Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Shawn Winton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Shawn Winton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421  (Online Only)
Our lives are made up of relationships or connections with ourselves and others. By examining our past we can provide new roads to the future to improve our lives by caring for ourselves which will improve our relationship with others.
Our lives are made up of relationships or connections with ourselves and others. By examining our past we can provide new roads to the future to improve our lives by caring for ourselves which will improve our relationship with others.
(423) 456-9101 View (423) 456-9101
Photo of Beth Zumwalt Brewer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Beth Zumwalt Brewer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Welcome! I’m so glad you're taking this courageous step in searching for the right therapist for you. What a kindness you’re already doing for yourself. You might have unresolved trauma, are dealing with the aftermath of a life transition, or maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed and held back..like you aren’t able to live life in the connected way you had imagined. If this sounds familiar, I would love to partner with you. With specialized training in trauma treatment (EMDR), I work with folks from all walks of life who are navigating complex trauma, anxiety, life transitions, boundary setting, and relationship issues.
Welcome! I’m so glad you're taking this courageous step in searching for the right therapist for you. What a kindness you’re already doing for yourself. You might have unresolved trauma, are dealing with the aftermath of a life transition, or maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed and held back..like you aren’t able to live life in the connected way you had imagined. If this sounds familiar, I would love to partner with you. With specialized training in trauma treatment (EMDR), I work with folks from all walks of life who are navigating complex trauma, anxiety, life transitions, boundary setting, and relationship issues.
(423) 529-2047 View (423) 529-2047
Photo of Dr. Carolyn E Davidson, Psychologist in Chattanooga, TN
Dr. Carolyn E Davidson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421  (Online Only)
I partner with individuals who are dealing with issues related to mood or emotions, sleep, chronic pain, trauma, or stress. Understanding that: 1. our minds and bodies are inextricably intertwined (shout out to our incredible Nervous System!), and, 2. there is often an overlap between mood, sleep, trauma, chronic pain, or stress... when we work on one area, it also has benefits in other areas! We leverage the power of these interconnections to help you figure out and move in the direction of what's really important to you in your life.
I partner with individuals who are dealing with issues related to mood or emotions, sleep, chronic pain, trauma, or stress. Understanding that: 1. our minds and bodies are inextricably intertwined (shout out to our incredible Nervous System!), and, 2. there is often an overlap between mood, sleep, trauma, chronic pain, or stress... when we work on one area, it also has benefits in other areas! We leverage the power of these interconnections to help you figure out and move in the direction of what's really important to you in your life.
(423) 397-4160 View (423) 397-4160
Photo of Kelli R Holliday, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Kelli R Holliday
Counselor, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Holistic wellness is my goal for all. If you struggle to believe in yourself, have relationship problems, or are in a life transition phase that feels overwhelming, please give me a chance to help. I can support you by helping you find your values and set goals that align with them. My counseling style incorporates mind, body, and spirit for holistic healing because I believe that we need to take care of all of these parts of ourselves to heal truly. Every person has value and worth, allow me to help you realize yours.
Holistic wellness is my goal for all. If you struggle to believe in yourself, have relationship problems, or are in a life transition phase that feels overwhelming, please give me a chance to help. I can support you by helping you find your values and set goals that align with them. My counseling style incorporates mind, body, and spirit for holistic healing because I believe that we need to take care of all of these parts of ourselves to heal truly. Every person has value and worth, allow me to help you realize yours.
(423) 840-8709 View (423) 840-8709
Photo of Lauren Elise Peterson in Chattanooga, TN
Lauren Elise Peterson
MS, BC-DMT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37409  (Online Only)
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies and innate creativity. Adults seeking personal transformation will develop their intuition and enhance their connection to self and others through dance/movement therapy. Whether someone has never danced before or has a movement background, this work can help heal trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also use a great deal of talking, implementing coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate.
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies and innate creativity. Adults seeking personal transformation will develop their intuition and enhance their connection to self and others through dance/movement therapy. Whether someone has never danced before or has a movement background, this work can help heal trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also use a great deal of talking, implementing coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate.
