Therapists in 34217

Photo of David Hobbs, Psychologist, PhD
David Hobbs
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
I have practiced as a licensed psychologist for more than 25 years, primarily utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy as an effective tool for treating anxiety and depression. I've learned during this time, that spirituality is an important aspect of everyone's personality that should be considered in psychotherapeutic interventions.
I have practiced as a licensed psychologist for more than 25 years, primarily utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy as an effective tool for treating anxiety and depression. I've learned during this time, that spirituality is an important aspect of everyone's personality that should be considered in psychotherapeutic interventions.
(941) 770-3341 View (941) 770-3341
Photo of Dora Limoncelli, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Dora Limoncelli
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Online Only
What is the goal of Mental Health Counseling? To explore the client's own energy and determination to reverse a cycle of behaviors that are destructive to self and relationships. I strive to create a counseling relationship that is non judgmental, safe, secure, and accepting. You, the client, are unique, worthy and capable of change. You can move from a position of helplessness to a feeling of control and responsibility for your own behaviors and determine your own destiny. Call my office to discuss ways I can assist you in leading a happier and healthier life.
What is the goal of Mental Health Counseling? To explore the client's own energy and determination to reverse a cycle of behaviors that are destructive to self and relationships. I strive to create a counseling relationship that is non judgmental, safe, secure, and accepting. You, the client, are unique, worthy and capable of change. You can move from a position of helplessness to a feeling of control and responsibility for your own behaviors and determine your own destiny. Call my office to discuss ways I can assist you in leading a happier and healthier life.
(941) 677-8966 View (941) 677-8966
Photo of G Orlando Pickens, Counselor, MDiv, MS, LMHC
G Orlando Pickens
Counselor, MDiv, MS, LMHC
Online Only
One of the bravest things you can do is live life on your own terms. It can be challenging to make that first phone call, but I hope you can take a moment into the first step to experience yourself in new ways. I am here to support you through that process. Society fills our head with ideas on how you are “supposed” to be/act/feel/show up. I believe that each person has a unique story and journey they are on but the one thing that stays consistent is that we are most happy when we are in tune with our own inner world living from the core of who we are.
One of the bravest things you can do is live life on your own terms. It can be challenging to make that first phone call, but I hope you can take a moment into the first step to experience yourself in new ways. I am here to support you through that process. Society fills our head with ideas on how you are “supposed” to be/act/feel/show up. I believe that each person has a unique story and journey they are on but the one thing that stays consistent is that we are most happy when we are in tune with our own inner world living from the core of who we are.
(941) 205-7332 View (941) 205-7332
Photo of James Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
James Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, I'm James Mitchell, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a client-centered approach to therapy. My focuses of practice are on the LGBTQ+ community, Veterans with adjustment issues, trauma, and mood disorders, and anyone seeking to improve their coping skills and find solutions for to make life more about living and less about just surviving!
Hello, I'm James Mitchell, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a client-centered approach to therapy. My focuses of practice are on the LGBTQ+ community, Veterans with adjustment issues, trauma, and mood disorders, and anyone seeking to improve their coping skills and find solutions for to make life more about living and less about just surviving!
(689) 300-4183 View (689) 300-4183
Photo of Yoany Lopez Hernandez, Counselor, LMHC
Yoany Lopez Hernandez
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hello, I am Yoany Lopez-Hernandez, LMHC. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who is passionate about life. I am here to support my clients through rough times and overcome trauma related issues focusing in healing and building self-love and self-confidence. I've been working with people that experienced trauma (ex. Sexual, Physical and/or psychological abuse during childhood, placed in foster homes, homeless, not feeling heard or validated, divorce, grieving, etc.). I've been focusing on identifying symptoms and helping them to deal with trauma related issues, while learning and practicing healthy and adaptive coping skills.
Hello, I am Yoany Lopez-Hernandez, LMHC. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who is passionate about life. I am here to support my clients through rough times and overcome trauma related issues focusing in healing and building self-love and self-confidence. I've been working with people that experienced trauma (ex. Sexual, Physical and/or psychological abuse during childhood, placed in foster homes, homeless, not feeling heard or validated, divorce, grieving, etc.). I've been focusing on identifying symptoms and helping them to deal with trauma related issues, while learning and practicing healthy and adaptive coping skills.
(407) 954-8592 View (407) 954-8592

