Therapists in 28704

Photo of Ashley Decker, Pre-Licensed Professional, LCMHCA
Ashley Decker
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCMHCA
Arden, NC 28704
A strong sense of support is among our most fundamental needs that relies on a foundation of trust and acceptance. Human connection can help to increase confidence and lead to new discoveries, while a lack of support may leave us feeling unheard, misunderstood, and discouraged. My presence in your life will be based on your specific needs as they relate to mental, emotional, and behavioral challenges, trauma, and goals you seek to achieve. I offer holistic therapeutic care to individuals in all life stages, utilizing solution-focused techniques, cognitive behavioral methods, and authentic encounters to empower enduring change.
A strong sense of support is among our most fundamental needs that relies on a foundation of trust and acceptance. Human connection can help to increase confidence and lead to new discoveries, while a lack of support may leave us feeling unheard, misunderstood, and discouraged. My presence in your life will be based on your specific needs as they relate to mental, emotional, and behavioral challenges, trauma, and goals you seek to achieve. I offer holistic therapeutic care to individuals in all life stages, utilizing solution-focused techniques, cognitive behavioral methods, and authentic encounters to empower enduring change.
(828) 471-4313 View (828) 471-4313
Photo of George Louis Lindenfeld, Psychologist, Ph D,, ABPP
George Louis Lindenfeld
Psychologist, Ph D,, ABPP
Arden, NC 28704
Stress often affects relationships with partners, family, and friends, particularly when an unexpected change occurs. We all seek to create hope, passion, and balance in our lives. It is usually puzzling to understand the stress triggers that set off our emotional reactions. Quite often, these negative feelings seem overwhelming and often lead to a loss of hope. My goal is to help you experience your full potential and passion for life again, regardless of what has happened to you. I have come to understand the complex challenges that can negatively affect your quality of life. I can assist you to regain resiliency once again.
Stress often affects relationships with partners, family, and friends, particularly when an unexpected change occurs. We all seek to create hope, passion, and balance in our lives. It is usually puzzling to understand the stress triggers that set off our emotional reactions. Quite often, these negative feelings seem overwhelming and often lead to a loss of hope. My goal is to help you experience your full potential and passion for life again, regardless of what has happened to you. I have come to understand the complex challenges that can negatively affect your quality of life. I can assist you to regain resiliency once again.
(828) 237-4138 View (828) 237-4138
Photo of Craig K. Beckner, Counselor, MA, NCC, LCMHCA
Craig K. Beckner
Counselor, MA, NCC, LCMHCA
4 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
If you are seeking insight and growth as well as fierce empathy from someone who has been on both sides of the counseling relationship, I could be a great fit for you! I am here to build your resources & resilience, help you turn your challenges and ambitions into meaningful goals, and guide you towards peace and joy. There is meaning in the challenges we face, and therapy can transform your life in practical and profound ways. I want to use your strengths, and I am deeply interested in what makes you uniquely you. If you, your child or you and your partner are interested, I am happy to walk alongside you towards this aim!
If you are seeking insight and growth as well as fierce empathy from someone who has been on both sides of the counseling relationship, I could be a great fit for you! I am here to build your resources & resilience, help you turn your challenges and ambitions into meaningful goals, and guide you towards peace and joy. There is meaning in the challenges we face, and therapy can transform your life in practical and profound ways. I want to use your strengths, and I am deeply interested in what makes you uniquely you. If you, your child or you and your partner are interested, I am happy to walk alongside you towards this aim!
(828) 761-3738 View (828) 761-3738
Photo of Jennifer Gill, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, LCMHCA, NBCC, MA
Jennifer Gill
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, LCMHCA, NBCC, MA
Arden, NC 28704
Hi! Thanks for stopping by my profile. I’m Jennifer Gill, a Montreat College graduate who’s worked in public health with all ages to address their mental health needs since 2020. I focus on working with children & adolescents, but I also have had great success working with individuals with ADHD and mood disorders. Currently I am an associate working under Katherine Therrell LPC, PLLC, who has served the greater WNC area for over 38 years. I am licensed by the state of NC to practice as a Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate.
