Therapists in 37411

Photo of Joylene Kara Green, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Joylene Kara Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience. Passionate about helping people grow and change, I use a caring and empathic relationship combined with scientifically researched approaches validated to help clients reach their goals. My main specialities include working with survivors of abuse, individuals and families dealing with addictions, relationship difficulties, adult children of dysfunctional families, depression, and anxiety. I also enjoy working with couples. I use an integrated approach focusing on family systems, internal family systems, the Gottman method, and attachment theory.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience. Passionate about helping people grow and change, I use a caring and empathic relationship combined with scientifically researched approaches validated to help clients reach their goals. My main specialities include working with survivors of abuse, individuals and families dealing with addictions, relationship difficulties, adult children of dysfunctional families, depression, and anxiety. I also enjoy working with couples. I use an integrated approach focusing on family systems, internal family systems, the Gottman method, and attachment theory.
(706) 963-1002 View (706) 963-1002
Photo of Laura Elizabeth Cartwright, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Laura Elizabeth Cartwright
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, I hear you. If you want to make changes to live a happier and healthier life, I can help you do that! I don't tell people what I think they should do; I work collaboratively with folks to make small changes that add up so you can reach your goals, feel proud of yourself, and add to your coping skill toolbox. I am a licensed professional counselor with 10 years of experience working with a wide variety of clients and concerns, primarily in an acute care hospital setting. I'm not intimidated by mood swings, intrusive thoughts, anger, or substance use. You won't be "too much" for me.
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, I hear you. If you want to make changes to live a happier and healthier life, I can help you do that! I don't tell people what I think they should do; I work collaboratively with folks to make small changes that add up so you can reach your goals, feel proud of yourself, and add to your coping skill toolbox. I am a licensed professional counselor with 10 years of experience working with a wide variety of clients and concerns, primarily in an acute care hospital setting. I'm not intimidated by mood swings, intrusive thoughts, anger, or substance use. You won't be "too much" for me.
(423) 212-8374 View (423) 212-8374
Photo of Erin Swem, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Erin Swem
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Chattanooga, TN 37411
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
(423) 556-4938 View (423) 556-4938
Photo of Kim Bobenhausen, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kim Bobenhausen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Our life journey is a story meant to be shared. Whether you're navigating pain or celebrating joy, we all need spaces where our experiences are heard and honored—where the moments that shape us are met with compassion. As Maya Angelou wrote, “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you.” I believe in the healing power of storytelling, especially when shared in a space of safety and trust.
Our life journey is a story meant to be shared. Whether you're navigating pain or celebrating joy, we all need spaces where our experiences are heard and honored—where the moments that shape us are met with compassion. As Maya Angelou wrote, “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you.” I believe in the healing power of storytelling, especially when shared in a space of safety and trust.
(423) 561-3373 View (423) 561-3373
Photo of Lacy Elsmore - Elu: Counseling, Consulting, Coaching, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Elu: Counseling, Consulting, Coaching
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker with a focus on helping individuals navigate spirituality, church hurt, grief, forgiveness, codependence, and boundaries. I am especially passionate about supporting women on their healing journeys, creating space for growth, clarity, and restoration. My work centers on helping people rediscover their purpose, strengthen their sense of self, and refine meaningful life goals.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker with a focus on helping individuals navigate spirituality, church hurt, grief, forgiveness, codependence, and boundaries. I am especially passionate about supporting women on their healing journeys, creating space for growth, clarity, and restoration. My work centers on helping people rediscover their purpose, strengthen their sense of self, and refine meaningful life goals.
(423) 445-7516 x111 View (423) 445-7516 x111
Photo of Dr. Liane Videres de Souza, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, MHSP , NCC
Dr. Liane Videres de Souza
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, MHSP , NCC
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Life Coaching. I help burned-out tech executives who can't afford to take a mental health day but desperately need one.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Life Coaching. I help burned-out tech executives who can't afford to take a mental health day but desperately need one.