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Gabrielle Hoffman, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, RCSWI
Gabrielle Hoffman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, RCSWI
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33707
I work with children, young adults, and adults in addition to families and couples. I strive to create a safe and judgement free environment that allows for individuals to grow into the best versions of themselves. I have experience working with individuals struggling with substance use, adjustment disorders, self-esteem, anger, anxiety, mood disorders, and depression. I feel passionately that individuals and their experiences are unique to them, and all require a special approach.
I work with children, young adults, and adults in addition to families and couples. I strive to create a safe and judgement free environment that allows for individuals to grow into the best versions of themselves. I have experience working with individuals struggling with substance use, adjustment disorders, self-esteem, anger, anxiety, mood disorders, and depression. I feel passionately that individuals and their experiences are unique to them, and all require a special approach.
(727) 615-8785 View (727) 615-8785
Photo of Luz Gomez-Casseres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Luz Gomez-Casseres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a multi-state licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience and Bi-lingual in English and Spanish. I work with adults seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, relationships, and difficulty adjusting to major life transitions. I offer online sessions via a secure HIPPA compliant platform. Ofrezco sesiones de psicoterapia online para adultos que buscan ayuda por problemas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés, autoestima, dificultad con relaciones interpersonales, y adaptación a cambios en la vida. Soy Latina y hablo Español.
I am a multi-state licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience and Bi-lingual in English and Spanish. I work with adults seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, relationships, and difficulty adjusting to major life transitions. I offer online sessions via a secure HIPPA compliant platform. Ofrezco sesiones de psicoterapia online para adultos que buscan ayuda por problemas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés, autoestima, dificultad con relaciones interpersonales, y adaptación a cambios en la vida. Soy Latina y hablo Español.
(407) 594-7871 View (407) 594-7871
Photo of Soraya Carr, Counselor, LMHC
Soraya Carr
Counselor, LMHC
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702
Have you faced adversity head-on & are ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing? Do you desire to reclaim control over your life and shape a future that aligns with your authentic self? Your motivation lies in a profound yearning for positive change, a commitment to breaking free from the shackles of past challenges, and a genuine belief in the transformative power of self-improvement. Together, we work towards building resilience and fostering a sense of empowerment for a brighter, more fulfilling future.
Have you faced adversity head-on & are ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing? Do you desire to reclaim control over your life and shape a future that aligns with your authentic self? Your motivation lies in a profound yearning for positive change, a commitment to breaking free from the shackles of past challenges, and a genuine belief in the transformative power of self-improvement. Together, we work towards building resilience and fostering a sense of empowerment for a brighter, more fulfilling future.
(561) 209-8283 View (561) 209-8283
Photo of Susan S Drake, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Susan S Drake
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sarasota, FL 34238
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience working with individuals and couples both young and old. My work has evolved naturally over the years, and I consideras my responsibility to model this innate human ability to evolve with others as a part of the therapeutic relationship. I especially want to support those who find themselves desiring to make changes in their lives. Whether as individuals, or as one in relationship to another, it is important to view change as a natural and healthy transition. Sharing one's story can begin the process of that transformation toward a sense of wellbeing and happines
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience working with individuals and couples both young and old. My work has evolved naturally over the years, and I consideras my responsibility to model this innate human ability to evolve with others as a part of the therapeutic relationship. I especially want to support those who find themselves desiring to make changes in their lives. Whether as individuals, or as one in relationship to another, it is important to view change as a natural and healthy transition. Sharing one's story can begin the process of that transformation toward a sense of wellbeing and happines
(941) 531-1715 View (941) 531-1715
Photo of Delinda Patterson Swanston, MA, LMHC
Delinda Patterson Swanston
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I am Delinda Swanston and I am licensed to practice clinical counseling in Virginia and Florida. I have 25+ years of experience working across various populations and settings, including extensive work with public service professionals and the military population both here at home in the US and overseas. Additionally, I have worked in intensive and emergency, settings, inpatient, outpatient, community-based and on military installations. My clientele are professionals, students, moms, dads, grandparents, sons, and daughters managing challenges related to roles, relationships, health, and career.
Hello, I am Delinda Swanston and I am licensed to practice clinical counseling in Virginia and Florida. I have 25+ years of experience working across various populations and settings, including extensive work with public service professionals and the military population both here at home in the US and overseas. Additionally, I have worked in intensive and emergency, settings, inpatient, outpatient, community-based and on military installations. My clientele are professionals, students, moms, dads, grandparents, sons, and daughters managing challenges related to roles, relationships, health, and career.
