Photo of Beatrice Andres, Licensed Professional Counselor, SEP, LCMHC, NCC, Somatic
Beatrice Andres
Licensed Professional Counselor, SEP, LCMHC, NCC, Somatic
3 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC), Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), and a Transforming Touch® Therapist.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC), Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), and a Transforming Touch® Therapist.
(984) 205-7210 View (984) 205-7210
Photo of Dr. Dana Lebo, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Dana Lebo
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you looking for support to master life's challenges, break free of ineffective patterns of behavior & improve your mental health & well-being? With over two decades of experience, I am passionate about helping individuals enhance their performance & better manage anxiety, life transitions, trauma, depression, pain, sleep, and more. My approach to therapy is grounded in mind-body, non-pharmacological techniques for dealing with the complexities & stress of busy home, school, work, sports & family lives. Additionally, I am credentialed to practice teletherapy in 36 states listed on the PsyPact Map at psypact.org under Quick Links.
Are you looking for support to master life's challenges, break free of ineffective patterns of behavior & improve your mental health & well-being? With over two decades of experience, I am passionate about helping individuals enhance their performance & better manage anxiety, life transitions, trauma, depression, pain, sleep, and more. My approach to therapy is grounded in mind-body, non-pharmacological techniques for dealing with the complexities & stress of busy home, school, work, sports & family lives. Additionally, I am credentialed to practice teletherapy in 36 states listed on the PsyPact Map at psypact.org under Quick Links.
(919) 276-8758 View (919) 276-8758
Photo of Erin Dey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erin Dey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Hi there! My name is Erin Dey and I am a licensed clinical social worker located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. I have a masters’ degree from Columbia University, and I specialize in helping clients successfully navigate challenging life transitions. I work with individuals of all ages, families, couples, and groups both in person as well as online.
Hi there! My name is Erin Dey and I am a licensed clinical social worker located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. I have a masters’ degree from Columbia University, and I specialize in helping clients successfully navigate challenging life transitions. I work with individuals of all ages, families, couples, and groups both in person as well as online.
(980) 372-3559 View (980) 372-3559
Photo of Ismael Santillano, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LCMHCA
Ismael Santillano
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LCMHCA
3 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Are you struggling to find a path to emotional well-being? As an LCMHCA with 7 years of experience, I am here to guide you through these challenging times. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, OCD, life transitions, work-life balance, or are just seeking personal development, I am here to support you on your journey to a happier and more fulfilling life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Are you struggling to find a path to emotional well-being? As an LCMHCA with 7 years of experience, I am here to guide you through these challenging times. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, OCD, life transitions, work-life balance, or are just seeking personal development, I am here to support you on your journey to a happier and more fulfilling life.
(984) 314-3638 View (984) 314-3638
Photo of Sherise Swensen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Sherise Swensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Waitlist for new clients
Sherise Swensen, MSW, LCSW believes in authenticity and living life in accordance with one’s own values. She has experience and interest in working with a variety of client experiences, including mood and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, life transitions, and grief.
Sherise Swensen, MSW, LCSW believes in authenticity and living life in accordance with one’s own values. She has experience and interest in working with a variety of client experiences, including mood and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, life transitions, and grief.
(984) 207-5995 View (984) 207-5995
Photo of Gina Boyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
Gina Boyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
3 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space for you to be witnessed, understood, and gently challenged to take action on what you truly value most. It's an opportunity for you to enhance your total well-being & deepen your engagement in life. I work best with individuals who are interested in understanding how they got stuck & who want to develop the skills & insights to move forward in ways which are meaningful to them. I utilize a holistic approach attuned to your needs & I truly listen.
Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space for you to be witnessed, understood, and gently challenged to take action on what you truly value most. It's an opportunity for you to enhance your total well-being & deepen your engagement in life. I work best with individuals who are interested in understanding how they got stuck & who want to develop the skills & insights to move forward in ways which are meaningful to them. I utilize a holistic approach attuned to your needs & I truly listen.
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Photo of Linda Brandt Hammock, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, LCMHC
Linda Brandt Hammock
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
At Serenity4U you'll find the support needed to tackle the intricacies of mental health challenges and/or substance use (whether it concerns yourself or a loved one). Linda leans on a lifetime of professional experience —as well as her personal journey—to assist her clients in finding hope as they take steps toward recovery. In addition to working with adults with diverse concerns, Linda has expertise in working with young people who are struggling with substance related issues and their parents.
