Therapists in 37814

Photo of Candice Elaine Durman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd , LMFT
Candice Elaine Durman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd , LMFT
Morristown, TN 37814
I am a seasoned therapist in private practice serving people in Tennessee who are taking the courageous steps on the path of self-discovery, greater compassion, increased curiosity, and ultimately emotional wound healing. I work best with highly verbal clients, primarily 18+, who are interested in exploring spiritual and metaphysical topics that may feel unsafe to explore with others. I work best with individuals seeking more alignment with personal values, who are curious about Shadow Work, or religious trauma. I am a transpersonal psychologist, working from evidence-based best practices established by Family Systems Theory.
I am a seasoned therapist in private practice serving people in Tennessee who are taking the courageous steps on the path of self-discovery, greater compassion, increased curiosity, and ultimately emotional wound healing. I work best with highly verbal clients, primarily 18+, who are interested in exploring spiritual and metaphysical topics that may feel unsafe to explore with others. I work best with individuals seeking more alignment with personal values, who are curious about Shadow Work, or religious trauma. I am a transpersonal psychologist, working from evidence-based best practices established by Family Systems Theory.
(865) 419-9136 View (865) 419-9136
Photo of Alexis Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexis Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Morristown, TN 37814
If you’re here, something inside you already knows it’s time. Time to stop carrying the weight of everyone else's emotions, time to stop overthinking everything, time to stop believing you're "too much." You might be the one who always shows up, gives more than you get, and worries that if you stop trying so hard, everything will fall apart. You don't have to keep earning love through overthinking, caretaking, and self-silencing. Therapy can be the place where you finally exhale and learn how to tune into your own feelings and needs.
If you’re here, something inside you already knows it’s time. Time to stop carrying the weight of everyone else's emotions, time to stop overthinking everything, time to stop believing you're "too much." You might be the one who always shows up, gives more than you get, and worries that if you stop trying so hard, everything will fall apart. You don't have to keep earning love through overthinking, caretaking, and self-silencing. Therapy can be the place where you finally exhale and learn how to tune into your own feelings and needs.
(865) 420-5758 View (865) 420-5758
Photo of George Mack, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, NCC
George Mack
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, NCC
1 Endorsed
Morristown, TN 37814
My ideal client is someone who genuinely wants to be in therapy, someone ready to be heard, understood, and gently challenged. I believe meaningful growth happens when a person is open to exploring their thoughts and emotions, even when it’s uncomfortable. That openness is what makes therapy powerful and transformative. In our work together, I strive to create an environment that feels both supportive and safe. My goal is to help you understand your story, uncover patterns that hold you back, and move toward a more balanced and authentic version of yourself.
My ideal client is someone who genuinely wants to be in therapy, someone ready to be heard, understood, and gently challenged. I believe meaningful growth happens when a person is open to exploring their thoughts and emotions, even when it’s uncomfortable. That openness is what makes therapy powerful and transformative. In our work together, I strive to create an environment that feels both supportive and safe. My goal is to help you understand your story, uncover patterns that hold you back, and move toward a more balanced and authentic version of yourself.
(423) 556-3739 View (423) 556-3739
Photo of Heather Webb, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCMHSP
Heather Webb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCMHSP
Morristown, TN 37814
***ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS*** I welcome adults, teenagers, children, and couples. I have 21 years experience in the Mental Health field and always continue to learn how to best help a variety of populations. I have experience in and am able to treat people who have Anxiety, Depression, on the Autism Spectrum,Bi-polar, ADHD, OCD, Addictions, Phobias, ODD, Substance Abuse, Eating Disorders and low self-esteem.
***ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS*** I welcome adults, teenagers, children, and couples. I have 21 years experience in the Mental Health field and always continue to learn how to best help a variety of populations. I have experience in and am able to treat people who have Anxiety, Depression, on the Autism Spectrum,Bi-polar, ADHD, OCD, Addictions, Phobias, ODD, Substance Abuse, Eating Disorders and low self-esteem.
