenges in life and respond to them in our own ways. As such, each approach in treatment should be unique and person centered. My goal is to help each person along their journey in processing and overcoming their unique challenges so that they can thrive on their own..
Although my background is in trauma, I have clinical experience and training in assisting all people in dealing with the variety of life struggles. We all face different challenges in life and respond to them in our own ways. As such, each approach in treatment should be unique and person centered. My goal is to help each person along their journey in processing and overcoming their unique challenges so that they can thrive on their own..
(865) 505-8113 View (865) 505-8113
Photo of Thomas Langer, LMSW
Thomas Langer
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting,
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting,
(865) 503-4695 View (865) 503-4695
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37931

30+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in 37931 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Depression
87% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
71% Grief
68% Self Esteem
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Optum
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
78% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 37931 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37931?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.