(813) 680-2486 View (813) 680-2486
Photo of Tyler Rogols, Counselor, MBA, MA, LPCC-S
Tyler Rogols
Counselor, MBA, MA, LPCC-S
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702
Accepting new clients! I help people overcome difficulty and use it to grow and pursue a life of meaning and purpose. Sometimes we start by treating stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, career, or LGBTQ+ and other identity issues, and over time turn to deeper issues about the life you want to create, your identity, and your values. I’m a humanistic counselor, which means I’ll never tell you what to do and I’ll always empower you to make the choice that’s best for you. I use a collaborative, gentle approach that helps you connect with your intuitive sense of self and your intrinsic motivation to grow and do difficult things.
Accepting new clients! I help people overcome difficulty and use it to grow and pursue a life of meaning and purpose. Sometimes we start by treating stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, career, or LGBTQ+ and other identity issues, and over time turn to deeper issues about the life you want to create, your identity, and your values. I’m a humanistic counselor, which means I’ll never tell you what to do and I’ll always empower you to make the choice that’s best for you. I use a collaborative, gentle approach that helps you connect with your intuitive sense of self and your intrinsic motivation to grow and do difficult things.
(727) 261-2569 View (727) 261-2569
Photo of Stephanie Campbell, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Stephanie Campbell
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Pinellas Park, FL 33782
Are you feeling sad, lonely, or confused in a current or past toxic relationship? Whether it’s a romantic partner, family member, or friend, unhealthy dynamics can leave you questioning yourself and your worth. You’re not alone, and it’s possible to heal. I’m here to help you untangle the pain, rebuild your self-confidence, and rediscover what healthy, fulfilling relationships look like. Together, we’ll work to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, even when it feels like hope is out of reach. Living life on your own terms—with clarity, confidence, and self-compassion—is the most beautiful gift you can give yourself.
Are you feeling sad, lonely, or confused in a current or past toxic relationship? Whether it’s a romantic partner, family member, or friend, unhealthy dynamics can leave you questioning yourself and your worth. You’re not alone, and it’s possible to heal. I’m here to help you untangle the pain, rebuild your self-confidence, and rediscover what healthy, fulfilling relationships look like. Together, we’ll work to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, even when it feels like hope is out of reach. Living life on your own terms—with clarity, confidence, and self-compassion—is the most beautiful gift you can give yourself.
(727) 295-2938 View (727) 295-2938
Dr. Emily Roff at Autism Family Coach
Verified Verified
Online Only
Dr. Emily Roff at Autism Family Coach helps families with a child, or loved one, with autism, across the life span. She provides guidance, coaching, training and advocacy for families navigating the complex world of autism. Families who may especially benefit are those who have concerns of early signs of autism; who need guidance on how to get an autism diagnosis; and/or who have a recent diagnosis and are looking for next steps, resources, and home- and school-based strategies. Additionally, families with other developmental disabilities may also benefit from working with Dr. Roff when strategizing IEP & school-based issues.
Dr. Emily Roff at Autism Family Coach helps families with a child, or loved one, with autism, across the life span. She provides guidance, coaching, training and advocacy for families navigating the complex world of autism. Families who may especially benefit are those who have concerns of early signs of autism; who need guidance on how to get an autism diagnosis; and/or who have a recent diagnosis and are looking for next steps, resources, and home- and school-based strategies. Additionally, families with other developmental disabilities may also benefit from working with Dr. Roff when strategizing IEP & school-based issues.
(941) 559-8189 View (941) 559-8189
Photo of Jodi Rabkin-Turner, Counselor, LMHC
Jodi Rabkin-Turner
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hi. My name is Jodi Rabkin-Turner, LMHC, LPC. I specialize in trauma, PTSD and the disorders that come from those issues. I typically work with clients that have depression and anxiety, PTSD, sexual abuse, trauma, substance abuse or any symptoms that occur due to past or present life experiences. I am very straight forward and tend not to beat around the bush. It takes some work to change and get past your issues, so I give out some real life assignments that can be used in the "real world" to help clients to get passed their core issues.
Hi. My name is Jodi Rabkin-Turner, LMHC, LPC. I specialize in trauma, PTSD and the disorders that come from those issues. I typically work with clients that have depression and anxiety, PTSD, sexual abuse, trauma, substance abuse or any symptoms that occur due to past or present life experiences. I am very straight forward and tend not to beat around the bush. It takes some work to change and get past your issues, so I give out some real life assignments that can be used in the "real world" to help clients to get passed their core issues.
(321) 844-7118 View (321) 844-7118
Photo of Zoila Jarquin - Empower Flower Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Empower Flower Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to Empower Flower Counseling, LLC! It takes strength to be here. I am honored you have found me during your personal journey toward self-discovery and healing. I’m Zoila (Soy-la) (she/her/hers/ella) a gender affirming Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I’m a first generation graduate, Latin-X clinician practicing in the Tampa Bay area. I’m currently working with all folks with emphasis on people of color (POC) coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, grief, family conflicts, 2sLGBTQIA+, multicultural issues and women’s issues ages 15 and up.
