Photo of Carmen A Reyes, MSW, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carmen A Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
So many people struggle with overwhelming emotions. When these situations happen, the volume of feelings is increased. At that time, managing distress without losing control or acting out is crucial. I provide therapy to individuals, couples, families, and groups using evidence-based and culturally responsive approaches. I also offer online Telehealth services on several platforms that connect clients with certified and licensed therapists. I have bilingual proficiency in English and Spanish. Psychotherapy refers to various treatments that aim to help the person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
So many people struggle with overwhelming emotions. When these situations happen, the volume of feelings is increased. At that time, managing distress without losing control or acting out is crucial. I provide therapy to individuals, couples, families, and groups using evidence-based and culturally responsive approaches. I also offer online Telehealth services on several platforms that connect clients with certified and licensed therapists. I have bilingual proficiency in English and Spanish. Psychotherapy refers to various treatments that aim to help the person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
(352) 646-3105 View (352) 646-3105
Photo of Charlie Fisette, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charlie Fisette
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
Through my 14 years of customer service work I developed an ability to connect and reduce tension in many situations. I didn't realize I was training for being a therapist. My formal engagement as a therapist began in 2019 but I have been providing guidance to those around me for most of my life. The Navy brought the world closer for me and I see my current world through clearer vision. So if you are looking for a better way to find your best version of yourself? Look within. Clients who are seeking the guidance offered from the perspective of someone that has a vast amount of personal interaction with people from all walks of life.
Through my 14 years of customer service work I developed an ability to connect and reduce tension in many situations. I didn't realize I was training for being a therapist. My formal engagement as a therapist began in 2019 but I have been providing guidance to those around me for most of my life. The Navy brought the world closer for me and I see my current world through clearer vision. So if you are looking for a better way to find your best version of yourself? Look within. Clients who are seeking the guidance offered from the perspective of someone that has a vast amount of personal interaction with people from all walks of life.
(352) 605-0632 View (352) 605-0632
Photo of Michelle Kipp - Serenity Counseling, LMHC, MA
Serenity Counseling
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
Getting therapy does not mean that hardships are automatically alleviated. It takes strength, hard work, and teaming together to discover the path toward inner growth and positive change. The best part, is that simply by doing research in contacting a counselor, you are accomplishing the first and perhaps most difficult step. Let me assist you in your journey towards a healthier, happier, and more serene you.
Getting therapy does not mean that hardships are automatically alleviated. It takes strength, hard work, and teaming together to discover the path toward inner growth and positive change. The best part, is that simply by doing research in contacting a counselor, you are accomplishing the first and perhaps most difficult step. Let me assist you in your journey towards a healthier, happier, and more serene you.
(321) 450-3894 View (321) 450-3894
Photo of Charlie W Fisette, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charlie W Fisette
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
For myself the ideal client would be at a place in their life that they have decided "this isn't working and I want something different". This would include their personal or professional life and they are willing to examine where they are and look for a new way to get where they want to go. Clients who are seeking the guidance offered from the perspective of someone that has a vast amount of personal interaction with people from all walks of life.
For myself the ideal client would be at a place in their life that they have decided "this isn't working and I want something different". This would include their personal or professional life and they are willing to examine where they are and look for a new way to get where they want to go. Clients who are seeking the guidance offered from the perspective of someone that has a vast amount of personal interaction with people from all walks of life.
(352) 822-3507 View (352) 822-3507
Photo of Sarah Sandberg, LMHC, Counselor
Sarah Sandberg
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
If you're struggling with overwhelming emotions, stress, nervousness, hopelessness, difficulty accomplishing daily tasks, managing conflicts or coping with tough situations, I'm here to help. Sometimes it can be hard to pinpoint why we feel the way we do, and having a safe, nonjudgmental, compassionate person to talk it through with can make all the difference. When you're ready to leave the stress and discomfort behind, I'm ready to help you.
If you're struggling with overwhelming emotions, stress, nervousness, hopelessness, difficulty accomplishing daily tasks, managing conflicts or coping with tough situations, I'm here to help. Sometimes it can be hard to pinpoint why we feel the way we do, and having a safe, nonjudgmental, compassionate person to talk it through with can make all the difference. When you're ready to leave the stress and discomfort behind, I'm ready to help you.