At Serenity4U you'll find the support needed to tackle the intricacies of mental health challenges and/or substance use (whether it concerns yourself or a loved one). Linda leans on a lifetime of professional experience —as well as her personal journey—to assist her clients in finding hope as they take steps toward recovery. In addition to working with adults with diverse concerns, Linda has expertise in working with young people who are struggling with substance related issues and their parents.
(336) 523-0726 View (336) 523-0726
Photo of Brooke Miller Schmaling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Brooke Miller Schmaling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Not accepting new clients
I have been a practicing psychotherapist for over 16 years. My approach to therapy is to create a respectful, supportive, and non-judgmental environment in which to explore problems and patterns and work toward health and healing. Anxiety, depression, school and relationship issues, and family adjustment to loss, separation or divorce are some of the more common reasons individuals and families seek my consultation. Our work may be focused on understanding problems, developing skills to more effectively manage symptoms or behaviors, or improving relationships. I also provide support to parents with managing children's behaviors.
I have been a practicing psychotherapist for over 16 years. My approach to therapy is to create a respectful, supportive, and non-judgmental environment in which to explore problems and patterns and work toward health and healing. Anxiety, depression, school and relationship issues, and family adjustment to loss, separation or divorce are some of the more common reasons individuals and families seek my consultation. Our work may be focused on understanding problems, developing skills to more effectively manage symptoms or behaviors, or improving relationships. I also provide support to parents with managing children's behaviors.
(203) 903-9706 View (203) 903-9706
Photo of Renee White, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Renee White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome! My approach to therapy is rooted in building a strong, trusting relationship where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. I believe that understanding the patterns in your relationships—past and present—can offer powerful insights into what's happening in your life today. Together, we'll explore how your experiences, unconscious feelings, and early relationships might be influencing your current thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. I love working with people of all ages and have a lot of experience with supporting youth making the transition to adulthood.
Welcome! My approach to therapy is rooted in building a strong, trusting relationship where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. I believe that understanding the patterns in your relationships—past and present—can offer powerful insights into what's happening in your life today. Together, we'll explore how your experiences, unconscious feelings, and early relationships might be influencing your current thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. I love working with people of all ages and have a lot of experience with supporting youth making the transition to adulthood.
(984) 313-9815 View (984) 313-9815
Photo of Lisa G Boado, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LCMHCS, CCMHC
Lisa G Boado
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LCMHCS, CCMHC
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to provide a safe space in which to learn coping skills, heal or to find solutions to a life issue. You may not need "healing" but just someone to help with your partner, children, parents, work, or other areas that can be difficult. I will meet you where you are emotionally and together we will work on the plan to meet your goals. I want you to put your feet on my couch, bring your dog and be comfortable. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Certified Clinical Mental Heath Counselor and a Certified Hypnotherapist. If you want to stay in the comfort of your own space, I am also a Certified Distance Counselor.
My goal is to provide a safe space in which to learn coping skills, heal or to find solutions to a life issue. You may not need "healing" but just someone to help with your partner, children, parents, work, or other areas that can be difficult. I will meet you where you are emotionally and together we will work on the plan to meet your goals. I want you to put your feet on my couch, bring your dog and be comfortable. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Certified Clinical Mental Heath Counselor and a Certified Hypnotherapist. If you want to stay in the comfort of your own space, I am also a Certified Distance Counselor.
(910) 370-8395 View (910) 370-8395
Photo of Sandee Nebel, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, LCMHC, LPCMHSP, CEDS-C
Sandee Nebel
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, LCMHC, LPCMHSP, CEDS-C
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with adjusting to change? Are past traumas keeping you stuck? There are so many changes universally right now and they can be overwhelming. Even adapting to what we are referring to as "normalcy" is different and new. Or, do you have some issues with feeling confident in one or more areas of your life? I get it. Sometimes clients come to me for guidance with their relationships, yet their work situation is mostly satisfying. And still others would like to feel more comfortable in their family role, professional role, or even in their roles in general. Some want to feel at home in their bodies and don't know how.
Are you struggling with adjusting to change? Are past traumas keeping you stuck? There are so many changes universally right now and they can be overwhelming. Even adapting to what we are referring to as "normalcy" is different and new. Or, do you have some issues with feeling confident in one or more areas of your life? I get it. Sometimes clients come to me for guidance with their relationships, yet their work situation is mostly satisfying. And still others would like to feel more comfortable in their family role, professional role, or even in their roles in general. Some want to feel at home in their bodies and don't know how.
