Therapists in 30531

Photo of Abby Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPCS
Abby Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPCS
Cornelia, GA 30531
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia and I’ve spent over eight years helping adolescents, adults, and seniors navigate challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and life transitions. My approach to therapy is collaborative, compassionate, and tailored to each person. I believe that meaningful change happens when you feel truly seen, heard, and supported. Together, we’ll work to identify patterns, uncover strengths, and develop practical tools to help you move toward the life and peace you’re seeking.
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia and I’ve spent over eight years helping adolescents, adults, and seniors navigate challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and life transitions. My approach to therapy is collaborative, compassionate, and tailored to each person. I believe that meaningful change happens when you feel truly seen, heard, and supported. Together, we’ll work to identify patterns, uncover strengths, and develop practical tools to help you move toward the life and peace you’re seeking.
(706) 445-3353 View (706) 445-3353
Photo of Kim Page, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Kim Page
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Cornelia, GA 30531
Hi! I'm so glad you are here.You have come to this page because you are looking for something to change in your life. It may be within yourself or in a relationship.You are brave for seeking connection and for seeking support. You don't have to do it alone anymore. I'm here to come alongside of you as you navigate fears, anxieties, & unwanted behaviors. I'm passionate about this because I have journeyed through many of these places and am walking in victory! You can get free of unwanted thought patterns, painful emotions, or trauma that is keeping you stuck. We will work together to listen to the needs and desires of your soul.
Hi! I'm so glad you are here.You have come to this page because you are looking for something to change in your life. It may be within yourself or in a relationship.You are brave for seeking connection and for seeking support. You don't have to do it alone anymore. I'm here to come alongside of you as you navigate fears, anxieties, & unwanted behaviors. I'm passionate about this because I have journeyed through many of these places and am walking in victory! You can get free of unwanted thought patterns, painful emotions, or trauma that is keeping you stuck. We will work together to listen to the needs and desires of your soul.
(470) 287-5409 View (470) 287-5409
Photo of Hope Dollins, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Hope Dollins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
Hi there, I'm Hope! I am looking forward to serving you. I believe that we are all experts on ourselves and I am here to help guide you. I take a conversational approach to therapy and you will find that I am warm and welcoming. I like to find patterns of behavior and help work through those patterns to help you reach your potential. My therapeutic focal points are anxiety, stress management, anger management, depression, self-esteem development, self-advocacy development, trauma, self-harming therapy, and overall "creating a game plan".
Hi there, I'm Hope! I am looking forward to serving you. I believe that we are all experts on ourselves and I am here to help guide you. I take a conversational approach to therapy and you will find that I am warm and welcoming. I like to find patterns of behavior and help work through those patterns to help you reach your potential. My therapeutic focal points are anxiety, stress management, anger management, depression, self-esteem development, self-advocacy development, trauma, self-harming therapy, and overall "creating a game plan".
(678) 658-3205 View (678) 658-3205
Photo of Joel H Gibson Jr - Catoma Junction Counseling Supervision, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CPCS
Catoma Junction Counseling Supervision
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CPCS
Serves Area
Counseling Supervision for APC’s Only. Fridays Only. $75 per session. I do not see counseling patients in this office.
Counseling Supervision for APC’s Only. Fridays Only. $75 per session. I do not see counseling patients in this office.
(470) 570-4826 View (470) 570-4826
Photo of Jami Nelson, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jami Nelson
Pre-Licensed Professional
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You’re smart, capable, and creative—but sometimes your brain feels like it’s running on twenty tabs at once. You keep meaning to slow down, get organized, or stick to a plan, but something always gets in the way. Sound familiar? I love helping women with ADHD find ways to calm the chaos, feel more in control, and create routines that actually work for them. Many of the women I work with feel frustrated or worn out from trying to “keep up.” Together, we build simple, realistic strategies that bring more peace, confidence, and self-compassion—so you can spend less time feeling overwhelmed and more time feeling like yourself again.
You’re smart, capable, and creative—but sometimes your brain feels like it’s running on twenty tabs at once. You keep meaning to slow down, get organized, or stick to a plan, but something always gets in the way. Sound familiar? I love helping women with ADHD find ways to calm the chaos, feel more in control, and create routines that actually work for them. Many of the women I work with feel frustrated or worn out from trying to “keep up.” Together, we build simple, realistic strategies that bring more peace, confidence, and self-compassion—so you can spend less time feeling overwhelmed and more time feeling like yourself again.
(470) 516-4115 View (470) 516-4115
Photo of Laurie Elizabeth Gallman - Flourish Child and Family Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Flourish Child and Family Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Serves Area
Laurie Gallman is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Georgia. She works with children, adolescents and young adults and older adults struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders, relationship issues, family changes, grief, and executive functioning challenges.