Hi! Thanks for stopping by my profile. I’m Jennifer Gill, a Montreat College graduate who’s worked in public health with all ages to address their mental health needs since 2020. I focus on working with children & adolescents, but I also have had great success working with individuals with ADHD and mood disorders. Currently I am an associate working under Katherine Therrell LPC, PLLC, who has served the greater WNC area for over 38 years. I am licensed by the state of NC to practice as a Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate.
(828) 989-6090 View (828) 989-6090
Photo of Robin Ann Avery, Psychologist, PhD
Robin Ann Avery
Psychologist, PhD
Arden, NC 28704
Dr. Avery places value on the lessons learned from all of life’s experiences. Her wisdom draws from the gifts of the natural world, the cultural and performing arts, mindfulness, and her belief in empowering people to find their own unique gifts, talents, and wisdom to create more meaningful connections and purposefulliving.
Dr. Avery places value on the lessons learned from all of life’s experiences. Her wisdom draws from the gifts of the natural world, the cultural and performing arts, mindfulness, and her belief in empowering people to find their own unique gifts, talents, and wisdom to create more meaningful connections and purposefulliving.
(828) 392-7795 View (828) 392-7795
Photo of Kristin Rappold, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, CCS
Kristin Rappold
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, CCS
Arden, NC 28704
I believe we all have behaviors, vices and patterns that get in the way of living in a way that is rich in meaning and purpose. I care deeply about helping people explore their patterns of getting their needs met, from a place of non-judgement and compassion. I integrate relational neuroscience with an understanding of how substances and painful experiences intersect leading to feeling stuck, alone and exacerbate suffering.
I believe we all have behaviors, vices and patterns that get in the way of living in a way that is rich in meaning and purpose. I care deeply about helping people explore their patterns of getting their needs met, from a place of non-judgement and compassion. I integrate relational neuroscience with an understanding of how substances and painful experiences intersect leading to feeling stuck, alone and exacerbate suffering.
(828) 547-3442 View (828) 547-3442
Photo of Maegan McCain, Counselor, LCMHCA, LRT, CTRS
Maegan McCain
Counselor, LCMHCA, LRT, CTRS
1 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
I hold space for those longing to be seen, heard, cared for, and believed. I work with children, adolescents, and young adults navigating trauma, ADHD, identity exploration, or life as a current or former competitive athlete. For younger clients (4+), I offer recreational therapy (RT): a playful, purpose-driven alternative to traditional therapy. Whether in counseling or RT, clients find a warm space where they don’t have to mask or perform—just room for humor, honest processing, and real-life change.
I hold space for those longing to be seen, heard, cared for, and believed. I work with children, adolescents, and young adults navigating trauma, ADHD, identity exploration, or life as a current or former competitive athlete. For younger clients (4+), I offer recreational therapy (RT): a playful, purpose-driven alternative to traditional therapy. Whether in counseling or RT, clients find a warm space where they don’t have to mask or perform—just room for humor, honest processing, and real-life change.
(828) 574-6137 View (828) 574-6137
Photo of Donna Lockaby-Morrow, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP
Donna Lockaby-Morrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP
Arden, NC 28704
Are you struggling with a life transition? Need help with an important but complicated relationship? Have you experienced loss? Do you feel overwhelmed and anxious? I am here to help. Together we will explore ways to build the life and connections you long for.
Are you struggling with a life transition? Need help with an important but complicated relationship? Have you experienced loss? Do you feel overwhelmed and anxious? I am here to help. Together we will explore ways to build the life and connections you long for.