(407) 204-1940 View (407) 204-1940
Photo of Debi Shipton, LMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debi Shipton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Debi Shipton is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2000. She has a Master's Degree from Indiana University. Debi believes in helping people to help themselves. It's not about what happens to you, rather how you react to what happens to you. Counseling can be a helpful tool in life "? to explore emotions, expectations, disappointments, relationships, situations, stressors, and many more topics. Debi is a good listener and cares about helping clients to discover new coping skills to manage emotional health and everyday challenges.
Debi Shipton is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2000. She has a Master's Degree from Indiana University. Debi believes in helping people to help themselves. It's not about what happens to you, rather how you react to what happens to you. Counseling can be a helpful tool in life "? to explore emotions, expectations, disappointments, relationships, situations, stressors, and many more topics. Debi is a good listener and cares about helping clients to discover new coping skills to manage emotional health and everyday challenges.
(321) 677-5764 View (321) 677-5764
Photo of Melissa Bowling, LMHC, Counselor
Melissa Bowling
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Melissa Bowling is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2013. She obtained her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from the University of Central Florida and her Master's Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Capella University. Melissa is extremely patient, compassionate, and understanding. Clients generally feel very comfortable with Melissa because of her calm demeanor and acceptance.
Melissa Bowling is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2013. She obtained her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from the University of Central Florida and her Master's Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Capella University. Melissa is extremely patient, compassionate, and understanding. Clients generally feel very comfortable with Melissa because of her calm demeanor and acceptance.
(321) 398-4789 View (321) 398-4789
Photo of LaToya Boyd, LMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaToya Boyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
LaToya Boyd, LMHC LaToya Boyd is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2005. She received her undergraduate degree from Florida State University and her graduate degree from the University of South Florida. LaToya has a passion for helping clients and families learn alternative ways of dealing with life issues and transitions. Outside of work, LaToya enjoys reading, traveling, and spending time with her family.
LaToya Boyd, LMHC LaToya Boyd is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2005. She received her undergraduate degree from Florida State University and her graduate degree from the University of South Florida. LaToya has a passion for helping clients and families learn alternative ways of dealing with life issues and transitions. Outside of work, LaToya enjoys reading, traveling, and spending time with her family.
(321) 342-1596 View (321) 342-1596
Photo of Jenny Stabler, LMHC, Counselor
Jenny Stabler
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Jenny Stabler is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Play Therapist who works with clients ages six and up. She received a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Rollins College. Among her professional experiences, she has provided mental health services within the school setting to children and families. Working with children, adolescents and adults, Jenny also provides support with anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, grief and loss, depression, parenting strategies and life changes.
Jenny Stabler is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Play Therapist who works with clients ages six and up. She received a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Rollins College. Among her professional experiences, she has provided mental health services within the school setting to children and families. Working with children, adolescents and adults, Jenny also provides support with anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, grief and loss, depression, parenting strategies and life changes.
(321) 878-8057 View (321) 878-8057
Photo of Janet Chila, LMHC, Counselor
Janet Chila
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Janet Patricia Chila is a licensed mental health counselor that has been providing mental services for the last twenty years. Ms. Chila is a change agent that helps children, adolescents and families. She specializes in implementing behavior modification interventions with children and their families, conflict resolutions, mind-body resolutions, and mental disorders in general. In addition, she utilizes a cross culture and client-center approach that is tailored to meet the Client's needs and expectations. Ms. Chila believes that life challenges are there for a reason and is up to us to discover the meaning or lesson to be learned.
Janet Patricia Chila is a licensed mental health counselor that has been providing mental services for the last twenty years. Ms. Chila is a change agent that helps children, adolescents and families. She specializes in implementing behavior modification interventions with children and their families, conflict resolutions, mind-body resolutions, and mental disorders in general. In addition, she utilizes a cross culture and client-center approach that is tailored to meet the Client's needs and expectations. Ms. Chila believes that life challenges are there for a reason and is up to us to discover the meaning or lesson to be learned.
(321) 578-3773 View (321) 578-3773
Photo of Cherrie Lindsey, LMHC, Counselor
Cherrie Lindsey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Cherrie Lindsey is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2017. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Christian Ministries from Valley Forge Christian College and a Master’s degree in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. Cherrie brings to the table a lifetime of experiences: family military legacy, career guidance, divorce, codependency, forgiveness, addictions and deep intimate grief recovery. These in total create the unique ability to empathize with clients on a real level.
Cherrie Lindsey is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2017. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Christian Ministries from Valley Forge Christian College and a Master’s degree in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. Cherrie brings to the table a lifetime of experiences: family military legacy, career guidance, divorce, codependency, forgiveness, addictions and deep intimate grief recovery. These in total create the unique ability to empathize with clients on a real level.
