Therapists in 37421

Photo of Farah Militello, Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Farah Militello
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Welcome – I'm glad you're here. Whether you're a parent seeking support for your child or pre-teen, or an adult navigating life’s challenges, you've taken a brave first step—and you're not alone.
Welcome – I'm glad you're here. Whether you're a parent seeking support for your child or pre-teen, or an adult navigating life’s challenges, you've taken a brave first step—and you're not alone.
(423) 250-9360 View (423) 250-9360
Photo of Gladson Andrews, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Gladson Andrews
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist who has practiced therapy since 2008. I prefer to counsel from Christian perspective but will adjust to my client's needs. I have significant experience working with trauma, anxiety, and chronic mental illness. I enjoy working with married couples and helping individuals overcome past trauma especially. I am trained to work with individuals, families, or couples on a variety of issues.
I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist who has practiced therapy since 2008. I prefer to counsel from Christian perspective but will adjust to my client's needs. I have significant experience working with trauma, anxiety, and chronic mental illness. I enjoy working with married couples and helping individuals overcome past trauma especially. I am trained to work with individuals, families, or couples on a variety of issues.
(865) 730-0167 View (865) 730-0167
Photo of Tonia L Durand, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tonia L Durand
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I have been a counselor for 35+ years. I specialize in trauma recovery, and anxiety management. Some of the clients in my past include; gifted persons, transitioning adults, sexual/domestic violence survivors, persons harmed by their religious upbringing, self harming individuals, persons who are defining their sexuality and/or gender, and adults/adolescents with ADHD, and neurodivergent populations. I am deeply respectful of the right to determine your own reproductive health needs and have them met safely. If you are exploring your own neurodivergence, I can help you with that. I am autistic, ADHD, gifted, and dyslexic.
I have been a counselor for 35+ years. I specialize in trauma recovery, and anxiety management. Some of the clients in my past include; gifted persons, transitioning adults, sexual/domestic violence survivors, persons harmed by their religious upbringing, self harming individuals, persons who are defining their sexuality and/or gender, and adults/adolescents with ADHD, and neurodivergent populations. I am deeply respectful of the right to determine your own reproductive health needs and have them met safely. If you are exploring your own neurodivergence, I can help you with that. I am autistic, ADHD, gifted, and dyslexic.
(423) 455-9762 View (423) 455-9762
Photo of Sasha Self, Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Sasha Self
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I offer support in facing and gaining mastery over life’s many struggles, including but not limited to the following areas: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and addiction. I also provide encouragement and collaborated direction for those desiring to become the best possible version of themselves.
I offer support in facing and gaining mastery over life’s many struggles, including but not limited to the following areas: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and addiction. I also provide encouragement and collaborated direction for those desiring to become the best possible version of themselves.
(423) 799-2706 View (423) 799-2706
Photo of Tara Murphy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Tara Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
If you are feeling hopeless, out of control, or stuck about what is going on in your life, you have come to the right place. The most common issues clients come to me with are: grief, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, job/school stress, self-esteem issues, divorce care, and midlife "crisis." Also, some people seek therapy because they just feel "blah" and unfulfilled and they don't know why. If any of this rings a bell with you, let's talk! I can help by offering new perspectives, teaching coping skills, and introducing more helpful thinking patterns. Change can be so hard, but you don't have to do it alone.
If you are feeling hopeless, out of control, or stuck about what is going on in your life, you have come to the right place. The most common issues clients come to me with are: grief, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, job/school stress, self-esteem issues, divorce care, and midlife "crisis." Also, some people seek therapy because they just feel "blah" and unfulfilled and they don't know why. If any of this rings a bell with you, let's talk! I can help by offering new perspectives, teaching coping skills, and introducing more helpful thinking patterns. Change can be so hard, but you don't have to do it alone.
(423) 564-4344 View (423) 564-4344
Photo of Robert (Bob) E. Swope, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Robert (Bob) E. Swope
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 28 years of experience working with adults, children, and families. I hold a BS in Psychology and an MEd in Community Counseling from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, with additional graduate coursework completed at Florida State University and the University of Houston.My expertise includes personal and professional experience with parenting, stepfamilies, divorce, adoption, reunification, and the various adjustment challenges families face today.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 28 years of experience working with adults, children, and families. I hold a BS in Psychology and an MEd in Community Counseling from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, with additional graduate coursework completed at Florida State University and the University of Houston.My expertise includes personal and professional experience with parenting, stepfamilies, divorce, adoption, reunification, and the various adjustment challenges families face today.