(423) 436-7839 View (423) 436-7839
Photo of Julia B Coffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Julia B Coffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Good therapy helps promote clarity and progress toward change. I believe that therapy can provide the safety needed for self-exploration and for support in times of stress. And I believe that this safety is created through a trusting therapeutic alliance, which I rely heavily on in my practice. As a clinical social worker, I provide psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults who have a broad range of reasons for seeking therapy - these may include anxiety, depression, family conflict, low self-esteem, relationship struggles, parenting concerns, trauma, and loss.
Good therapy helps promote clarity and progress toward change. I believe that therapy can provide the safety needed for self-exploration and for support in times of stress. And I believe that this safety is created through a trusting therapeutic alliance, which I rely heavily on in my practice. As a clinical social worker, I provide psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults who have a broad range of reasons for seeking therapy - these may include anxiety, depression, family conflict, low self-esteem, relationship struggles, parenting concerns, trauma, and loss.
(423) 401-9306 View (423) 401-9306
Photo of Aubrey Perin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Aubrey Perin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, -MHSP, RYT-200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Life is a journey you take toward owning your story. Unfortunately, we often encounter obstacles that distort our perspective and hinder our ability to see ourselves accurately and move toward the things that bring us the most joy and peace. Whether you’ve been derailed by traumatic life events, disordered eating, depression and anxiety, addiction, grief, spiritual abuse, or other life altering transitions, it is my belief that you have the strength and resiliency to find a meaningful life living into the fullest expression of who you are.
Life is a journey you take toward owning your story. Unfortunately, we often encounter obstacles that distort our perspective and hinder our ability to see ourselves accurately and move toward the things that bring us the most joy and peace. Whether you’ve been derailed by traumatic life events, disordered eating, depression and anxiety, addiction, grief, spiritual abuse, or other life altering transitions, it is my belief that you have the strength and resiliency to find a meaningful life living into the fullest expression of who you are.
(423) 214-2173 View (423) 214-2173
Photo of Danielle M McDonough, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Danielle M McDonough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402  (Online Only)
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
(423) 564-4642 View (423) 564-4642
Photo of Caitlin Murray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Caitlin Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I have experience with childhood trauma, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety, as well as other mental health issues. I work with my clients to discover the most helpful way to reach their goals. I ask my clients to do the hard work, and I am with them every step of the way.
I have experience with childhood trauma, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety, as well as other mental health issues. I work with my clients to discover the most helpful way to reach their goals. I ask my clients to do the hard work, and I am with them every step of the way.
(423) 690-7037 x1 View (423) 690-7037 x1
Photo of Emu Aragon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Emu Aragon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Clients I see are typically wrestling with experiences that have impacted the way they view themselves, relationships, and the world. The impact of these experiences often takes the form of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship conflict, and more. My role is to help you navigate your road to healing in a way that honors your unique set of values, beliefs, and cultural identity. I strive to take the time to get to know you in a way that makes you feel seen, heard, and understood.
Clients I see are typically wrestling with experiences that have impacted the way they view themselves, relationships, and the world. The impact of these experiences often takes the form of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship conflict, and more. My role is to help you navigate your road to healing in a way that honors your unique set of values, beliefs, and cultural identity. I strive to take the time to get to know you in a way that makes you feel seen, heard, and understood.
(423) 592-8163 View (423) 592-8163
Photo of Holly Meredith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Holly Meredith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37419
I utilize an eclectic approach to counseling, drawing from a range of theories and techniques to effectively address the diverse needs of my clients. I create a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to process various challenges and recognize the unique needs of each person. By tailoring my counseling techniques to meet their specific circumstances, I guide my clients toward healing, growth, and improved well-being with empathy and care.