(321) 587-0823 View (321) 587-0823
Photo of Linda D. McKayle, MS, PsyD, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Linda D. McKayle
Counselor, MS, PsyD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Dr Linda McKayle graduated from St. Thomas University, Miami Florida with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, and a Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling. Dr. McKayle later pursue her Doctoral Degree at Argosy University and later transferred to the International University for Graduate Studies where she was successful in obtaining her Doctorate in Psychology (PsyD) with a major in Behavioral Science, Dr. McKayle worked in a number of Mental Health Agencies as well as Dade County Public school System as a Counselor for with children with Severe Emotional Disabilities and other behavioral disorders in the Middle and High
Dr Linda McKayle graduated from St. Thomas University, Miami Florida with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, and a Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling. Dr. McKayle later pursue her Doctoral Degree at Argosy University and later transferred to the International University for Graduate Studies where she was successful in obtaining her Doctorate in Psychology (PsyD) with a major in Behavioral Science, Dr. McKayle worked in a number of Mental Health Agencies as well as Dade County Public school System as a Counselor for with children with Severe Emotional Disabilities and other behavioral disorders in the Middle and High
(954) 621-1169 View (954) 621-1169
Photo of Nathalie Donny, MA, LMHC, CCSOTS, CCTP, Counselor
Nathalie Donny
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCSOTS, CCTP
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
As a State Licensed Mental Health Counselor with years of therapy experience, and several specific certifications, I can provide the level of care necessary to meet the needs of individuals who are experiencing a variety of mental disorders and or struggles with depression or anxiety as well as the stress of daily life. I also have an extensive background working with both trauma and sexual abuse and I can also assist with anger management.
As a State Licensed Mental Health Counselor with years of therapy experience, and several specific certifications, I can provide the level of care necessary to meet the needs of individuals who are experiencing a variety of mental disorders and or struggles with depression or anxiety as well as the stress of daily life. I also have an extensive background working with both trauma and sexual abuse and I can also assist with anger management.
(352) 205-4245 View (352) 205-4245
Photo of Cesar Perez, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cesar Perez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736
I offer counseling services in English or Spanish in the Clermont area. I specialize in working with clients in the following two categories: A) Individuals (18+) who are struggling with anxieties, overcoming traumatic events, adjusting to life changes, depression, and relational difficulties. B) Couples who can't communicate, have grown apart, and those who are struggling to move forward after major life events, including affairs.
I offer counseling services in English or Spanish in the Clermont area. I specialize in working with clients in the following two categories: A) Individuals (18+) who are struggling with anxieties, overcoming traumatic events, adjusting to life changes, depression, and relational difficulties. B) Couples who can't communicate, have grown apart, and those who are struggling to move forward after major life events, including affairs.
(407) 749-0194 View (407) 749-0194
Photo of Paula Sarai Navarro, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Paula Sarai Navarro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736  (Online Only)
I am bilingual and I speak English and Spanish. I use EMDR, ART, RTM, MESE, and NLP modalities to decrease trauma, depression, anxiety, and crisis. I use Emotional Focus therapy to increase connection and intimacy in couples and families. If you are questioning your relationships, I can help get to a healthy goal. If you are in a strained relationship, like a separation or going through a divorce, we can work together to transition back into a healthy lifestyle or start one. I work with individuals with trauma in youth, sexual abuse, and or toxic relationships in building positive coping skills from PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
I am bilingual and I speak English and Spanish. I use EMDR, ART, RTM, MESE, and NLP modalities to decrease trauma, depression, anxiety, and crisis. I use Emotional Focus therapy to increase connection and intimacy in couples and families. If you are questioning your relationships, I can help get to a healthy goal. If you are in a strained relationship, like a separation or going through a divorce, we can work together to transition back into a healthy lifestyle or start one. I work with individuals with trauma in youth, sexual abuse, and or toxic relationships in building positive coping skills from PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
(407) 641-3415 View (407) 641-3415
Photo of Morgan Socorso, LMHC, Counselor
Morgan Socorso
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736
I work with children and adolescents experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, low self-esteem, self-harm, and behavioral issues. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where clients can thrive. I help children/teens develop the tools they need to improve their overall well-being. I also offer guidance to caregivers, recognizing their vital role in their child's success.