(865) 217-2692 View (865) 217-2692
Photo of Charlotte Bailey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Charlotte Bailey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Morristown, TN 37814
• Adults navigating depression, anxiety, grief and PTSD • Individuals seeking relief from the ebb & flow of life’s transitions and challenges • Couples committed to strengthening their relationship and navigating difficult seasons • Teens and children adjusting to blended families, divorce, life-stage shifts or family dynamic changes • Anyone ready to break free from nicotine dependence through the unique Clean Break Smoking Cessation Program
• Adults navigating depression, anxiety, grief and PTSD • Individuals seeking relief from the ebb & flow of life’s transitions and challenges • Couples committed to strengthening their relationship and navigating difficult seasons • Teens and children adjusting to blended families, divorce, life-stage shifts or family dynamic changes • Anyone ready to break free from nicotine dependence through the unique Clean Break Smoking Cessation Program
(931) 575-4534 View (931) 575-4534
Photo of Patricia Turner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Patricia Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Morristown, TN 37814
The healing journey begins with compassion and understanding without judgment. This journey can be a long and tiresome one; don’t walk it alone.
The healing journey begins with compassion and understanding without judgment. This journey can be a long and tiresome one; don’t walk it alone.
(865) 217-7599 View (865) 217-7599
Photo of Morgan Dudash, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Morgan Dudash
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am driven to support individuals in their personal growth and development, as well as help them make positive changes in their lives. I enjoy working with those who have a strong desire to understand themselves better, identify their core values and beliefs, and develop a greater sense of self-awareness and self-acceptance. I appreciate individuals who are open to exploring their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and who are willing to challenge themselves to try new things and take risks. I understand that it can be difficult to step out of one’s comfort zone, but I am here to support and encourage individuals.
I am driven to support individuals in their personal growth and development, as well as help them make positive changes in their lives. I enjoy working with those who have a strong desire to understand themselves better, identify their core values and beliefs, and develop a greater sense of self-awareness and self-acceptance. I appreciate individuals who are open to exploring their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and who are willing to challenge themselves to try new things and take risks. I understand that it can be difficult to step out of one’s comfort zone, but I am here to support and encourage individuals.
(865) 375-9257 View (865) 375-9257
Photo of Connie D O’Neal, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Connie D O’Neal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
A client’s growth process starts with the desire for change and continues with a trusting therapeutic relationship. My desire is to provide that therapeutic relationship as well as counseling services to nurture emotional & mental well-being leading to healing and growth for pre-teens, teens, adults, seniors, and couples, with a wide range of issues. Setting goals, making a treatment plan, & working toward developing coping skills to reduce anxiety, depression &/or working on such problems as school issues, self-esteem, or grief/loss. Whatever the need, there is support available. Reach out today & we will start the healing journey
A client’s growth process starts with the desire for change and continues with a trusting therapeutic relationship. My desire is to provide that therapeutic relationship as well as counseling services to nurture emotional & mental well-being leading to healing and growth for pre-teens, teens, adults, seniors, and couples, with a wide range of issues. Setting goals, making a treatment plan, & working toward developing coping skills to reduce anxiety, depression &/or working on such problems as school issues, self-esteem, or grief/loss. Whatever the need, there is support available. Reach out today & we will start the healing journey
(865) 503-4882 View (865) 503-4882
Photo of Sheila McGinty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sheila McGinty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Life can be overwhelming & difficult. Sometimes we experience significant life changes that can throw us off balance. Other times we might just feel stuck in our old patterns. Many things can interfere with our ability to live more authentically & function better. For those who are struggling with poor self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, or trauma, I would like to work with you. Navigating through these obstacles is not something you need to do alone.
Life can be overwhelming & difficult. Sometimes we experience significant life changes that can throw us off balance. Other times we might just feel stuck in our old patterns. Many things can interfere with our ability to live more authentically & function better. For those who are struggling with poor self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, or trauma, I would like to work with you. Navigating through these obstacles is not something you need to do alone.
(423) 471-8638 View (423) 471-8638
Photo of David G Pittman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
David G Pittman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
We all need a little help at various points in life..... Everyone has times in life when it is difficult to work through things on your own. Marital/Couple Problems, Separation/Divorce, Blended families, Adolescence Problems, Intimacy Issues, Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Alcohol-Drug Abuse, Parenting Issues, Grief or Bereavement Issues, Stress, Conflict Resolution, Addiction, and many more. Many times, we need someone to help us sort through these changes in our lives. Change is difficult. But by having someone to walk with us through the process of change and challenge us to approach our problems differently, we can grow, succeed and be happy.
We all need a little help at various points in life..... Everyone has times in life when it is difficult to work through things on your own. Marital/Couple Problems, Separation/Divorce, Blended families, Adolescence Problems, Intimacy Issues, Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Alcohol-Drug Abuse, Parenting Issues, Grief or Bereavement Issues, Stress, Conflict Resolution, Addiction, and many more. Many times, we need someone to help us sort through these changes in our lives. Change is difficult. But by having someone to walk with us through the process of change and challenge us to approach our problems differently, we can grow, succeed and be happy.
