Therapists in Miramar, FL

Photo of Susan Y. Frazier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miramar, FL
Susan Y. Frazier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33023
Frazier Counseling Services, LLC was founded on the principles of "personal resilience". You have the ability to "bounce back" from any situation with the right tools and voice of reasoning. You matter and we will meet you where you are and work towards identifying solutions that will yield positive results. We strive on creating a safe, non-judgemental environment for you to be transparent and open to the therapeutic process.
Frazier Counseling Services, LLC was founded on the principles of "personal resilience". You have the ability to "bounce back" from any situation with the right tools and voice of reasoning. You matter and we will meet you where you are and work towards identifying solutions that will yield positive results. We strive on creating a safe, non-judgemental environment for you to be transparent and open to the therapeutic process.
(786) 780-2383 View (786) 780-2383
Photo of Susana Maria Acevedo, Mental Health Counselor in Miramar, FL
Susana Maria Acevedo
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33029
The challenges we face are the ones that make us stronger, believing within ourselves and overcoming fears is what will bring out our true Potential and will constitute an opportunity for growth, I am focused on helping my clients achieve that growth in all areas: mental, physical and spiritual. My approach is Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with a Humanistic Approach integrated with Solution Focused therapy. Through our work together, couples are enabled to navigate conflict smoothly and build trust with one another. I also help adults grieving the loss of a loved one. By giving space to their grief in a place of support.
The challenges we face are the ones that make us stronger, believing within ourselves and overcoming fears is what will bring out our true Potential and will constitute an opportunity for growth, I am focused on helping my clients achieve that growth in all areas: mental, physical and spiritual. My approach is Cognitive Behavior Therapy combined with a Humanistic Approach integrated with Solution Focused therapy. Through our work together, couples are enabled to navigate conflict smoothly and build trust with one another. I also help adults grieving the loss of a loved one. By giving space to their grief in a place of support.
(954) 630-6336 View (954) 630-6336
Photo of Anse Daniel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Miramar, FL
Anse Daniel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S, IMFT-S
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33025
I see therapy as a collaborative process every step of the way- from goal setting through achieving goals. I believe that each individual, couple, and family has a different way to relating to the world, and I treat each client based on their individual needs. We work together to identify strengths, and focus on what we know is already working. Then, together, we face challenges and build new skills to accomplish goals. I use therapeutic techniques that are designed to meet those goals (e.g. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-CBT, Family Systems, Solution Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy-DBT).
I see therapy as a collaborative process every step of the way- from goal setting through achieving goals. I believe that each individual, couple, and family has a different way to relating to the world, and I treat each client based on their individual needs. We work together to identify strengths, and focus on what we know is already working. Then, together, we face challenges and build new skills to accomplish goals. I use therapeutic techniques that are designed to meet those goals (e.g. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-CBT, Family Systems, Solution Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy-DBT).
(954) 573-2472 View (954) 573-2472
Photo of Michelle Stoyell-Conti, Psychologist in Miramar, FL
Michelle Stoyell-Conti
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33025
Do you worry uncontrollably? Do you have difficulties feeling uncertain and have a low tolerance for distress or anxiety? Do you often do things to get rid of your thoughts and it just gets worse? Is it difficult to manage how you respond to your emotions? Do you have thoughts that you “aren’t good enough” or feel guilty about things you think you “should”/“shouldn’t” have done? Have you gone through a difficult life situation which is difficult to overcome? Do you experience difficulties in social relationships? Do you have trouble accepting the way you look? Do you struggle with tics, skin picking, hair pulling or nail biting?
Do you worry uncontrollably? Do you have difficulties feeling uncertain and have a low tolerance for distress or anxiety? Do you often do things to get rid of your thoughts and it just gets worse? Is it difficult to manage how you respond to your emotions? Do you have thoughts that you “aren’t good enough” or feel guilty about things you think you “should”/“shouldn’t” have done? Have you gone through a difficult life situation which is difficult to overcome? Do you experience difficulties in social relationships? Do you have trouble accepting the way you look? Do you struggle with tics, skin picking, hair pulling or nail biting?
(954) 231-1042 View (954) 231-1042
Photo of Kimorah Therapy, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Miramar, FL
Kimorah Therapy
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33025  (Online Only)
Claudia completed internships that allowed her to work closely with parents of children diagnosed with Autism, both individually and in group settings. This experience ignited her desire to extend her support beyond the early years, leading her to focus her work on young adults and adults diagnosed with ADHD. Additionally, Claudia provides guidance and therapy to individuals processing grief, anxiety, depression, and adjustment issues.
