Therapists in 32095

Photo of Dr. Betsey Martinez, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Betsey Martinez
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Making the decision to seek therapy can feel like a big and sometimes scary step. From our very first contact I aim to be empathetic, culturally sensitive, and non-judgmental, creating a safe space for you to explore your difficulties and challenges. Do you constantly worry about your life choices, second-guess decisions, or question and replay the conversations you've had with others? Do you experience self-doubt about your abilities at work? About your parenting? Feel stuck but don't know how to create change?
Making the decision to seek therapy can feel like a big and sometimes scary step. From our very first contact I aim to be empathetic, culturally sensitive, and non-judgmental, creating a safe space for you to explore your difficulties and challenges. Do you constantly worry about your life choices, second-guess decisions, or question and replay the conversations you've had with others? Do you experience self-doubt about your abilities at work? About your parenting? Feel stuck but don't know how to create change?
(904) 375-7574 View (904) 375-7574
Photo of Larry Baumgartner, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Larry Baumgartner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Immediate IN-PERSON and virtual openings available right here in St. Augustine. You want to feel close again—to stop walking on eggshells, replaying conversations, or feeling miles apart from the person who once felt like home. Maybe infidelity, stress, or life changes have made everything feel harder. You’ve tried fixing things on your own but still feel unheard or disconnected. What you want now is understanding, direction, and a plan that works. I help couples and individuals in Palencia, St. Augustine, Palencia, World Golf Village, and Ponte Vedra find relief, rebuild trust, and move forward with clarity.
Immediate IN-PERSON and virtual openings available right here in St. Augustine. You want to feel close again—to stop walking on eggshells, replaying conversations, or feeling miles apart from the person who once felt like home. Maybe infidelity, stress, or life changes have made everything feel harder. You’ve tried fixing things on your own but still feel unheard or disconnected. What you want now is understanding, direction, and a plan that works. I help couples and individuals in Palencia, St. Augustine, Palencia, World Golf Village, and Ponte Vedra find relief, rebuild trust, and move forward with clarity.
(727) 946-1346 View (727) 946-1346
Photo of Samantha L Corley, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, RMHCI, MA
Samantha L Corley
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, RMHCI, MA
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Desiring to create something new yet feeling the weight of life’s burdens and brokenness? Whether it’s the pain of your past, broken pieces of relationships or fear that leaves you struggling in life there is a path to new growth where your life can begin to flourish. I believe that happens when you start to recognize your unhealthy behaviors and seek to find new ways of living. Meeting with a counselor can provide a place to find healing and develop healthy coping skills. Your environment plays an important role in that process. Counseling can offer a safe place to begin your journey towards new growth.
Desiring to create something new yet feeling the weight of life’s burdens and brokenness? Whether it’s the pain of your past, broken pieces of relationships or fear that leaves you struggling in life there is a path to new growth where your life can begin to flourish. I believe that happens when you start to recognize your unhealthy behaviors and seek to find new ways of living. Meeting with a counselor can provide a place to find healing and develop healthy coping skills. Your environment plays an important role in that process. Counseling can offer a safe place to begin your journey towards new growth.
(904) 209-9243 View (904) 209-9243
Photo of Nancy Miller, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Nancy Miller
Counselor, MA, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
I work with adults and adolescents, assisting them in developing coping skills for issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, grief, body image and relationship issues.
I work with adults and adolescents, assisting them in developing coping skills for issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, grief, body image and relationship issues.
(904) 204-2436 View (904) 204-2436
Photo of Amanda Payne, Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CST
Amanda Payne
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CST
5 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Sex Therapist in Florida, and have worked in social services for over 20 years serving populations such as: at-risk youth, domestic violence survivors, couples, first responders, and veterans. In my private practice, I use mostly mindfulness and cognitive behavioral approaches including EMDR to treat Post Traumatic Stress, anxiety, sexual functioning, and relational problems. I also completed Brené Brown's Daring Way Certification Training, an intervention which aims to help people around concerns connected to vulnerability, shame, and courage.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Sex Therapist in Florida, and have worked in social services for over 20 years serving populations such as: at-risk youth, domestic violence survivors, couples, first responders, and veterans. In my private practice, I use mostly mindfulness and cognitive behavioral approaches including EMDR to treat Post Traumatic Stress, anxiety, sexual functioning, and relational problems. I also completed Brené Brown's Daring Way Certification Training, an intervention which aims to help people around concerns connected to vulnerability, shame, and courage.
(904) 474-5706 View (904) 474-5706
Photo of Michael James Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
Michael James Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Are you having relationship difficulties? Caught in a negative perspective of your partner and your relationship? Having difficulty managing conflict? Caught in gridlocked, perpetual conflict? Feeling lonely and isolated? In a relationship where one or both of you are in recovery from addiction? Concerned about the effects of addiction on your children or family? Having difficulty with child behavior or parent-child conflict? If yes, I would like to help you and have the knowledge, the training, and the skills to do so.