Laurie Gallman is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Georgia. She works with children, adolescents and young adults and older adults struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders, relationship issues, family changes, grief, and executive functioning challenges.
(706) 898-4210 View (706) 898-4210
Photo of Eric C. Thurmond, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPCS
Eric C. Thurmond
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPCS
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Eric Thurmond is a Licensed Professional Counselor and native of Rabun County Georgia. He received his B.A. in Psychology from Piedmont College and his M.S. in Clinical Counseling Psychology from Brenau University. He maintains a physical office in Clayton, GA but offers telehealth services as well. He has practiced as an outpatient therapist for over 12 years and works with child, teen, and adult populations alike. It is his goal to provide the highest quality counseling services from a thought-provoking and informed Christian perspective of hope and healing.
Eric Thurmond is a Licensed Professional Counselor and native of Rabun County Georgia. He received his B.A. in Psychology from Piedmont College and his M.S. in Clinical Counseling Psychology from Brenau University. He maintains a physical office in Clayton, GA but offers telehealth services as well. He has practiced as an outpatient therapist for over 12 years and works with child, teen, and adult populations alike. It is his goal to provide the highest quality counseling services from a thought-provoking and informed Christian perspective of hope and healing.
(706) 686-3661 View (706) 686-3661
Photo of L Carina Covarrubias, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
L Carina Covarrubias
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Serves Area
Hello, would you like to begin a new process in your life and begin exploring how you can help yourself improve your problems more effectively with therapeutic tools to resolve the daily issues that kept you trapped in the same vicious cycle without knowing why they keep repeating themselves? Therapy is a process that helps you find options and life skills. Soy bilingue y hablo Espanol!
Hello, would you like to begin a new process in your life and begin exploring how you can help yourself improve your problems more effectively with therapeutic tools to resolve the daily issues that kept you trapped in the same vicious cycle without knowing why they keep repeating themselves? Therapy is a process that helps you find options and life skills. Soy bilingue y hablo Espanol!
(678) 831-9937 View (678) 831-9937
Photo of Jennifer Vaughan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Jennifer Vaughan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Serves Area
I specialize in children ages 4-12, who may struggle with anxiety, depression, life changes, behavior challenges, and social/ relational issues. I believe that for therapy to be successful with a child, you must work as a team with the those adults who are with the child the most, so I believe it is essential to partner as much as possible with parents and caretakers. Ideally, with the guardians' and childs' permission, this may also mean a pediatrician or someone from school or other trusted adult may be invited to support. Together, we can support your child as they grow into a healthy, confident, and empowered individual!
I specialize in children ages 4-12, who may struggle with anxiety, depression, life changes, behavior challenges, and social/ relational issues. I believe that for therapy to be successful with a child, you must work as a team with the those adults who are with the child the most, so I believe it is essential to partner as much as possible with parents and caretakers. Ideally, with the guardians' and childs' permission, this may also mean a pediatrician or someone from school or other trusted adult may be invited to support. Together, we can support your child as they grow into a healthy, confident, and empowered individual!
(762) 252-6109 View (762) 252-6109
Photo of Evan Page, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Evan Page
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
Hey guys! I work with older adolescents and millennial men on "life unpacking" and spiritual development with a relational, laid-back approach- it doesn't feel like the "therapy" you may be picturing! Often, we as men feel alone, discouraged, frustrated with relationships, and have a feeling that we're not living up to our potential. That's a rough way to go through life, and it doesn't have to be that way.
Hey guys! I work with older adolescents and millennial men on "life unpacking" and spiritual development with a relational, laid-back approach- it doesn't feel like the "therapy" you may be picturing! Often, we as men feel alone, discouraged, frustrated with relationships, and have a feeling that we're not living up to our potential. That's a rough way to go through life, and it doesn't have to be that way.
(706) 420-4689 View (706) 420-4689
Photo of Kimberly Page, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kimberly Page
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My approach to healing is holistic in that I believe we are spirit, soul, and body. I work on healing soul wounds through unburdening painful emotions and uprooting negative core beliefs that interfere with your ability to see yourself through God's eyes. My areas of focus in therapy are self-esteem, self-confidence, trauma, addiction, relationship struggles, motivation, and finding your purpose in life. My goal is to come alongside you in what changes you want to see in your life.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My approach to healing is holistic in that I believe we are spirit, soul, and body. I work on healing soul wounds through unburdening painful emotions and uprooting negative core beliefs that interfere with your ability to see yourself through God's eyes. My areas of focus in therapy are self-esteem, self-confidence, trauma, addiction, relationship struggles, motivation, and finding your purpose in life. My goal is to come alongside you in what changes you want to see in your life.