(423) 830-4275 View (423) 830-4275
Photo of Pennie Leggett, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Pennie Leggett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with 20 years of experience. I am devoted to living this precious life well and to support others to do the same. The focus of my practice is to help others identify the habits and patterns operating in their lives that are not working in their best interests, then support them to find freedom from them, so that they are no longer haunted by the past or paralyzed by fears of the future, but rather are then free to pursue their hopes and dreams. Together we can allow the sirens of our symptoms to guide us toward health and wellbeing.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with 20 years of experience. I am devoted to living this precious life well and to support others to do the same. The focus of my practice is to help others identify the habits and patterns operating in their lives that are not working in their best interests, then support them to find freedom from them, so that they are no longer haunted by the past or paralyzed by fears of the future, but rather are then free to pursue their hopes and dreams. Together we can allow the sirens of our symptoms to guide us toward health and wellbeing.
(423) 799-3576 View (423) 799-3576
Photo of Adam Hudson, MEd, MA
Adam Hudson
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
If you're suffering from an addictive behavior you can't stop - weed, alcohol, porn, gambling, drugs, workaholic, codependency - AND, you know you're ready to be free... I can show you how to get your first 30 days and overcome your addiction. You will receive expert 1on1 therapy and coaching from someone who has both expertise (certified + 3 master's degrees) AND experience (14+ years of sobriety). Book a free 15 minute session with me today. Proven program, individually tailored coaching and accountability designed around your unique experience.
If you're suffering from an addictive behavior you can't stop - weed, alcohol, porn, gambling, drugs, workaholic, codependency - AND, you know you're ready to be free... I can show you how to get your first 30 days and overcome your addiction. You will receive expert 1on1 therapy and coaching from someone who has both expertise (certified + 3 master's degrees) AND experience (14+ years of sobriety). Book a free 15 minute session with me today. Proven program, individually tailored coaching and accountability designed around your unique experience.
(423) 407-2560 View (423) 407-2560
Photo of Lindsey Pemberton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lindsey Pemberton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Have you ever felt like you were alone with no one you could trust to help you make sense of your inner world? Do you ever feel so overwhelmed or numb by your emotions that you lack the desire or motivation to move forward leaving you stuck in the same self-defeating patterns? I'm a therapist who believes meaningful change starts with feeling truly seen and heard. Many clients come to me with anxiety, depression, addiction, or stress related to relationship issues or life transitions. As a follower of Christ, I accept and welcome clients of all beliefs because I believe everyone has the capacity for change, healing, and growth.
Have you ever felt like you were alone with no one you could trust to help you make sense of your inner world? Do you ever feel so overwhelmed or numb by your emotions that you lack the desire or motivation to move forward leaving you stuck in the same self-defeating patterns? I'm a therapist who believes meaningful change starts with feeling truly seen and heard. Many clients come to me with anxiety, depression, addiction, or stress related to relationship issues or life transitions. As a follower of Christ, I accept and welcome clients of all beliefs because I believe everyone has the capacity for change, healing, and growth.
(423) 690-7628 View (423) 690-7628
Photo of Kathryn Tackett, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Kathryn Tackett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you ever feel pressure to do more, achieve more, or look a certain way? You are not alone. These pressures can contribute to stress, burnout, low self-esteem, body image concerns, emotional eating, and a difficult relationship with food or your body. I work with women who want support healing their relationship with food and body image while building self-confidence and learning to care for themselves in a more compassionate, balanced way.
Do you ever feel pressure to do more, achieve more, or look a certain way? You are not alone. These pressures can contribute to stress, burnout, low self-esteem, body image concerns, emotional eating, and a difficult relationship with food or your body. I work with women who want support healing their relationship with food and body image while building self-confidence and learning to care for themselves in a more compassionate, balanced way.
(423) 529-5133 View (423) 529-5133
Photo of Tiffany Eldorado, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Tiffany Eldorado
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Chattanooga, TN 37411
If you are navigating heavy emotions or cycles that no longer serve you, I am here to help. My approach fosters a safe environment where you can build self-worth, develop practical skills, and foster holistic growth. You don't have to stay stuck. We will work together to build on your strengths and create sustainable change, giving you the tools you need to truly thrive.
If you are navigating heavy emotions or cycles that no longer serve you, I am here to help. My approach fosters a safe environment where you can build self-worth, develop practical skills, and foster holistic growth. You don't have to stay stuck. We will work together to build on your strengths and create sustainable change, giving you the tools you need to truly thrive.