(423) 250-2087 View (423) 250-2087
Photo of Paul Laskowske, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Paul Laskowske
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I help people who have lost their way get reconnected - to spouse or family, to God, or to their own dreams and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling through issues such as anxiety or conflict that create distance among those they love; individuals pursuing spiritual healing from emotional wounds; and people grappling with cultural identity, transition, and stress, such as missionaries and third-culture kids (TCKs).
I help people who have lost their way get reconnected - to spouse or family, to God, or to their own dreams and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling through issues such as anxiety or conflict that create distance among those they love; individuals pursuing spiritual healing from emotional wounds; and people grappling with cultural identity, transition, and stress, such as missionaries and third-culture kids (TCKs).
(423) 380-0667 x4 View (423) 380-0667 x4
Photo of Lora Thornburg, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Lora Thornburg
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My ideal client is children or teens aged 5-18 years old. As a parent or caregiver, it is a helpless feeling to watch your child navigate school-related stress and social pressures while you're left feeling like you're speaking different languages. I’m here to help bridge that gap.I provide compassionate, developmentally attuned counseling for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in helping young people translate their confusing emotions into confidence, providing them with the tools they need to navigate the complexities of growing up.
My ideal client is children or teens aged 5-18 years old. As a parent or caregiver, it is a helpless feeling to watch your child navigate school-related stress and social pressures while you're left feeling like you're speaking different languages. I’m here to help bridge that gap.I provide compassionate, developmentally attuned counseling for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in helping young people translate their confusing emotions into confidence, providing them with the tools they need to navigate the complexities of growing up.
(423) 657-9303 View (423) 657-9303
Photo of Sarah Varnes, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sarah Varnes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Relationships build the context of our lives. We learn who we are from those around us. This exchange has the power to influence our thoughts and beliefs about ourselves. While relationships have the beautiful ability to build us up, encourage us, and support us, they also have the reverse effect. Have you ever been in a relationship that tore you down, made you question your worth, damaged your self-esteem, or left you wondering why you weren't enough? Have these unhealthy or toxic relationships hindered your ability to seek out and sustain a healthy one? This story doesn't have to be yours forever and you're not alone.
Relationships build the context of our lives. We learn who we are from those around us. This exchange has the power to influence our thoughts and beliefs about ourselves. While relationships have the beautiful ability to build us up, encourage us, and support us, they also have the reverse effect. Have you ever been in a relationship that tore you down, made you question your worth, damaged your self-esteem, or left you wondering why you weren't enough? Have these unhealthy or toxic relationships hindered your ability to seek out and sustain a healthy one? This story doesn't have to be yours forever and you're not alone.
(423) 380-1023 View (423) 380-1023
Photo of Julia Goodowens Westerfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Julia Goodowens Westerfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I am a Baby Boomer. I realize I have probably lived three-quarters of my life, during which I have experienced most of the situations one can experience throughout one's life. I still have a positive outlook on the time I have left, and I want all of my generation to feel that their presence on this earth has made a difference. I have counseled families who promised to "never put Mom in a nursing home". I have counseled those who never thought they would end up there. Retirees, divorcees, widows/widowers, empty nesters, mid-life crises, what's left now?, all are welcome. Latter life situations are my specialty.
I am a Baby Boomer. I realize I have probably lived three-quarters of my life, during which I have experienced most of the situations one can experience throughout one's life. I still have a positive outlook on the time I have left, and I want all of my generation to feel that their presence on this earth has made a difference. I have counseled families who promised to "never put Mom in a nursing home". I have counseled those who never thought they would end up there. Retirees, divorcees, widows/widowers, empty nesters, mid-life crises, what's left now?, all are welcome. Latter life situations are my specialty.
(423) 220-4471 View (423) 220-4471
Photo of Laura Salazar, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Laura Salazar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
You’re constantly questioning yourself as a parent—wondering if these overwhelming feelings are normal, grieving the freedom you once had, and fearing everyone is judging your every move. Even when people say “you’re doing great,” it feels like they have no idea what’s really going on inside. Whether you're recovering from a difficult birth, navigating postpartum anxiety, or dealing with triggers from your own childhood, you don’t have to figure this out alone. I specialize in trauma-informed, EMDR-based therapy for overwhelmed women, new moms, and parents who want to stop cycles and parent with confidence and connection.