(470) 431-5016 View (470) 431-5016
Photo of Hailey Hoopaugh, Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Hailey Hoopaugh
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I am passionate about developing meaningful client relationships and helping teenagers and adults recognize their strengths and abilities, while empowering them to make changes that positively impact their lives! I work with individuals from all different walks of life, meeting them where they are using a nonjudgmental and open-minded approach. I tailor my treatment approach specifically to each client's individual needs. I work with a wide variety of disorders, including Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD/ADD, Eating Disorders, Grief and Loss, Substance Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Trauma, and Self-Harm.
I am passionate about developing meaningful client relationships and helping teenagers and adults recognize their strengths and abilities, while empowering them to make changes that positively impact their lives! I work with individuals from all different walks of life, meeting them where they are using a nonjudgmental and open-minded approach. I tailor my treatment approach specifically to each client's individual needs. I work with a wide variety of disorders, including Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD/ADD, Eating Disorders, Grief and Loss, Substance Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Trauma, and Self-Harm.
(404) 975-2608 View (404) 975-2608

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kazia Cortel-Fraser, Pre-Licensed Professional, LAPC
Kazia Cortel-Fraser
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAPC
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, GA 30501
Are you struggling with racing thoughts, constant worry, or the pressure to always be at your best? I know how overwhelming that can feel. In our virtual therapy sessions, I will meet you inside a calming and interactive space where you can slow down, reconnect, and begin to heal. Each session is tailored to your goals so you can feel grounded, understood, and more in control. Therapy with me at Plutonic is not just talking, it is a personal and immersive experience designed to support your growth.
Are you struggling with racing thoughts, constant worry, or the pressure to always be at your best? I know how overwhelming that can feel. In our virtual therapy sessions, I will meet you inside a calming and interactive space where you can slow down, reconnect, and begin to heal. Each session is tailored to your goals so you can feel grounded, understood, and more in control. Therapy with me at Plutonic is not just talking, it is a personal and immersive experience designed to support your growth.
(470) 619-4773 View (470) 619-4773
Photo of Tina M Wallis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Tina M Wallis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Dawsonville, GA 30534
Would you like to improve the quality of your relationships and be more fulfilled both personally and professionally? Therapy can help! Does it feel like you keep repeating the same mistakes and you can't figure out why? Are you struggling to heal from loss or past trauma? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here.
Would you like to improve the quality of your relationships and be more fulfilled both personally and professionally? Therapy can help! Does it feel like you keep repeating the same mistakes and you can't figure out why? Are you struggling to heal from loss or past trauma? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here.
(706) 490-9204 View (706) 490-9204
Photo of Nahomie Julien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII, CDVS, CAMS
Nahomie Julien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII, CDVS, CAMS
Gainesville, GA 30501
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? Whether you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or you’re a member of the LGBTQ+ community seeking a supportive environment, you deserve a safe space to heal. I’m Nahomie Julien, and I’m dedicated to providing a compassionate, safe space for you to explore your feelings and find healing. With my EMDR training and evidence-based practices, I’ll guide you on your journey toward emotional wellness, helping you unlock your potential and build resilience. You deserve a path to peace and fulfillment. Let’s take that first step together
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? Whether you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or you’re a member of the LGBTQ+ community seeking a supportive environment, you deserve a safe space to heal. I’m Nahomie Julien, and I’m dedicated to providing a compassionate, safe space for you to explore your feelings and find healing. With my EMDR training and evidence-based practices, I’ll guide you on your journey toward emotional wellness, helping you unlock your potential and build resilience. You deserve a path to peace and fulfillment. Let’s take that first step together
(678) 336-5782 View (678) 336-5782
Photo of George Wesley Evans, Pastoral Counselor
George Wesley Evans
Pastoral Counselor
Gainesville, GA 30501
As a Certified Pastoral Counselor, I work with individuals navigating the challenges of everyday life. Whether you’re dealing with anger, depression, anxiety, or simply feeling lost and without purpose, you’re not alone—we all experience these emotions at times. The good news is, they don’t have to define or control your life. If you’re struggling in your relationships or simply seeking clarity in your journey, I’m here to help. Together, we can work toward healing, personal growth, and discovering God’s plan for your life.
As a Certified Pastoral Counselor, I work with individuals navigating the challenges of everyday life. Whether you’re dealing with anger, depression, anxiety, or simply feeling lost and without purpose, you’re not alone—we all experience these emotions at times. The good news is, they don’t have to define or control your life. If you’re struggling in your relationships or simply seeking clarity in your journey, I’m here to help. Together, we can work toward healing, personal growth, and discovering God’s plan for your life.