(865) 240-2201 View (865) 240-2201
Photo of Alisha L Cobb, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, MHSP
Alisha L Cobb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, MHSP
Serves Area
Special interest in helping people work through difficulties they are facing in order to get to a better place in life. Everyone faces various types of struggles throughout life and it is nice to find someone who can help you navigate through those times. It's very important to me to develop strong, trusting relationships with my clients. This creates a safe environment for issues to be discussed and goals to be set. A solid working relationship helps people feel comfortable in discussing difficult things and situations they are going through which helps to get to the root of a problem & find a true solution.
Special interest in helping people work through difficulties they are facing in order to get to a better place in life. Everyone faces various types of struggles throughout life and it is nice to find someone who can help you navigate through those times. It's very important to me to develop strong, trusting relationships with my clients. This creates a safe environment for issues to be discussed and goals to be set. A solid working relationship helps people feel comfortable in discussing difficult things and situations they are going through which helps to get to the root of a problem & find a true solution.
(865) 737-2133 View (865) 737-2133
Photo of Tommy E Clapp, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Tommy E Clapp
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am here for you. My number one goal is to provide top quality care that is affordable, efficient and helpful. As a Client you can expect to see great customer service, care, quality and confidentiality. I know how to help you and growing up in East Tennessee I know the area in which we live and the hardships and joys that come with that. Give me a call or email and lets work together to find that better you!
I am here for you. My number one goal is to provide top quality care that is affordable, efficient and helpful. As a Client you can expect to see great customer service, care, quality and confidentiality. I know how to help you and growing up in East Tennessee I know the area in which we live and the hardships and joys that come with that. Give me a call or email and lets work together to find that better you!
(865) 375-8411 View (865) 375-8411
Photo of Ricky Varney, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Ricky Varney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
We all have things going on, and it can be hard to know the way forward for every situation we are faced with, especially if we feel alone. I believe that no matter who you are or where you are in life, a way forward often begins with stopping to reflect. Having someone present can help that happen.
We all have things going on, and it can be hard to know the way forward for every situation we are faced with, especially if we feel alone. I believe that no matter who you are or where you are in life, a way forward often begins with stopping to reflect. Having someone present can help that happen.
(865) 375-8524 View (865) 375-8524
Photo of Keri Jean Mantooth, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Keri Jean Mantooth
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I am a TF-CBT certified therapist with a strong background in working with children, teens, adults and families navigating a variety of challenges, including ADHD, depression, adjustment disorders, difficult life transitions and school-related difficulties. I also have meaningful experience supporting young adults and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
I am a TF-CBT certified therapist with a strong background in working with children, teens, adults and families navigating a variety of challenges, including ADHD, depression, adjustment disorders, difficult life transitions and school-related difficulties. I also have meaningful experience supporting young adults and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
(865) 420-2183 View (865) 420-2183
Photo of Caitlain Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Caitlain Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Morristown, TN 37814
Not accepting new clients
Life happens to everyone without discrimination. Depression, anxiety, addiction, thinking errors, and trauma can find their way into our daily lives and take root. I am committed to providing a safe place for individuals who are ready to move toward healing. My therapeutic approach is compassionate, empathetic, and trauma informed. No two journeys are the same and we will work together to set goals that reflect your journey. All the parts of your story matter and deserve to be heard.
Life happens to everyone without discrimination. Depression, anxiety, addiction, thinking errors, and trauma can find their way into our daily lives and take root. I am committed to providing a safe place for individuals who are ready to move toward healing. My therapeutic approach is compassionate, empathetic, and trauma informed. No two journeys are the same and we will work together to set goals that reflect your journey. All the parts of your story matter and deserve to be heard.
(865) 344-6527 View (865) 344-6527
Photo of Jean Ellen Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jean Ellen Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Stepping into therapy is an act of courage. I know how vulnerable it can feel to reach out—that flutter of uncertainty mixed with hope. It’s brave, and it matters. It’s not lost on me what it takes to take that first step. The work we do together isn’t about “fixing” you. You’re not broken. I believe that you already hold deep strength, resilience, and wisdom. Sometimes those qualities get tangled up in fear, shame, or stories we've carried for too long. I will help you rediscover what’s already there and make space for healing. If you feel like this is the right next step for you, I’d be honored to work with you.