You’re constantly questioning yourself as a parent—wondering if these overwhelming feelings are normal, grieving the freedom you once had, and fearing everyone is judging your every move. Even when people say “you’re doing great,” it feels like they have no idea what’s really going on inside. Whether you're recovering from a difficult birth, navigating postpartum anxiety, or dealing with triggers from your own childhood, you don’t have to figure this out alone. I specialize in trauma-informed, EMDR-based therapy for overwhelmed women, new moms, and parents who want to stop cycles and parent with confidence and connection.
(423) 799-2043 View (423) 799-2043
Photo of Valerie Gaglione, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MSc, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Valerie Gaglione
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MSc, LPC, MHSP, NCC
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My specialty is focused on helping individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders by targeting the somatic symptoms, irrational thoughts, and behavioral patterns keeping them from growing into their best versions of themselves. I also specialize in helping women struggling after traumatic experiences, navigating difficult life transitions, and healing after relationship conflicts. You do not need to navigate these difficulties on your own, and I am here to walk alongside you on your healing journey by empowering you to find meaning in your hardships and overcome the challenges that life has thrown in your path.
My specialty is focused on helping individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders by targeting the somatic symptoms, irrational thoughts, and behavioral patterns keeping them from growing into their best versions of themselves. I also specialize in helping women struggling after traumatic experiences, navigating difficult life transitions, and healing after relationship conflicts. You do not need to navigate these difficulties on your own, and I am here to walk alongside you on your healing journey by empowering you to find meaning in your hardships and overcome the challenges that life has thrown in your path.
(423) 358-2325 View (423) 358-2325
Photo of Tanya Lindsey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tanya Lindsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I am dedicated to providing a safe and compassionate space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My approach is client-centered and tailored to your unique needs, whether you're navigating life transitions, working through challenges, or seeking personal growth. Together, we'll collaborate to help you feel empowered, heard, and supported every step of the way.
I am dedicated to providing a safe and compassionate space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My approach is client-centered and tailored to your unique needs, whether you're navigating life transitions, working through challenges, or seeking personal growth. Together, we'll collaborate to help you feel empowered, heard, and supported every step of the way.
(423) 373-7612 View (423) 373-7612
Photo of Ciera Kania, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-IT
Ciera Kania
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-IT
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
As an Army Veteran, I understand the strength it takes to face life’s challenges—and the courage it takes to ask for support. I’m deeply committed to your growth, healing, and success. My approach is built on mutual respect, trust, and genuine care for each person’s unique story. While I welcome anyone seeking support, I have a special passion for working with women, fellow veterans, and young adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about what’s next. Whether you're navigating transitions, managing stress or anxiety, or trying to reconnect with your sense of self, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to do it alone.
As an Army Veteran, I understand the strength it takes to face life’s challenges—and the courage it takes to ask for support. I’m deeply committed to your growth, healing, and success. My approach is built on mutual respect, trust, and genuine care for each person’s unique story. While I welcome anyone seeking support, I have a special passion for working with women, fellow veterans, and young adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about what’s next. Whether you're navigating transitions, managing stress or anxiety, or trying to reconnect with your sense of self, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to do it alone.
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Miguelina Santana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Take the First Step Toward a Healthier Future! Starting therapy is a courageous step, and I’m here to make this journey more manageable for you. Whether you’re facing stress or anxiety or seeking personal growth, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space to explore solutions, provide tools, and develop skills that work for you, always working toward identifying and pursuing your envisioned goals in life. Why Choose Me? • Experienced & Compassionate Care • Cultural Sensitiveness & Global Perspective • Bilingual Therapy (English/Spanish • Commitment to Real, Lasting Change
Take the First Step Toward a Healthier Future! Starting therapy is a courageous step, and I’m here to make this journey more manageable for you. Whether you’re facing stress or anxiety or seeking personal growth, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space to explore solutions, provide tools, and develop skills that work for you, always working toward identifying and pursuing your envisioned goals in life. Why Choose Me? • Experienced & Compassionate Care • Cultural Sensitiveness & Global Perspective • Bilingual Therapy (English/Spanish • Commitment to Real, Lasting Change
(423) 528-9324 View (423) 528-9324
Photo of Melissa Meade, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC/MHS, BC-DMT, NCC
Melissa Meade
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC/MHS, BC-DMT, NCC
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Our world expects so much from people and we are often able to do it all, for a while. Sometimes expectations, both ours and others, smother us and leave us feeling hopeless. We might not be able to move forward in our career, despite excelling in our work. Sometimes we bury emotions, thinking I’ll get to that later, which may result in feeling overwhelmed or feeling nothing at all. Perhaps the demands of career, family, and caring for others leave us feeling exhausted and guilt-ridden. Possibly what has always worked, doesn’t seem to work anymore. Peace may feel out of reach.