(678) 949-5354 x770540 View (678) 949-5354 x770540
Photo of Lyndsay Mercer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Lyndsay Mercer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
4 Endorsed
Gainesville, GA 30501
Like an oak tree that rises from the ashes, I believe in the power of renewal, resilience, and transformation. Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming, but they do not define you. Instead, they are the soil from which new strength can grow. As a therapist, my passion is to walk alongside you in your journey of healing and restoration. I take a holistic approach, recognizing that true well-being comes from the harmony of mind, body, and spirit. Through thoughtful conversation, evidence-based strategies, and a deep commitment to your growth, I strive to create a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered.
Like an oak tree that rises from the ashes, I believe in the power of renewal, resilience, and transformation. Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming, but they do not define you. Instead, they are the soil from which new strength can grow. As a therapist, my passion is to walk alongside you in your journey of healing and restoration. I take a holistic approach, recognizing that true well-being comes from the harmony of mind, body, and spirit. Through thoughtful conversation, evidence-based strategies, and a deep commitment to your growth, I strive to create a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered.
(470) 288-3575 View (470) 288-3575
Photo of Sara Brisbois, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Sara Brisbois
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Serves Area
Hi! My name is Sara Brisbois and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I counsel using an integrative and interpersonal approach. I believe everyone has things that come up throughout life that they need help working through. I also believe that a therapeutic relationship alone can be incredibly healing and helpful. By creating that therapeutic relationship, I am then able to personalize therapy to best suit each client and meet them where they are through a variety of approaches.
Hi! My name is Sara Brisbois and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I counsel using an integrative and interpersonal approach. I believe everyone has things that come up throughout life that they need help working through. I also believe that a therapeutic relationship alone can be incredibly healing and helpful. By creating that therapeutic relationship, I am then able to personalize therapy to best suit each client and meet them where they are through a variety of approaches.
(404) 948-5534 View (404) 948-5534
Photo of Chris Womack, Pre-Licensed Professional, APC
Chris Womack
Pre-Licensed Professional, APC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you ever feel stuck in a cycle — like your own personal Groundhog Day — finding yourself in the same arguments, anxious thoughts, or emotional spirals that lead to depressed moods, chronic stress, and disconnection from others and the world around you? Do you feel like your emotions are running the show, making you reactive, instead of helping you show up as your most authentic self? Maybe you’re in a different season of life, trying to navigate the challenges of being a teenager, stepping into college life, or beginning your career. Or perhaps you come from a faith background, but you're wrestling with the "already but not yet"
Do you ever feel stuck in a cycle — like your own personal Groundhog Day — finding yourself in the same arguments, anxious thoughts, or emotional spirals that lead to depressed moods, chronic stress, and disconnection from others and the world around you? Do you feel like your emotions are running the show, making you reactive, instead of helping you show up as your most authentic self? Maybe you’re in a different season of life, trying to navigate the challenges of being a teenager, stepping into college life, or beginning your career. Or perhaps you come from a faith background, but you're wrestling with the "already but not yet"
(470) 649-1132 View (470) 649-1132
Photo of Tiny Planet Counseling - Tiny Planet Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiny Planet Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
3 Endorsed
Gainesville, GA 30501
Tiny Planet Counseling has over 25 providers available for you to find your best match. We offer online sessions and have three metro Atlanta locations. We have a unique matching process to help you find the perfect fit. We accept many insurances, have reasonable self-pay and sliding scale rates, and take HSA/FSA. We have a range of providers, including Masters level interns allowing us to see clients for as low as $25 per session, based on need. We have appointment availability throughout the week, including Saturdays and Sundays. We offer early morning and late evening appointments.
Tiny Planet Counseling has over 25 providers available for you to find your best match. We offer online sessions and have three metro Atlanta locations. We have a unique matching process to help you find the perfect fit. We accept many insurances, have reasonable self-pay and sliding scale rates, and take HSA/FSA. We have a range of providers, including Masters level interns allowing us to see clients for as low as $25 per session, based on need. We have appointment availability throughout the week, including Saturdays and Sundays. We offer early morning and late evening appointments.
(404) 383-6748 View (404) 383-6748

See more therapy options for 30531

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 30531

10+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in 30531 who prioritize treating:

83% Depression
83% Anxiety
67% ADHD
67% Parenting
67% Family Conflict
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
86% BlueCross and BlueShield
86% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 30531 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
27% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 30531?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.