(828) 624-5088 View (828) 624-5088
Photo of Austin Garceau - Solution Oriented Counseling PLLC, Counselor, LCMHCS, LCASA
Solution Oriented Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LCMHCS, LCASA
2 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
Are you ready to make lasting changes in your life but not sure where to start? With over 10 years of experience in the mental health field, I help individuals overcome life’s challenges by focusing on practical, solution-driven strategies that create lasting change. Whether you’re facing anxiety, stress, depression, relationship struggles, or grief I work with you to identify your strengths and resources, helping you move forward with confidence and clarity.
Are you ready to make lasting changes in your life but not sure where to start? With over 10 years of experience in the mental health field, I help individuals overcome life’s challenges by focusing on practical, solution-driven strategies that create lasting change. Whether you’re facing anxiety, stress, depression, relationship struggles, or grief I work with you to identify your strengths and resources, helping you move forward with confidence and clarity.
(828) 784-8795 View (828) 784-8795
Photo of Katie Salmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CCS
Katie Salmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CCS
1 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
I was a teenager and young adult that experienced unhappiness and anger. I even thought therapy wouldn’t help… so I avoided therapy until it was really needed. I wished I got therapy sooner as I found resilience and empowerment to be the best version of myself and that is what I hope to do for you. I primarily work with pre-adolescents, adolescents, and young adults who struggle with various types of trauma, anger, anxiety, depression with or without self injurious behaviors and suicidal ideation, all types of addiction. (Also, I am licensed in NC, SC, VA and CT).
I was a teenager and young adult that experienced unhappiness and anger. I even thought therapy wouldn’t help… so I avoided therapy until it was really needed. I wished I got therapy sooner as I found resilience and empowerment to be the best version of myself and that is what I hope to do for you. I primarily work with pre-adolescents, adolescents, and young adults who struggle with various types of trauma, anger, anxiety, depression with or without self injurious behaviors and suicidal ideation, all types of addiction. (Also, I am licensed in NC, SC, VA and CT).
(828) 818-9107 View (828) 818-9107
Photo of Andrea Bishop, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andrea Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Arden, NC 28704
I look at your concerns in the context of your childhood experiences, your current family and your life environments. These patterns repeat themselves. People pick up on cues that communicate what you expect out of them and what they expect out of you. These patterns are no accident, you create them! The good news is you can change them! You are like a magnet, and I help you identify what you're attracting and we change your patterns of attraction to healthy ones. It takes practice, but it can be done, and it will affect the rest of your life!
I look at your concerns in the context of your childhood experiences, your current family and your life environments. These patterns repeat themselves. People pick up on cues that communicate what you expect out of them and what they expect out of you. These patterns are no accident, you create them! The good news is you can change them! You are like a magnet, and I help you identify what you're attracting and we change your patterns of attraction to healthy ones. It takes practice, but it can be done, and it will affect the rest of your life!
(828) 333-7816 View (828) 333-7816
Photo of Alexis (Lexi) Peacock, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Alexis (Lexi) Peacock
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC
5 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
I’m the right fit for you if you are looking for someone to be authentic with you. Life has a way of giving us more than we feel we can handle sometimes, individually, in our relationships or as a family. It takes bravery to step outside of the patterns that we are stuck in and do something different. Experiences, trauma, anxiety, depression, you name it, can throw barriers our way to feel like it's impossible to thrive. It IS possible to live a secure, confident and productive life, even if you do not feel that way right now.
I’m the right fit for you if you are looking for someone to be authentic with you. Life has a way of giving us more than we feel we can handle sometimes, individually, in our relationships or as a family. It takes bravery to step outside of the patterns that we are stuck in and do something different. Experiences, trauma, anxiety, depression, you name it, can throw barriers our way to feel like it's impossible to thrive. It IS possible to live a secure, confident and productive life, even if you do not feel that way right now.