(423) 436-8046 View (423) 436-8046
Photo of Erin Swem - Whole Self Collaborative, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Whole Self Collaborative
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Our mission is to increase accessibility to quality mental health and wellness services to the LGBTQ+ population. Maybe you just realized that you are gay or trans and you don’t know what to do next. Maybe you’re one of the many LGBTQ+ persons who have faced abuse, depression, anxiety, or other mental health struggles and are simply trying to exist. Maybe you're in a polyamorous/ENM relationship struggling with communication hangups, parenting, mismatched sexual desire or infidelity. Or maybe you spent your whole life shaming yourself for being "lazy," or "irresponsible," but you just can't seem to make your brain work with you.
Our mission is to increase accessibility to quality mental health and wellness services to the LGBTQ+ population. Maybe you just realized that you are gay or trans and you don’t know what to do next. Maybe you’re one of the many LGBTQ+ persons who have faced abuse, depression, anxiety, or other mental health struggles and are simply trying to exist. Maybe you're in a polyamorous/ENM relationship struggling with communication hangups, parenting, mismatched sexual desire or infidelity. Or maybe you spent your whole life shaming yourself for being "lazy," or "irresponsible," but you just can't seem to make your brain work with you.
(423) 285-6511 View (423) 285-6511
Photo of Dr. Ashley Salter, Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Dr. Ashley Salter
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I offer comprehensive Psychological Evaluation Services for children and adults. Diagnosis and defining the problem accurately are the first steps to effective intervention and why assessment is so important to your treatment journey. A comprehensive evaluation and an evidence-based intervention plan can increase understanding of your mental health and learning difficulties as well as provide the proper direction and accommodations needed to succeed not only in treatment, but in academics, work, and everyday life.
I offer comprehensive Psychological Evaluation Services for children and adults. Diagnosis and defining the problem accurately are the first steps to effective intervention and why assessment is so important to your treatment journey. A comprehensive evaluation and an evidence-based intervention plan can increase understanding of your mental health and learning difficulties as well as provide the proper direction and accommodations needed to succeed not only in treatment, but in academics, work, and everyday life.
(423) 481-9239 View (423) 481-9239
Photo of Mandy L Boerema, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Mandy L Boerema
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
An area that I specialize in is working with children of divorced/estranged parents and families, providing both clinical treatment and expert advocacy. I recognize that healing often requires more than just weekly sessions; it requires an objective, passionate, professional voice to speak on behalf of a child’s well-being within the legal system. I actively provide court services to ensure that my young clients’ emotional needs, and their voices, are accurately represented and protected. I am trained in forensic mental health and am working toward a board certification in that field of expertise.
An area that I specialize in is working with children of divorced/estranged parents and families, providing both clinical treatment and expert advocacy. I recognize that healing often requires more than just weekly sessions; it requires an objective, passionate, professional voice to speak on behalf of a child’s well-being within the legal system. I actively provide court services to ensure that my young clients’ emotional needs, and their voices, are accurately represented and protected. I am trained in forensic mental health and am working toward a board certification in that field of expertise.
(423) 556-3486 View (423) 556-3486
Photo of Peter Wadkin Coleman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CP-ATP
Peter Wadkin Coleman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CP-ATP
Chattanooga, TN 37411
"We do not see things as they are, we see them as we are." -Anais Nin per Talmudic origin. We must create things twice; once in our minds, and once articulated. When we think our thoughts, it lights up one part of the brain, and when we speak our thoughts, it lights up a different part of the brain. There is often something very different when we articulate our thoughts, and they change in some way. Talking out these experiences in a narrative way assists us in making sense of how we feel about those experiences.
"We do not see things as they are, we see them as we are." -Anais Nin per Talmudic origin. We must create things twice; once in our minds, and once articulated. When we think our thoughts, it lights up one part of the brain, and when we speak our thoughts, it lights up a different part of the brain. There is often something very different when we articulate our thoughts, and they change in some way. Talking out these experiences in a narrative way assists us in making sense of how we feel about those experiences.
(423) 436-7631 View (423) 436-7631
Photo of Nathan Sharp - Imprint Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Imprint Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Regardless of how painful, isolated, or destructive our actions are, when we discover enough pieces of the puzzle, people make sense. In this life, we experience pain and frustration. Questions and feelings around ourselves and our relationships point us to deeper questions about suffering, purpose, or meaning. To avoid these, we do any number of things - we build coping skills that become addictions and compulsions and break down our relationship with ourselves and others.