Are you having relationship difficulties? Caught in a negative perspective of your partner and your relationship? Having difficulty managing conflict? Caught in gridlocked, perpetual conflict? Feeling lonely and isolated? In a relationship where one or both of you are in recovery from addiction? Concerned about the effects of addiction on your children or family? Having difficulty with child behavior or parent-child conflict? If yes, I would like to help you and have the knowledge, the training, and the skills to do so.
(904) 574-4744 View (904) 574-4744
Photo of Dr. Meghan Owenz, Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Dr. Meghan Owenz
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
4 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Accepting new Clients. Is your relationship stuck in silence, conflict, or confusion? I’m a licensed and board-certified psychologist guiding couples, families, parents, and adults to break free from cycles of conflict and stress. I specialize in relationship issues and offer a calm, supportive space and practical tools you can use right away to improve communication, strengthen your relationship, and restore balance. My approach blends research-backed strategies with warmth and humor, facilitating lasting change. I work with high-performing individuals who are feeling stuck and having trouble enjoying the life they've built.
Accepting new Clients. Is your relationship stuck in silence, conflict, or confusion? I’m a licensed and board-certified psychologist guiding couples, families, parents, and adults to break free from cycles of conflict and stress. I specialize in relationship issues and offer a calm, supportive space and practical tools you can use right away to improve communication, strengthen your relationship, and restore balance. My approach blends research-backed strategies with warmth and humor, facilitating lasting change. I work with high-performing individuals who are feeling stuck and having trouble enjoying the life they've built.
(904) 659-0760 View (904) 659-0760
Photo of Susan Capitano, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Susan Capitano
Counselor, MS, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Many times we are our own worst critic. Did you know that we have 60,000 thoughts a day, and most of them are negative and the majority of them are the same ones we had yesterday. Let me help you silence that critic in you, and teach you how to talk more nicely to yourself. It all starts with your thoughts, and once you change those, you change your entire life. Through personal experience and education, I have learned how to journey with others as they mange this thing we call "Life". I would consider it an honor to journey with you today!
Many times we are our own worst critic. Did you know that we have 60,000 thoughts a day, and most of them are negative and the majority of them are the same ones we had yesterday. Let me help you silence that critic in you, and teach you how to talk more nicely to yourself. It all starts with your thoughts, and once you change those, you change your entire life. Through personal experience and education, I have learned how to journey with others as they mange this thing we call "Life". I would consider it an honor to journey with you today!
(904) 606-9085 View (904) 606-9085
Photo of Cheryl Flostrand, Counselor, MA, EdS, LMHC
Cheryl Flostrand
Counselor, MA, EdS, LMHC
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Welcome! I'm Cheryl Flostrand MA, Ed.S, LMHC. I am a licensed therapist with over 17 years of experience and the proud owner of Mindful Magnolia LLC. I have the privilege of working with children, adolescents, and adults. I'm deeply passionate about creating a space where my clients feel truly seen, supported, and empowered. I believe in meeting each person exactly where they are, honoring their unique story, strengths, and hopes for the future. It's an incredible honor to walk alongside my clients as they navigate life's challenges, build resilience, and discover new ways to heal and grow.
Welcome! I'm Cheryl Flostrand MA, Ed.S, LMHC. I am a licensed therapist with over 17 years of experience and the proud owner of Mindful Magnolia LLC. I have the privilege of working with children, adolescents, and adults. I'm deeply passionate about creating a space where my clients feel truly seen, supported, and empowered. I believe in meeting each person exactly where they are, honoring their unique story, strengths, and hopes for the future. It's an incredible honor to walk alongside my clients as they navigate life's challenges, build resilience, and discover new ways to heal and grow.
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Photo of Rebecca McQuaig, Counselor, MS, LMHC, MCAP, NCC
Rebecca McQuaig
Counselor, MS, LMHC, MCAP, NCC
1 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Hello, I’m Rebecca, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. With specialized training in EMDR therapy for trauma and addiction, I provide trauma-informed care to help clients through life’s most complex challenges. My approach is rooted in evidence-based therapy, focusing on PTSD, anxiety, and stress management. Whether you’re working to overcome the effects of trauma, manage the complexities of addiction, or seeking personal growth, I’m here to help you achieve your goals. Using techniques like EMDR and mindfulness, I’m committed to supporting your unique journey to healing and resilience.
Hello, I’m Rebecca, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. With specialized training in EMDR therapy for trauma and addiction, I provide trauma-informed care to help clients through life’s most complex challenges. My approach is rooted in evidence-based therapy, focusing on PTSD, anxiety, and stress management. Whether you’re working to overcome the effects of trauma, manage the complexities of addiction, or seeking personal growth, I’m here to help you achieve your goals. Using techniques like EMDR and mindfulness, I’m committed to supporting your unique journey to healing and resilience.