I utilize an eclectic approach to counseling, drawing from a range of theories and techniques to effectively address the diverse needs of my clients. I create a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to process various challenges and recognize the unique needs of each person. By tailoring my counseling techniques to meet their specific circumstances, I guide my clients toward healing, growth, and improved well-being with empathy and care.
(423) 451-8576 View (423) 451-8576
Photo of Laura Elizabeth Cartwright, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Laura Elizabeth Cartwright
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, I hear you. If you want to make changes to live a happier and healthier life, I can help you do that! I don't tell people what I think they should do; I work collaboratively with folks to make small changes that add up so you can reach your goals, feel proud of yourself, and add to your coping skill toolbox. I am a licensed professional counselor with 10 years of experience working with a wide variety of clients and concerns, primarily in an acute care hospital setting. I'm not intimidated by mood swings, intrusive thoughts, anger, or substance use. You won't be "too much" for me.
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, I hear you. If you want to make changes to live a happier and healthier life, I can help you do that! I don't tell people what I think they should do; I work collaboratively with folks to make small changes that add up so you can reach your goals, feel proud of yourself, and add to your coping skill toolbox. I am a licensed professional counselor with 10 years of experience working with a wide variety of clients and concerns, primarily in an acute care hospital setting. I'm not intimidated by mood swings, intrusive thoughts, anger, or substance use. You won't be "too much" for me.
(423) 212-8374 View (423) 212-8374
Photo of Amy Achata Lpc-Mhsp (Provisional), Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Amy Achata Lpc-Mhsp (Provisional)
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403
I believe meaningful connection changes people — this is what the therapeutic process is about. I am passionate about encouraging growth and restoration for those questioning their purpose or identity and searching for meaning. I works with those facing grief and loss, generational trauma, racial identity, emotional neglect, parenting questions, religious trauma, anxiety, attachment, mid-life evaluation, personal identity development and more.
I believe meaningful connection changes people — this is what the therapeutic process is about. I am passionate about encouraging growth and restoration for those questioning their purpose or identity and searching for meaning. I works with those facing grief and loss, generational trauma, racial identity, emotional neglect, parenting questions, religious trauma, anxiety, attachment, mid-life evaluation, personal identity development and more.
(423) 456-9443 View (423) 456-9443
Photo of Greg Seymour, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Greg Seymour
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
(423) 328-8649 View (423) 328-8649
Photo of Amy Fowler, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Amy Fowler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403
If you feel weighed down by overwhelming emotions and life events, an empathetic ear can be a source of healing. I am passionate about working toward hope with those who feel stuck, broken, isolated, or for whom change seems impossible. I advocate for and teach clients the power of fierce self-compassion, which allows them to explore their thoughts, emotions, and actions more clearly. I work with adolescents, adults, and couples navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, chronic health issues, marital and parental challenges, spiritual wounds, disordered eating, and addictions.
If you feel weighed down by overwhelming emotions and life events, an empathetic ear can be a source of healing. I am passionate about working toward hope with those who feel stuck, broken, isolated, or for whom change seems impossible. I advocate for and teach clients the power of fierce self-compassion, which allows them to explore their thoughts, emotions, and actions more clearly. I work with adolescents, adults, and couples navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, chronic health issues, marital and parental challenges, spiritual wounds, disordered eating, and addictions.
(423) 454-3268 View (423) 454-3268
Photo of Rachel Flint, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Rachel Flint
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I have a passion for working with individuals and couples. I enjoy helping those navigating life transitions. Many of our core beliefs are influenced by the context in which we grew up; religion, family, friends, culture, and significant life events all impact us. Unpacking some of these contexts can help you gain a clearer perspective of who you are and foster deeper growth and understanding. The outside world doesn’t always provide a safe environment for us to show the most vulnerable parts of who we are. Sometimes we need someone to sit with us when life feels messy and complicated.
I have a passion for working with individuals and couples. I enjoy helping those navigating life transitions. Many of our core beliefs are influenced by the context in which we grew up; religion, family, friends, culture, and significant life events all impact us. Unpacking some of these contexts can help you gain a clearer perspective of who you are and foster deeper growth and understanding. The outside world doesn’t always provide a safe environment for us to show the most vulnerable parts of who we are. Sometimes we need someone to sit with us when life feels messy and complicated.