Regardless of how painful, isolated, or destructive our actions are, when we discover enough pieces of the puzzle, people make sense. In this life, we experience pain and frustration. Questions and feelings around ourselves and our relationships point us to deeper questions about suffering, purpose, or meaning. To avoid these, we do any number of things - we build coping skills that become addictions and compulsions and break down our relationship with ourselves and others.
(423) 546-0544 View (423) 546-0544
Photo of Arianne Brigner - Chattanooga DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Chattanooga DBT
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Do you experience strong emotions that sometimes overwhelm you? As a result, you do things to cope that you later regret. In the moment, you don’t know what else to do. You’ve tried to get help. Nothing seems to work. “Talk therapy” doesn’t cut it. Medications don’t do the trick. Self-help books are garbage. At this point, you’d do anything to have a different life. To be different. To feel different. Well. You’ve finally come to the right place. We work with people just like you. In fact, we LOVE working with people just like you. It’s our passion. We help you create a life you can love.
Do you experience strong emotions that sometimes overwhelm you? As a result, you do things to cope that you later regret. In the moment, you don’t know what else to do. You’ve tried to get help. Nothing seems to work. “Talk therapy” doesn’t cut it. Medications don’t do the trick. Self-help books are garbage. At this point, you’d do anything to have a different life. To be different. To feel different. Well. You’ve finally come to the right place. We work with people just like you. In fact, we LOVE working with people just like you. It’s our passion. We help you create a life you can love.
(423) 402-8649 View (423) 402-8649
Photo of Lauren Elise Jones, MS, BC-DMT, RYT-200
Lauren Elise Jones
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies, creativity, boundaries, and purpose. If you're burned out, overstimulated, and stuck, you can benefit from a dance/movement therapist. Even if someone has never danced before, this work can help heal trauma responses, body image struggles, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also may stay seated and incorporate somatic (body-based) work. We also use talking, coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate. As a late diagnosed AuDHD person, I can share new psychoeducation on ADHD and Autism.
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies, creativity, boundaries, and purpose. If you're burned out, overstimulated, and stuck, you can benefit from a dance/movement therapist. Even if someone has never danced before, this work can help heal trauma responses, body image struggles, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also may stay seated and incorporate somatic (body-based) work. We also use talking, coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate. As a late diagnosed AuDHD person, I can share new psychoeducation on ADHD and Autism.
(423) 436-7839 View (423) 436-7839
Photo of Emily Brown, Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Emily Brown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
As a therapist and current school counselor, I have extensive experience supporting children and adolescents through a wide range of challenges. Working in schools has given me firsthand insight into the academic, social, emotional, and family stressors that young people face every day. I understand how overwhelming it can feel to navigate friendships, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, behavioral challenges, family changes, and the pressures that come with growing up. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where children and teens feel genuinely heard, understood, and valued.
As a therapist and current school counselor, I have extensive experience supporting children and adolescents through a wide range of challenges. Working in schools has given me firsthand insight into the academic, social, emotional, and family stressors that young people face every day. I understand how overwhelming it can feel to navigate friendships, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, behavioral challenges, family changes, and the pressures that come with growing up. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where children and teens feel genuinely heard, understood, and valued.
(423) 770-8926 x105 View (423) 770-8926 x105
Photo of Cressie Allen, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Cressie Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Hi, I’m Cressie! I offer counseling services in TN and AL for teens and adults navigating post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and complex family or relational challenges. I enjoy working with individuals who are curious about the patterns that influence their relationships and emotions. We’ll explore how past experiences may continue to shape the present and work toward developing new responses with greater flexibility.
Hi, I’m Cressie! I offer counseling services in TN and AL for teens and adults navigating post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and complex family or relational challenges. I enjoy working with individuals who are curious about the patterns that influence their relationships and emotions. We’ll explore how past experiences may continue to shape the present and work toward developing new responses with greater flexibility.
(423) 401-6778 View (423) 401-6778

See more therapy options for 37411

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37411

70+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 37411 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Social Anxiety
91% Health Anxiety
91% Driving Anxiety
78% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
78% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
81% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 37411 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37411?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.