I work with children and adolescents experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, low self-esteem, self-harm, and behavioral issues. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where clients can thrive. I help children/teens develop the tools they need to improve their overall well-being. I also offer guidance to caregivers, recognizing their vital role in their child's success.
(352) 839-3711 View (352) 839-3711
Photo of Beverly J Cooper - Beverly Cooper LMHC, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Beverly Cooper LMHC
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Groveland, FL 34736
Greetings, I am a Licensed Mental Health Therapist with 13 years of experience. I am currently taking new clients in the downtown Clermont area. If you are seeking a safe place and guidance to manage your issues, I am here to listen and help you affirm what you feel is best for you. Are you struggling with depression, job loss, anxiety, communication difficulties, relationship problems, divorce, grief? If so give me a call, and we will work together to help you learn the tools to successfully manage them.
Greetings, I am a Licensed Mental Health Therapist with 13 years of experience. I am currently taking new clients in the downtown Clermont area. If you are seeking a safe place and guidance to manage your issues, I am here to listen and help you affirm what you feel is best for you. Are you struggling with depression, job loss, anxiety, communication difficulties, relationship problems, divorce, grief? If so give me a call, and we will work together to help you learn the tools to successfully manage them.
(352) 289-8521 View (352) 289-8521
Photo of Briana Bradshaw, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Briana Bradshaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Hello! My name is Briana Bradshaw and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I specialize in working with young adults struggling with purpose, premarital and marital issues, life-transitions, adult children of divorce, anxiety and individuals struggling with auto-immune disorders/ chronic illness, among other issues. I tend to draw from CBT, solution focused, client centered and family systems modalities. My approach is unique to the client first and foremost and my goal is to always instill hope for progress and a future.
Hello! My name is Briana Bradshaw and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I specialize in working with young adults struggling with purpose, premarital and marital issues, life-transitions, adult children of divorce, anxiety and individuals struggling with auto-immune disorders/ chronic illness, among other issues. I tend to draw from CBT, solution focused, client centered and family systems modalities. My approach is unique to the client first and foremost and my goal is to always instill hope for progress and a future.
(561) 295-7781 View (561) 295-7781
Photo of Marydanielle Ann Verrier, Intern , LMHC, LADC1
Marydanielle Ann Verrier
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, Intern , LMHC, LADC1
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
We are currently still taking new clients and offering in person and telehealth sessions. We specialize in most forms of mental health treatment and substance abuse. We are a seasoned committed to excellent clinical care for our patients. If you are looking for treatment for all ages. We use holistic approach to therapeutic treatment. Our goal is to provide a warm and attentive environment that produces personal growth and wholeness. This office offers various disciplines to assist our clients in achieving their personal goals.
We are currently still taking new clients and offering in person and telehealth sessions. We specialize in most forms of mental health treatment and substance abuse. We are a seasoned committed to excellent clinical care for our patients. If you are looking for treatment for all ages. We use holistic approach to therapeutic treatment. Our goal is to provide a warm and attentive environment that produces personal growth and wholeness. This office offers various disciplines to assist our clients in achieving their personal goals.
(352) 855-3675 View (352) 855-3675
Photo of Natali Uribe Naranjo, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Natali Uribe Naranjo
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Groveland, FL 34736
Having anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD related symptoms, unprocessed trauma, panic attacks, anger, burnout from work and having difficulty to cope with life transitions are common concerns that a lot of people experience without knowing how to manage it. Attending treatment is a safe space to express how you feel and think without being judged, where you can learn how to manage your mental health concerns and to recognize some of the root causes of them. Therapy may help you to learn tools to make positive changes in your behavior, mood, interpersonal relationships, belief system and to process childhood trauma connected.
Having anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD related symptoms, unprocessed trauma, panic attacks, anger, burnout from work and having difficulty to cope with life transitions are common concerns that a lot of people experience without knowing how to manage it. Attending treatment is a safe space to express how you feel and think without being judged, where you can learn how to manage your mental health concerns and to recognize some of the root causes of them. Therapy may help you to learn tools to make positive changes in your behavior, mood, interpersonal relationships, belief system and to process childhood trauma connected.
(352) 280-3499 View (352) 280-3499
1

See more therapy options for 34736

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 34736

20+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in 34736 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
79% Depression
69% Coping Skills
59% Self Esteem
55% ADHD
52% Grief
52% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% Cigna and Evernorth
81% Aetna
81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 34736 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 34736?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.