(828) 888-9249 View (828) 888-9249
Photo of Bree Normandin, Counselor, LCMHC
Bree Normandin
Counselor, LCMHC
Arden, NC 28704
Welcome to my therapeutic space. I am honored to guide you on your journey toward healing and growth. As an LCMHC, my approach to therapy combines Adlerian psychology, person-centered therapy, attachment theory, and IFS to create a supportive environment where every client feels understood and valued. I specialize in treating addiction, anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My approach is tailored to help you overcome these challenges and achieve personal growth.
Welcome to my therapeutic space. I am honored to guide you on your journey toward healing and growth. As an LCMHC, my approach to therapy combines Adlerian psychology, person-centered therapy, attachment theory, and IFS to create a supportive environment where every client feels understood and valued. I specialize in treating addiction, anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My approach is tailored to help you overcome these challenges and achieve personal growth.
(980) 473-7133 View (980) 473-7133
Photo of John Caprell, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
John Caprell
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Arden, NC 28704
Having benefited from therapy myself, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most powerful tool for healing. My long-term clients appreciate my warm yet direct approach, and I often incorporate humor into our sessions because I believe that "laughter is medicine." I combine evidence based modalities, therapeutic connection, and empathy to be able to connect with my clients to assist them with being able to grow into their greatest potential.
Having benefited from therapy myself, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most powerful tool for healing. My long-term clients appreciate my warm yet direct approach, and I often incorporate humor into our sessions because I believe that "laughter is medicine." I combine evidence based modalities, therapeutic connection, and empathy to be able to connect with my clients to assist them with being able to grow into their greatest potential.
(828) 574-6522 View (828) 574-6522
Photo of Aubrey Van Patten, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Aubrey Van Patten
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
2 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
Perhaps you've found yourself stuck in the same old familiar patterns in your relationships, your responses, or your thinking patterns and they just aren't working for you anymore. Maybe it feels impossible to hope that things could ever feel any different. If you've been treading water for some time now, you deserve some solid ground. I have six years of experience supporting individuals and families in navigating life's stressors and curveballs and am incredibly grateful for the trust they extend to me to allow me to walk alongside them in this.
Perhaps you've found yourself stuck in the same old familiar patterns in your relationships, your responses, or your thinking patterns and they just aren't working for you anymore. Maybe it feels impossible to hope that things could ever feel any different. If you've been treading water for some time now, you deserve some solid ground. I have six years of experience supporting individuals and families in navigating life's stressors and curveballs and am incredibly grateful for the trust they extend to me to allow me to walk alongside them in this.
(828) 360-8022 View (828) 360-8022
Photo of Dr. Ziska Maria, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Ziska Maria
Psychologist, PsyD
Arden, NC 28704
I specialize in working with couples, individuals and parents of children of all ages, with certification in ages 0-5. I support individuals and partners preparing for and navigating pregnancy and managing the complex stress of parenting. I am highly effective at helping couples rebuild trust and heal from infidelity, affairs, addiction or other loss of trust. I believe you are the expert on yourself, your child, and your family. I will partner with you as a neutral, nonjudgmental support, lending my expertise as a holistic doctoral-level psychologist, to help find solutions, develop coping skills, and increase self awareness.
I specialize in working with couples, individuals and parents of children of all ages, with certification in ages 0-5. I support individuals and partners preparing for and navigating pregnancy and managing the complex stress of parenting. I am highly effective at helping couples rebuild trust and heal from infidelity, affairs, addiction or other loss of trust. I believe you are the expert on yourself, your child, and your family. I will partner with you as a neutral, nonjudgmental support, lending my expertise as a holistic doctoral-level psychologist, to help find solutions, develop coping skills, and increase self awareness.
(828) 662-9837 View (828) 662-9837
Photo of Insight Recovery - Insight Recovery, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, CADC
Insight Recovery
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, CADC
Arden, NC 28704
Our clinician-founded and operated recovery center offers a mindfulness-based, comprehensive, evidence based, and integrative approach to recovery. We give you the individual attention you deserve; you are truly seen and heard on an individual level. When it comes to addiction treatment we strongly believe in the value of quality over quantity. Therefore we have intentionally created our program to be a small, client focused program treating only 16 individuals at a time. We offer Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient, and Outpatient levels of care.