Our world expects so much from people and we are often able to do it all, for a while. Sometimes expectations, both ours and others, smother us and leave us feeling hopeless. We might not be able to move forward in our career, despite excelling in our work. Sometimes we bury emotions, thinking I’ll get to that later, which may result in feeling overwhelmed or feeling nothing at all. Perhaps the demands of career, family, and caring for others leave us feeling exhausted and guilt-ridden. Possibly what has always worked, doesn’t seem to work anymore. Peace may feel out of reach.
(423) 458-3533 View (423) 458-3533
Photo of Katie Woodruff, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Katie Woodruff
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I see individual clients aged 18 and up, most commonly struggling with feelings of isolation, difficulty in relationships, depression, anxiety, guilt/shame, negative view of self, difficulty with fluctuating emotions and issues related to trauma (which includes a range of experiences such as early emotional neglect, childhood or adult emotional/physical/sexual abuse, exposure to violence in the community, exposure to systemic racism or sexism, among many others.)
I see individual clients aged 18 and up, most commonly struggling with feelings of isolation, difficulty in relationships, depression, anxiety, guilt/shame, negative view of self, difficulty with fluctuating emotions and issues related to trauma (which includes a range of experiences such as early emotional neglect, childhood or adult emotional/physical/sexual abuse, exposure to violence in the community, exposure to systemic racism or sexism, among many others.)
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Photo of Angela D Gross, Counselor, MAC, LPCMHSP
Angela D Gross
Counselor, MAC, LPCMHSP
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Hello! Choosing the right therapist to meet your individualized needs is a meaningful and important decision. I truly enjoy working with people in all stages of life and feel honored to walk alongside those who are ready for growth, healing , and change. I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you feel heard, understood, and encouraged. I offer guidance and education to help you build healthier coping skills, manage stress more effectively, and develop more balanced and compassionate thinking patterns.
Hello! Choosing the right therapist to meet your individualized needs is a meaningful and important decision. I truly enjoy working with people in all stages of life and feel honored to walk alongside those who are ready for growth, healing , and change. I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you feel heard, understood, and encouraged. I offer guidance and education to help you build healthier coping skills, manage stress more effectively, and develop more balanced and compassionate thinking patterns.
(423) 454-4866 View (423) 454-4866
Photo of Paula O. Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, LCMHC
Paula O. Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, LCMHC
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
For more than a decade, I’ve had the privilege of walking alongside clients as they navigate some of life’s most challenging moments. I’ve supported individuals coping with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, grief, substance use, high-conflict divorce, domestic violence, co-occurring disorders, and other life-altering experiences. It has been meaningful to support clients in building stability, insight, and practical tools as they move toward healthier and more empowered lives.
For more than a decade, I’ve had the privilege of walking alongside clients as they navigate some of life’s most challenging moments. I’ve supported individuals coping with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, grief, substance use, high-conflict divorce, domestic violence, co-occurring disorders, and other life-altering experiences. It has been meaningful to support clients in building stability, insight, and practical tools as they move toward healthier and more empowered lives.
(423) 830-4642 View (423) 830-4642
Photo of Nicole Tomyn, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Nicole Tomyn
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I love working with women and children of all ages and backgrounds. I work with individuals who are enduring trauma and abuse, suffer from chronic illness, or live in a constant state of chaos. I approach counseling through a lens that is shaped by the Bible, personal and observed experiences, and hopes that no one has to feel too far gone. I have worked with children and teens in various scenarios and want them to thrive in their environment. I am also a certified Prepare/Enrich Facilitator and have experience working with couples.
I love working with women and children of all ages and backgrounds. I work with individuals who are enduring trauma and abuse, suffer from chronic illness, or live in a constant state of chaos. I approach counseling through a lens that is shaped by the Bible, personal and observed experiences, and hopes that no one has to feel too far gone. I have worked with children and teens in various scenarios and want them to thrive in their environment. I am also a certified Prepare/Enrich Facilitator and have experience working with couples.
(423) 769-6411 x2 View (423) 769-6411 x2

See more therapy options for 37421

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37421

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 37421 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
96% Social Anxiety
96% Health Anxiety
96% Driving Anxiety
83% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
80% BlueCross and BlueShield
79% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 37421 see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37421?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.