(423) 537-8969 View (423) 537-8969
Photo of A. G. Estes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chattanooga, TN
A. G. Estes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, TLMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Day-to-day life can be exhausting. Maybe you were laying your child down for bed, and they said something that scared you or maybe your family is going through transitions, and you're worried about how they are responding to it. Through the therapeutic relationship, I join alongside children (ages 3-12), families, and individuals to provide an empathic, welcoming place where fears and hopelessness can be replaced with coping skills and a greater understanding of oneself. I work with children experiencing big emotions, behavioral/school difficulties, anxiety, self-esteem, and low social engagement.
Day-to-day life can be exhausting. Maybe you were laying your child down for bed, and they said something that scared you or maybe your family is going through transitions, and you're worried about how they are responding to it. Through the therapeutic relationship, I join alongside children (ages 3-12), families, and individuals to provide an empathic, welcoming place where fears and hopelessness can be replaced with coping skills and a greater understanding of oneself. I work with children experiencing big emotions, behavioral/school difficulties, anxiety, self-esteem, and low social engagement.
(423) 430-6307 View (423) 430-6307
Photo of Elizabeth Parker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Elizabeth Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37419
Life is hard. Maybe you're in a difficult season right now or maybe it feels more like it's been a difficult few years. Maybe you're carrying pain from an abusive childhood, traumatic experience, or gut-wrenching loss. Maybe your relationship status changed. Maybe life doesn't look like what you thought it would by now. Maybe you're not even sure what exactly you're hoping to find, but you don't think life is supposed to feel this way. For whatever reason you find yourself on my page today, it would be an honor to listen and hold a safe space for your hard things. Life will be hard, but seasons change. Hope and healing is possible.
Life is hard. Maybe you're in a difficult season right now or maybe it feels more like it's been a difficult few years. Maybe you're carrying pain from an abusive childhood, traumatic experience, or gut-wrenching loss. Maybe your relationship status changed. Maybe life doesn't look like what you thought it would by now. Maybe you're not even sure what exactly you're hoping to find, but you don't think life is supposed to feel this way. For whatever reason you find yourself on my page today, it would be an honor to listen and hold a safe space for your hard things. Life will be hard, but seasons change. Hope and healing is possible.
(423) 376-9658 View (423) 376-9658
Photo of Andi Fisher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Andi Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MACC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I approach counseling with the understanding that all individuals have a unique story that is deserving of a safe space to process and heal. I believe that the counseling room can be a place that encourages hope and helps individuals enter into a healthier, deeper, and richer understanding of both themselves and others. Although I have a degree in Christian counseling, my practice welcomes individuals of all worldviews to engage with their stories in a way that invites restoration and healing. In addition to my time at Gordon-Conwell, I have been trained in EMDR, DBT Skills Training, and am a Certified First Responder Associate.
I approach counseling with the understanding that all individuals have a unique story that is deserving of a safe space to process and heal. I believe that the counseling room can be a place that encourages hope and helps individuals enter into a healthier, deeper, and richer understanding of both themselves and others. Although I have a degree in Christian counseling, my practice welcomes individuals of all worldviews to engage with their stories in a way that invites restoration and healing. In addition to my time at Gordon-Conwell, I have been trained in EMDR, DBT Skills Training, and am a Certified First Responder Associate.
(423) 592-5608 View (423) 592-5608
Photo of Audra Tate-Kennedy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Audra Tate-Kennedy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe in the importance of treating the whole person: body, mind, spirit. My approach is empowering you to make your own decisions, to help you set your own goals and to walk with you on your journey to health.
I believe in the importance of treating the whole person: body, mind, spirit. My approach is empowering you to make your own decisions, to help you set your own goals and to walk with you on your journey to health.
(423) 799-2763 View (423) 799-2763

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
71% Aetna
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.