(904) 606-1519 View (904) 606-1519
Photo of Maria Koehn, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Maria Koehn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Our growth and healing rests on moments like this where we seek support and guidance from a trusted other. I specialize in working with couples and families who are seeking to heal from relationship injuries and trauma. I use EFT in my work and use Brainspotting with individuals for trauma processing; these modalities help alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, repeat patterns of disconnect/conflict. Compassion, understanding and acceptance are central to my approach.
Our growth and healing rests on moments like this where we seek support and guidance from a trusted other. I specialize in working with couples and families who are seeking to heal from relationship injuries and trauma. I use EFT in my work and use Brainspotting with individuals for trauma processing; these modalities help alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, repeat patterns of disconnect/conflict. Compassion, understanding and acceptance are central to my approach.
(916) 541-2681 View (916) 541-2681
Photo of Stacie Sebastian, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, MA, BC-TMH
Stacie Sebastian
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, MA, BC-TMH
1 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
-Sorry I am not accepting new clients at this time. Compassionate, Personalized Care for you Mental Well-Being With over 20 years of counseling experience, I specialize in helping individuals navigate anxiety disorders, trauma, and depression. I understand that each person's journey is unique and I customize treatment plans tailored specifically to your needs-ensuring compassionate, effective care every step of the way. Drawing from evidence-based practices, I provide a comprehensive and supportive environment to help you build resilience, restore balance, and move forward with confidence.
-Sorry I am not accepting new clients at this time. Compassionate, Personalized Care for you Mental Well-Being With over 20 years of counseling experience, I specialize in helping individuals navigate anxiety disorders, trauma, and depression. I understand that each person's journey is unique and I customize treatment plans tailored specifically to your needs-ensuring compassionate, effective care every step of the way. Drawing from evidence-based practices, I provide a comprehensive and supportive environment to help you build resilience, restore balance, and move forward with confidence.
(904) 560-5054 View (904) 560-5054
Photo of Lori A Cowan, Counselor, LPC, LMFT, LMHC, CRC
Lori A Cowan
Counselor, LPC, LMFT, LMHC, CRC
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
I am accepting new in-person and telehealth clients. My job is to work along side you to meet your mental health goals whether it be to overcome trauma and adversity or just improve mood and wellbeing. I have concentrated experience in helping individuals with co-existing physical and mental health concerns.
I am accepting new in-person and telehealth clients. My job is to work along side you to meet your mental health goals whether it be to overcome trauma and adversity or just improve mood and wellbeing. I have concentrated experience in helping individuals with co-existing physical and mental health concerns.
(904) 298-6814 View (904) 298-6814
Photo of Rose Zayco, Psychologist, PsyD
Rose Zayco
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
Clients contact me for psychotherapy when they desire greater emotional depth and transformation in their emotional healing and personal growth journeys from someone who values professional excellence. Many clients have overcome tremendous adversity, achieved remarkably in professional settings, yet continue to struggle in highly particular, personal and painfully repetitive ways. My clients need a safe, focused, respectful relational space marked by compassion, kindness, calm, and curiosity in order to courageously explore the depths of their inner lives. My clients want greater self-awareness, inner calm and enhanced well-being.
Clients contact me for psychotherapy when they desire greater emotional depth and transformation in their emotional healing and personal growth journeys from someone who values professional excellence. Many clients have overcome tremendous adversity, achieved remarkably in professional settings, yet continue to struggle in highly particular, personal and painfully repetitive ways. My clients need a safe, focused, respectful relational space marked by compassion, kindness, calm, and curiosity in order to courageously explore the depths of their inner lives. My clients want greater self-awareness, inner calm and enhanced well-being.
(904) 351-8136 View (904) 351-8136
Photo of Crystal Dean, Counselor, LMHC
Crystal Dean
Counselor, LMHC
Saint Augustine, FL 32095
I believe in providing a supportive and accepting environment to allow you to feel comfortable sharing your life story. There are many obstacles that will be confronted in one’s life, but I believe the paradigms with which we view these from can be transformative in how they impact our life. I will assist you to identify your strengths, coping skills, and reflect on patterns, to help you grow further in your journey for wellness.
I believe in providing a supportive and accepting environment to allow you to feel comfortable sharing your life story. There are many obstacles that will be confronted in one’s life, but I believe the paradigms with which we view these from can be transformative in how they impact our life. I will assist you to identify your strengths, coping skills, and reflect on patterns, to help you grow further in your journey for wellness.