Stepping into therapy is an act of courage. I know how vulnerable it can feel to reach out—that flutter of uncertainty mixed with hope. It’s brave, and it matters. It’s not lost on me what it takes to take that first step. The work we do together isn’t about “fixing” you. You’re not broken. I believe that you already hold deep strength, resilience, and wisdom. Sometimes those qualities get tangled up in fear, shame, or stories we've carried for too long. I will help you rediscover what’s already there and make space for healing. If you feel like this is the right next step for you, I’d be honored to work with you.
(423) 800-5969 View (423) 800-5969
Photo of Carol Omos Crawley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, APCC
Carol Omos Crawley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, APCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My focus is working with survivors of narcissistic abuse, first responders, and couples looking to recover from infidelity. I see individuals as well as couples and if appropriate, will alternate seeing a couple together and then separately for individual sessions. I use an integrative approach that combines evidence-based practices with a personalized, holistic perspective. Whether you are struggling with infidelity, trauma, anxiety, depression, or other challenges, I am here to provide a compassionate and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences and develop the skills and tools you need to achieve your goals.
My focus is working with survivors of narcissistic abuse, first responders, and couples looking to recover from infidelity. I see individuals as well as couples and if appropriate, will alternate seeing a couple together and then separately for individual sessions. I use an integrative approach that combines evidence-based practices with a personalized, holistic perspective. Whether you are struggling with infidelity, trauma, anxiety, depression, or other challenges, I am here to provide a compassionate and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences and develop the skills and tools you need to achieve your goals.
(865) 509-9254 View (865) 509-9254
Photo of Elizabeth J. Morgan, Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, MAPCC, PHD-ABD
Elizabeth J. Morgan
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, MAPCC, PHD-ABD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am deeply motivated to support others on their journey of growth and change because I genuinely enjoy walking alongside them as they work toward their life goals and create meaningful shifts in their feelings, behaviors, and thoughts. I take a holistic and humanistic approach to therapy, integrating a variety of evidence-based methods tailored to each individual’s needs. I am trained and certified in several therapeutic modalities, including Client-Centered Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). In addition, I incorporate relaxation techniques
I am deeply motivated to support others on their journey of growth and change because I genuinely enjoy walking alongside them as they work toward their life goals and create meaningful shifts in their feelings, behaviors, and thoughts. I take a holistic and humanistic approach to therapy, integrating a variety of evidence-based methods tailored to each individual’s needs. I am trained and certified in several therapeutic modalities, including Client-Centered Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). In addition, I incorporate relaxation techniques
(615) 235-1693 View (615) 235-1693
Photo of Kristel Headley, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, ACS, RPT-S, BC-TMH
Kristel Headley
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, ACS, RPT-S, BC-TMH
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Some days it feels like you’re just putting one foot in front of the other. You get things done, but maybe it doesn’t feel like it has much meaning anymore. Life can get heavy, and no matter how hard you try, it may seem like you just can’t get on top of it. Worry and panic might hit you out of nowhere, or you might feel that slow pull of depression that makes it hard to keep going. Old hurts or memories may still weigh on you, even when you wish they wouldn’t. Deep down, you may be longing for more peace, more joy, and a chance to live true to yourself.
Some days it feels like you’re just putting one foot in front of the other. You get things done, but maybe it doesn’t feel like it has much meaning anymore. Life can get heavy, and no matter how hard you try, it may seem like you just can’t get on top of it. Worry and panic might hit you out of nowhere, or you might feel that slow pull of depression that makes it hard to keep going. Old hurts or memories may still weigh on you, even when you wish they wouldn’t. Deep down, you may be longing for more peace, more joy, and a chance to live true to yourself.
(865) 674-9527 View (865) 674-9527
Photo of Ariele Phillips, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Ariele Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Welcome to a place where you can feel safe and grow at your own pace. I am here to help you dig deeper into yourself and learn skills that help you achieve the life that you want to live while making sure your mental health is where you want it to be. I specialize in working with individuals navigating life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. Therapy is not a "one size fits all," so I make sure that I get to know you first as an individual. I welcome you to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin.
Welcome to a place where you can feel safe and grow at your own pace. I am here to help you dig deeper into yourself and learn skills that help you achieve the life that you want to live while making sure your mental health is where you want it to be. I specialize in working with individuals navigating life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. Therapy is not a "one size fits all," so I make sure that I get to know you first as an individual. I welcome you to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin.
(615) 375-0262 View (615) 375-0262

See more therapy options for 37814

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37814

20+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 37814 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
88% Depression
88% Coping Skills
80% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Grief
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
90% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 37814 see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37814?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.