Welcome to Empower Flower Counseling, LLC! It takes strength to be here. I am honored you have found me during your personal journey toward self-discovery and healing. I’m Zoila (Soy-la) (she/her/hers/ella) a gender affirming Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I’m a first generation graduate, Latin-X clinician practicing in the Tampa Bay area. I’m currently working with all folks with emphasis on people of color (POC) coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, grief, family conflicts, 2sLGBTQIA+, multicultural issues and women’s issues ages 15 and up.
(813) 491-7965 View (813) 491-7965
Photo of Jessica Murphy, Counselor, LMHC, CASAC, CARC, C-DBT
Jessica Murphy
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC, CARC, C-DBT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
There was a time when I felt trapped by anxiety, depression, and overwhelm. I spent years feeling like I was constantly reacting to the world around me—easily overwhelmed, shutting down, and unsure how to move forward. I was living in a hypervigiliant state - always on edge, feeling unsafe in relationships and in my aloneness. This was also followed with depressive states followed by shame and guilt.
There was a time when I felt trapped by anxiety, depression, and overwhelm. I spent years feeling like I was constantly reacting to the world around me—easily overwhelmed, shutting down, and unsure how to move forward. I was living in a hypervigiliant state - always on edge, feeling unsafe in relationships and in my aloneness. This was also followed with depressive states followed by shame and guilt.
(914) 687-5698 View (914) 687-5698
Photo of Thomas Jones, Counselor, LMHC
Thomas Jones
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Whether you're navigating recovery from substance use or other addictive behaviors, mood disorders, the complexities of young adulthood, men's health issues, or life's inevitable stressors, you don't have to walk this path alone. I also understand the journey as a person in long term recovery myself. I am here to offer experienced therapy, specifically tailored to your unique needs.
Whether you're navigating recovery from substance use or other addictive behaviors, mood disorders, the complexities of young adulthood, men's health issues, or life's inevitable stressors, you don't have to walk this path alone. I also understand the journey as a person in long term recovery myself. I am here to offer experienced therapy, specifically tailored to your unique needs.
(561) 462-5592 View (561) 462-5592
Photo of Iris Curry, Counselor, LMHC
Iris Curry
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Palmetto, FL 34221
Life can be complex and difficult to navigate at times. Iris’ mission is “to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental, and validating space for you to explore your experiences so that together we can help you reach a place of healing, fulfillment, and growth”.
Life can be complex and difficult to navigate at times. Iris’ mission is “to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental, and validating space for you to explore your experiences so that together we can help you reach a place of healing, fulfillment, and growth”.
(941) 207-3933 View (941) 207-3933
Photo of Hilary Hall, Counselor, MA, LMHC, NBCC
Hilary Hall
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NBCC
Sarasota, FL 34236
Not accepting new clients
SO MANY CHOICES LOOKING FOR A THERAPIST. IT CAN FEEL OVERWHELMING! HOW DO YOU DECIDE? First, look for a well trained therapist with a minimum of 10 years of experience. Second, find a therapist who has graduated from an advanced training institute after their graduate program. Third, find someone who has high professional and ethical standards. Fourth, find a therapist who has a warm and comfortable office environment. Fifth, talk to the person on the phone for a few minutes to get a "feel" for their personal "style" and answer your questions.
SO MANY CHOICES LOOKING FOR A THERAPIST. IT CAN FEEL OVERWHELMING! HOW DO YOU DECIDE? First, look for a well trained therapist with a minimum of 10 years of experience. Second, find a therapist who has graduated from an advanced training institute after their graduate program. Third, find someone who has high professional and ethical standards. Fourth, find a therapist who has a warm and comfortable office environment. Fifth, talk to the person on the phone for a few minutes to get a "feel" for their personal "style" and answer your questions.
(941) 203-3396 x2 View (941) 203-3396 x2
Photo of Aras Leon VanBibber - Centers for Counseling and Wellness, Int'l, Psychologist, LCPC, MSW
Centers for Counseling and Wellness, Int'l
Psychologist, LCPC, MSW
Online Only
Are you carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, feeling overwhelmed by emotional stress and life’s unrelenting demands? Whether you're juggling corporate deadlines, family responsibilities, or the unique challenges of military life—deployments, relocations, reintegration—the anxiety, sadness, or burnout can feel all-consuming. But you don’t have to face it alone. At Centers for Counseling and Wellness, Int’l, we see you, we hear you, and we’re here for you. Our compassionate team of licensed professionals offers expert support to both civilians and military families, helping you navigate life’s most challenging moments.
Are you carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, feeling overwhelmed by emotional stress and life’s unrelenting demands? Whether you're juggling corporate deadlines, family responsibilities, or the unique challenges of military life—deployments, relocations, reintegration—the anxiety, sadness, or burnout can feel all-consuming. But you don’t have to face it alone. At Centers for Counseling and Wellness, Int’l, we see you, we hear you, and we’re here for you. Our compassionate team of licensed professionals offers expert support to both civilians and military families, helping you navigate life’s most challenging moments.
(813) 688-0488 View (813) 688-0488

See more therapy options for 34217

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 34217

< 10

Therapists in 34217 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
80% Divorce
80% Coping Skills
80% Self Esteem
60% Relationship Issues
60% Addiction

Average years in practice

27 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
80% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 34217 see their clients

100% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 34217?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.