(904) 780-6337 View (904) 780-6337
Photo of Dixie Allison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Dixie Allison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
You don’t have to have all the answers to start therapy — you just need a safe place to explore what’s going on. I work with women, men, and couples navigating life transitions, anxiety, grief, sexual health concerns, and relationship challenges. Whether you're dealing with low desire, painful sex, erectile dysfunction, or simply feeling disconnected from your body or partner, this is a space where you can speak freely and be met with compassion and curiosity.
You don’t have to have all the answers to start therapy — you just need a safe place to explore what’s going on. I work with women, men, and couples navigating life transitions, anxiety, grief, sexual health concerns, and relationship challenges. Whether you're dealing with low desire, painful sex, erectile dysfunction, or simply feeling disconnected from your body or partner, this is a space where you can speak freely and be met with compassion and curiosity.
(850) 695-3095 View (850) 695-3095
Photo of Nida Paul - NP Counseling LLC, Counselor, LMHC, NCC, RPT
NP Counseling LLC
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, RPT
Serves Area
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Play Therapist, I bring a compassionate, trauma informed, and holistic approach in helping children and families create strong and healthy foundations for a lifetime well-being. I work with all ages of children and support them through a number of challenges including attachment issues, trauma, grief and loss, abuse, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and sensory processing challenges, as well as other social-emotional and behavioral difficulties.
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Play Therapist, I bring a compassionate, trauma informed, and holistic approach in helping children and families create strong and healthy foundations for a lifetime well-being. I work with all ages of children and support them through a number of challenges including attachment issues, trauma, grief and loss, abuse, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and sensory processing challenges, as well as other social-emotional and behavioral difficulties.
(904) 977-3418 View (904) 977-3418
Photo of Sara Kouten, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sara Kouten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Has a cancer diagnosis turned your life upside down? Is cancer all you think about? Hearing those three words “you have cancer” is a gut punch that is paralyzing. Thoughts of scans, testing, treatment, and side effects can become overwhelming. Some people become frozen by fear and struggle to experience joy. Even after treatment is over, quality of life can be compromised. Are you living with fear of recurrence? Do you have survivor's guilt? Do you feel like you should be now living a life filled with gratitude, but instead feel lost? Are you wondering what is that "new normal" they talk about? Do you just feel stuck?
Has a cancer diagnosis turned your life upside down? Is cancer all you think about? Hearing those three words “you have cancer” is a gut punch that is paralyzing. Thoughts of scans, testing, treatment, and side effects can become overwhelming. Some people become frozen by fear and struggle to experience joy. Even after treatment is over, quality of life can be compromised. Are you living with fear of recurrence? Do you have survivor's guilt? Do you feel like you should be now living a life filled with gratitude, but instead feel lost? Are you wondering what is that "new normal" they talk about? Do you just feel stuck?
(904) 344-5169 View (904) 344-5169
Welcome to my practice! I offer more than 27-years of experience working with children between the ages of 3 and 21. My private practice services include counseling, diagnostic evaluations as well as IEP and 504 advocacy. I have vast experience in areas of learning disabilities, ADHD, ASD, and intellectual disabilities. I know the ins and outs of MTSS, RtI, CSE, IEP, and 504 processes and always find the best way to support children. I enjoy working watching growth within families as they learn more effective ways of communication.
Welcome to my practice! I offer more than 27-years of experience working with children between the ages of 3 and 21. My private practice services include counseling, diagnostic evaluations as well as IEP and 504 advocacy. I have vast experience in areas of learning disabilities, ADHD, ASD, and intellectual disabilities. I know the ins and outs of MTSS, RtI, CSE, IEP, and 504 processes and always find the best way to support children. I enjoy working watching growth within families as they learn more effective ways of communication.
(904) 409-3753 View (904) 409-3753
Photo of Federico (Rocko) Bravo II, MSW, MCAP, CRSS
Federico (Rocko) Bravo II
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a dedicated and compassionate professional, I am committed to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and uncover the strength within themselves to grow and heal. With a background in substance abuse and social work, I offer a collaborative and empathetic approach to therapy, working with clients to explore the roots of their struggles while fostering resilience and self-discovery. I specialize in substance abuse, anxiety, & depression and use evidence-based practices, such as Recovery Dynamics & CBT, to help clients achieve meaningful change in their lives.
As a dedicated and compassionate professional, I am committed to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and uncover the strength within themselves to grow and heal. With a background in substance abuse and social work, I offer a collaborative and empathetic approach to therapy, working with clients to explore the roots of their struggles while fostering resilience and self-discovery. I specialize in substance abuse, anxiety, & depression and use evidence-based practices, such as Recovery Dynamics & CBT, to help clients achieve meaningful change in their lives.
(904) 569-7858 View (904) 569-7858

See more therapy options for 32095

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 32095

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 32095 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
90% Depression
84% Self Esteem
83% Coping Skills
78% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 32095 see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 32095?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.