Our clinician-founded and operated recovery center offers a mindfulness-based, comprehensive, evidence based, and integrative approach to recovery. We give you the individual attention you deserve; you are truly seen and heard on an individual level. When it comes to addiction treatment we strongly believe in the value of quality over quantity. Therefore we have intentionally created our program to be a small, client focused program treating only 16 individuals at a time. We offer Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient, and Outpatient levels of care.
(828) 332-5323 View (828) 332-5323
Photo of Marvin Cotten - A Hope and A Future Psychiatry, PLLC, PA-C
A Hope and A Future Psychiatry, PLLC
Verified Verified
Arden, NC 28704
The ordinary middle: where most regular folks find the right level of care for their mental health challenges. A specialist, as your situation goes beyond the primary care setting. But this side of the opposite extreme, those complex, serious cases requiring a psychiatrist in-person. Your situation is in the middle range, and you need a listening ear, compassionate understanding, and safe and effective medication. This is where we can help: focused attention by a psychiatric specialist Advanced Practice Provider through convenient and comfortable virtual appointments from the privacy of your home, office, or wherever you care to be.
The ordinary middle: where most regular folks find the right level of care for their mental health challenges. A specialist, as your situation goes beyond the primary care setting. But this side of the opposite extreme, those complex, serious cases requiring a psychiatrist in-person. Your situation is in the middle range, and you need a listening ear, compassionate understanding, and safe and effective medication. This is where we can help: focused attention by a psychiatric specialist Advanced Practice Provider through convenient and comfortable virtual appointments from the privacy of your home, office, or wherever you care to be.
(828) 332-5446 View (828) 332-5446
Photo of Katherine Therrell, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LCMHC
Katherine Therrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LCMHC
3 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
My clients are adults, adolescents, and children who need help coping with anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, abuse, educational/employment situations, family dynamics, or other problems impacting their mental health. Though I practice Cognative Behavioral Therapy, I employ a variety of methods including "talk therapy", EMDR, sand therapy, and play therapy, depending upon individual need. I strive to provide unconditional acceptance and support to my clients as they work to achieve their counseling goals. I accept Medicaid and most private insurance.
My clients are adults, adolescents, and children who need help coping with anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, abuse, educational/employment situations, family dynamics, or other problems impacting their mental health. Though I practice Cognative Behavioral Therapy, I employ a variety of methods including "talk therapy", EMDR, sand therapy, and play therapy, depending upon individual need. I strive to provide unconditional acceptance and support to my clients as they work to achieve their counseling goals. I accept Medicaid and most private insurance.
(828) 565-1925 View (828) 565-1925
Photo of Kristin Gonitzke, Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, LMFT
Kristin Gonitzke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Arden, NC 28704
If you keep having the same arguments, feeling anxious in your relationships, or wondering why connection feels harder than it should, you’re not alone. Many people look capable on the outside while feeling overwhelmed or disconnected inside. You might find yourself holding back, walking on eggshells, or feeling disconnected from your partner or even from yourself. Therapy offers a steady place to slow down, feel understood, and begin changing patterns that keep you stuck, whether you’re coming on your own or with a partner.
If you keep having the same arguments, feeling anxious in your relationships, or wondering why connection feels harder than it should, you’re not alone. Many people look capable on the outside while feeling overwhelmed or disconnected inside. You might find yourself holding back, walking on eggshells, or feeling disconnected from your partner or even from yourself. Therapy offers a steady place to slow down, feel understood, and begin changing patterns that keep you stuck, whether you’re coming on your own or with a partner.
(828) 761-3975 View (828) 761-3975

See more therapy options for 28704

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 28704

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 28704 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
65% Grief
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
88% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 28704 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 28704?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.