Claudia completed internships that allowed her to work closely with parents of children diagnosed with Autism, both individually and in group settings. This experience ignited her desire to extend her support beyond the early years, leading her to focus her work on young adults and adults diagnosed with ADHD. Additionally, Claudia provides guidance and therapy to individuals processing grief, anxiety, depression, and adjustment issues.
(954) 866-7821 View (954) 866-7821
Photo of LaughLoveLive Again in Miramar, FL
LaughLoveLive Again
MS, BCBA
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33023
You're looking for something different that WORKS. You're staying in bed, yelling at loved ones more, detaching from your family and friends. You're ready to change the course of your life, break the shackles of past traumas, end your cycle of abuse and do things you haven't done before...move forward. You're DONE looking behind you and being unable to see the opportunities and beauty and life that lie in front of you. I want to help you move on from the behaviors and issues setting you back to begin loving yourself and moving forward. Break old behaviors. Push past goals and end stagnation. Let's break the cycle.
You're looking for something different that WORKS. You're staying in bed, yelling at loved ones more, detaching from your family and friends. You're ready to change the course of your life, break the shackles of past traumas, end your cycle of abuse and do things you haven't done before...move forward. You're DONE looking behind you and being unable to see the opportunities and beauty and life that lie in front of you. I want to help you move on from the behaviors and issues setting you back to begin loving yourself and moving forward. Break old behaviors. Push past goals and end stagnation. Let's break the cycle.
(754) 212-9636 View (754) 212-9636
Photo of Menachem Uminer, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern in Miramar, FL
Menachem Uminer
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, RCSWI, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33027
Are you weighed down by persistent stress, sadness, or emptiness? Do worries and anxieties dominate your thoughts? Are you struggling to find relief from these overwhelming emotions? Past traumas and emotional wounds can cast a shadow over your relationships and hinder personal growth, leaving you feeling trapped in a cycle of stress and unhappiness, unsure of how to break free. The good news is, you don't need to go through this alone. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma, as well as those grappling with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem challenges.
Are you weighed down by persistent stress, sadness, or emptiness? Do worries and anxieties dominate your thoughts? Are you struggling to find relief from these overwhelming emotions? Past traumas and emotional wounds can cast a shadow over your relationships and hinder personal growth, leaving you feeling trapped in a cycle of stress and unhappiness, unsure of how to break free. The good news is, you don't need to go through this alone. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma, as well as those grappling with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem challenges.
(954) 758-8844 View (954) 758-8844
Photo of Kery Constantin, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Miramar, FL
Kery Constantin
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33023
Not accepting new clients
I don't have an ideal Client. I'm here to help!
I don't have an ideal Client. I'm here to help!
(786) 572-0156 View (786) 572-0156
Photo of Shakera Bucknor Ingram, Psychologist in Miramar, FL
Shakera Bucknor Ingram
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33025
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Shakera Bucknor Ingram is a Licensed Psychologist. She has diverse clinical training, working with forensic population, children, military service members and first responders. Dr. Bucknor Ingram believes in a holistic approach when working with clients.
Dr. Shakera Bucknor Ingram is a Licensed Psychologist. She has diverse clinical training, working with forensic population, children, military service members and first responders. Dr. Bucknor Ingram believes in a holistic approach when working with clients.
(954) 637-7442 View (954) 637-7442
Photo of Renee Darden, Counselor in Miramar, FL
Renee Darden
Counselor, LMHC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33027  (Online Only)
Are you tired of arguing constantly without feeling heard? Are you feeling anxious or sad more days than not? Do you struggle with attention deficit or hyperactivity, difficulty with concentration and focus? I provide couples therapy as well as individual therapy for anxiety and depression related to relationship trauma. I also help with discovering the coping skills needed to manage your stress, work and career issues, and family conflicts. In doing so, we will uncover the behavior patterns that are keeping you stuck in negative cycles, and help you find the clarity needed to change the dynamics within your life.
Are you tired of arguing constantly without feeling heard? Are you feeling anxious or sad more days than not? Do you struggle with attention deficit or hyperactivity, difficulty with concentration and focus? I provide couples therapy as well as individual therapy for anxiety and depression related to relationship trauma. I also help with discovering the coping skills needed to manage your stress, work and career issues, and family conflicts. In doing so, we will uncover the behavior patterns that are keeping you stuck in negative cycles, and help you find the clarity needed to change the dynamics within your life.
(833) 323-4283 View (833) 323-4283
Photo of Kisha N Bazelais, Psychologist in Miramar, FL
Kisha N Bazelais
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33025
Often times we face obstacles or have setbacks that may get in the way of reaching our fullest potential or living a more satisfying life which then takes a toll on our emotional health. My goal as a clinician is to empower clients, by fostering growth and change in order to help them live a more fulfilling and satisfying life. I believe in working collaboratively with clients to develop insight and the necessary tools and skills to help manage their own emotional health. My therapeutic approach is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, and cultural sensitivity.
Often times we face obstacles or have setbacks that may get in the way of reaching our fullest potential or living a more satisfying life which then takes a toll on our emotional health. My goal as a clinician is to empower clients, by fostering growth and change in order to help them live a more fulfilling and satisfying life. I believe in working collaboratively with clients to develop insight and the necessary tools and skills to help manage their own emotional health. My therapeutic approach is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, and cultural sensitivity.
(305) 676-7347 View (305) 676-7347
Photo of Prospect Institute, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miramar, FL
Prospect Institute, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33025
Sheena Cooper is a South Florida native and a licensed Therapist. She attended the University of South Florida and graduated from Barry University with her Masters in 2010. She is an Army Veteran who served a 13 month tour in Taji, Iraq and traveled the World serving her country including Marcala, Honduras. Her experience in the Military and as a licensed Trauma Social Worker has allowed her to view life through different lenses.
Sheena Cooper is a South Florida native and a licensed Therapist. She attended the University of South Florida and graduated from Barry University with her Masters in 2010. She is an Army Veteran who served a 13 month tour in Taji, Iraq and traveled the World serving her country including Marcala, Honduras. Her experience in the Military and as a licensed Trauma Social Worker has allowed her to view life through different lenses.
(954) 231-0228 View (954) 231-0228
Photo of Linda D. McKayle, Counselor in Miramar, FL
Linda D. McKayle
Counselor, MS, PsyD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33023
I am a dedicated professional, who is willing to work with children, adolescence and adults with emotional problems and substance abuse, by utilizing positive interventions designed to address the needs of the individual that will promote a successful adjustment to life. Therapeutic issues addressed in my practice includes, but are not limited to, substance abuse, addictions, anxiety, panic disorder, depression, bereavement and loss, life crises & transitions, obsessive compulsive disorder, anger management and Post traumatic stress disorders. My practice style is family system, cognitive behavioral therapy and person centered therapy.
I am a dedicated professional, who is willing to work with children, adolescence and adults with emotional problems and substance abuse, by utilizing positive interventions designed to address the needs of the individual that will promote a successful adjustment to life. Therapeutic issues addressed in my practice includes, but are not limited to, substance abuse, addictions, anxiety, panic disorder, depression, bereavement and loss, life crises & transitions, obsessive compulsive disorder, anger management and Post traumatic stress disorders. My practice style is family system, cognitive behavioral therapy and person centered therapy.
(954) 621-1169 View (954) 621-1169
Photo of Lydia Moore Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miramar, FL
Lydia Moore Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CPI, LCSW, MCAP, QS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33029  (Online Only)
My journey of self-discovery has led me here and now. As most people do, we have hopes, dreams, and plans for our lives and aim for fulfillment. We do not always anticipate some of the obstacles that suddenly require a helping hand, a steppingstone, or a bridge. If you are currently experiencing any such challenge in your life, please reach out for help and support. I can provide counseling for the entire family, couples and individuals. If you or a family member is being impacted by addiction, relationship challenges, life transitions, behavioral & mental health concerns, your time might be now to receive compassionate support.
My journey of self-discovery has led me here and now. As most people do, we have hopes, dreams, and plans for our lives and aim for fulfillment. We do not always anticipate some of the obstacles that suddenly require a helping hand, a steppingstone, or a bridge. If you are currently experiencing any such challenge in your life, please reach out for help and support. I can provide counseling for the entire family, couples and individuals. If you or a family member is being impacted by addiction, relationship challenges, life transitions, behavioral & mental health concerns, your time might be now to receive compassionate support.
(954) 231-2536 View (954) 231-2536
Photo of Chantell Perez, Counselor in Miramar, FL
Chantell Perez
Counselor, LMHC, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miramar, FL 33029  (Online Only)
My name is Chantell and I am a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Clinician located in South Florida. Fluent in English and Spanish and dedicated to helping adults with past/current trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, unhealthy relationships, self-esteem, self-love, depression, and anxiety. I have provided trauma-focused individual therapy and facilitated support groups for grief and loss, self-love, and parenting skills in the community for over five years. I am also a life coach specializing in transformational life coaching. If interested, feel free to contact me for more information about my life coaching services.
My name is Chantell and I am a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Clinician located in South Florida. Fluent in English and Spanish and dedicated to helping adults with past/current trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, unhealthy relationships, self-esteem, self-love, depression, and anxiety. I have provided trauma-focused individual therapy and facilitated support groups for grief and loss, self-love, and parenting skills in the community for over five years. I am also a life coach specializing in transformational life coaching. If interested, feel free to contact me for more information about my life coaching services.
(954) 654-7356 View (954) 654-7356
Photo of Joan Dominique-Sturrup, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miramar, FL
Joan Dominique-Sturrup
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33029  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Florida. I have been practicing over 15 yrs. I work from a solution oriented perspective and encourage people to be their best selves. I am not here to fix all your problems but instead empower you to get things done for yourself. Regardless of what you are dealing with, I am here to help you get through it. Let's work together and get started on your healing.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Florida. I have been practicing over 15 yrs. I work from a solution oriented perspective and encourage people to be their best selves. I am not here to fix all your problems but instead empower you to get things done for yourself. Regardless of what you are dealing with, I am here to help you get through it. Let's work together and get started on your healing.
(954) 466-4692 View (954) 466-4692
Photo of Patricia Salgado, Counselor in Miramar, FL
Patricia Salgado
Counselor, LMHC, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33025
I believe in providing our clients with a safe and judgement free space in which they can receive the services they need. I strive to assist our clients during life's challenges by providing therapeutic support and resources. I specialize in EAP services for Police Officers/Fire Fighters/First Responders and their families.
I believe in providing our clients with a safe and judgement free space in which they can receive the services they need. I strive to assist our clients during life's challenges by providing therapeutic support and resources. I specialize in EAP services for Police Officers/Fire Fighters/First Responders and their families.
(954) 231-4383 View (954) 231-4383
Photo of Cristina Gonzalez, Counselor in Miramar, FL
Cristina Gonzalez
Counselor, LMFT
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33025  (Online Only)
Do you feel worried and stressed? Are you struggling to stay positive, communicate with those around you, cope with work stress, and stay healthy?Are you struggling with your family relationships? Are you struggling with many changes in your life such as adapting to new relationships or a new country? I help young and middle-aged adults manage anxiety and avoid burnout.Together, we can identify what's not working, build confidence, increase healthy habits, replace negative thinking with positive thoughts, learn relaxation techniques, improve communication with others, learn about healthy boundaries, and improve relationships.
Do you feel worried and stressed? Are you struggling to stay positive, communicate with those around you, cope with work stress, and stay healthy?Are you struggling with your family relationships? Are you struggling with many changes in your life such as adapting to new relationships or a new country? I help young and middle-aged adults manage anxiety and avoid burnout.Together, we can identify what's not working, build confidence, increase healthy habits, replace negative thinking with positive thoughts, learn relaxation techniques, improve communication with others, learn about healthy boundaries, and improve relationships.
(786) 650-1508 View (786) 650-1508
Photo of JNG Health Network, Psychologist in Miramar, FL
JNG Health Network
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33025
I've been working in the mental health field since 1993 years and I have significant experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly population with a variety of diagnosis. I can assist all family members with treatment, assessment, and management of a variety of emotional conflicts. I provide neuro-psychological, forensic, and other psychiatric evaluations for all age groups to include autism assessments. My goal is to inspire propsperous living, healthy relationships, personal growth, self-development, highest potentiality, peace, and happiness.
I've been working in the mental health field since 1993 years and I have significant experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly population with a variety of diagnosis. I can assist all family members with treatment, assessment, and management of a variety of emotional conflicts. I provide neuro-psychological, forensic, and other psychiatric evaluations for all age groups to include autism assessments. My goal is to inspire propsperous living, healthy relationships, personal growth, self-development, highest potentiality, peace, and happiness.
(954) 501-0786 View (954) 501-0786
Photo of David Mervilus, Counselor in Miramar, FL
David Mervilus
Counselor, MACP, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miramar, FL 33023  (Online Only)
I'm a Florida Licensed Qualified and Competent Client-focused Mental Health professional with more than 10 years’ experience in healthcare field as a Mental Health Therapist. I'm Successful in treating patients/clients with a variety of disorders. I have a master’s degree in counseling psychology with a concentration in Mental Health. I have worked with students throughout the Broward County School District, and I am currently one of the Broward County School based therapists. I hold both academic and practical experience in the role of Mental Health Professional and can provide excellent and adequate service to clients.
I'm a Florida Licensed Qualified and Competent Client-focused Mental Health professional with more than 10 years’ experience in healthcare field as a Mental Health Therapist. I'm Successful in treating patients/clients with a variety of disorders. I have a master’s degree in counseling psychology with a concentration in Mental Health. I have worked with students throughout the Broward County School District, and I am currently one of the Broward County School based therapists. I hold both academic and practical experience in the role of Mental Health Professional and can provide excellent and adequate service to clients.
(786) 833-8250 View (786) 833-8250

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Miramar, FL

100+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Miramar, FL who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Self Esteem
76% Coping Skills
75% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
85% Cigna and Evernorth
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Miramar, FL see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Miramar?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.