(336) 438-2599 View (336) 438-2599
Myra Schneider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Online Only
I have been providing individual, couples, and family therapy for over 35 years. Areas of specialty in my clinical practice include couple/family relational issues, anxiety, depression, stress and health, life transitions, and work systems issues. Anxiety may interfere with a person's ability to think clearly at times of stress or crisis and may impede their finding a course of action. Through the initial assessment phase and as therapy progresses, the ability to think more calmly and objectively about a problem can return. A person may then more effectively address the inevitable challenges in relationships and in life.
I have been providing individual, couples, and family therapy for over 35 years. Areas of specialty in my clinical practice include couple/family relational issues, anxiety, depression, stress and health, life transitions, and work systems issues. Anxiety may interfere with a person's ability to think clearly at times of stress or crisis and may impede their finding a course of action. Through the initial assessment phase and as therapy progresses, the ability to think more calmly and objectively about a problem can return. A person may then more effectively address the inevitable challenges in relationships and in life.
(743) 800-2121 View (743) 800-2121
Photo of Carolina Counseling Services, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor
Carolina Counseling Services
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
I believe in each person's inherent strength and resiliency. The fact that you are reading this indicates that you have the courage to take some of the most important steps in your healing and growth...recognizing your life is out of balance and choosing to seek help. I will work with you in partnership to identify and change the old self-defeating behaviors & beliefs that keep you stuck in unhealthy and unfulfilling patterns of life. I believe that we all may be influenced by our past & our circumstances, but we are not defined by them.
I believe in each person's inherent strength and resiliency. The fact that you are reading this indicates that you have the courage to take some of the most important steps in your healing and growth...recognizing your life is out of balance and choosing to seek help. I will work with you in partnership to identify and change the old self-defeating behaviors & beliefs that keep you stuck in unhealthy and unfulfilling patterns of life. I believe that we all may be influenced by our past & our circumstances, but we are not defined by them.
(984) 334-0360 View (984) 334-0360
Photo of James Goldberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
James Goldberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
I specialize in meeting with people experiencing anxiety, attention difficulty, impulsive/risk-taking behaviors, depression, and interpersonal conflict. My first priority is in collaborating with my clients to create spaces where change feels possible. I am especially attentive to the ideas of reducing stigma surrounding mental health care, trust associated with strict confidentiality, and increasing motivation using strengths- and evidence-based techniques.
I specialize in meeting with people experiencing anxiety, attention difficulty, impulsive/risk-taking behaviors, depression, and interpersonal conflict. My first priority is in collaborating with my clients to create spaces where change feels possible. I am especially attentive to the ideas of reducing stigma surrounding mental health care, trust associated with strict confidentiality, and increasing motivation using strengths- and evidence-based techniques.
(984) 374-1505 x1 View (984) 374-1505 x1
Photo of Kevin Metz, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Kevin Metz
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
My approach to psychotherapy is that of a humanist; that is, successful therapy results in your continued evolution into your true self. My therapeutic style is gentle and engaged, and I respect your intelligence. I strive to provide an atmosphere of care and compassion which allows you to curiously explore what events, past and present are contributing to your challenges. It's important to me to take the time to understand your values and desires so that our work is grounded in how you see yourself.
My approach to psychotherapy is that of a humanist; that is, successful therapy results in your continued evolution into your true self. My therapeutic style is gentle and engaged, and I respect your intelligence. I strive to provide an atmosphere of care and compassion which allows you to curiously explore what events, past and present are contributing to your challenges. It's important to me to take the time to understand your values and desires so that our work is grounded in how you see yourself.
(919) 648-4087 View (919) 648-4087
Photo of Anna Conway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA, LCASA
Anna Conway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA, LCASA
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Not accepting new clients
I recognize how challenging and uncomfortable it can be to reach out for professional support, and the importance of feeling understood and validated without judgement. I value a holistic approach to wellness – mental, emotional, physical, spiritual, and relational - and am committed to providing support which welcomes and honors all parts of you. Through collaborative work together, I strive to provide an atmosphere of warmth and safety where your personal wellness goals can be addressed and achieved. I value the opportunity to work with you and look forward to speaking soon!
I recognize how challenging and uncomfortable it can be to reach out for professional support, and the importance of feeling understood and validated without judgement. I value a holistic approach to wellness – mental, emotional, physical, spiritual, and relational - and am committed to providing support which welcomes and honors all parts of you. Through collaborative work together, I strive to provide an atmosphere of warmth and safety where your personal wellness goals can be addressed and achieved. I value the opportunity to work with you and look forward to speaking soon!
(919) 800-0960 View (919) 800-0960
Photo of Jarrett McGinnis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Jarrett McGinnis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
You’ve known easier times, or you know they’re out there and you’re looking for them. You're taking action to feel better in the face of challenge and that’s a big deal. You deserve the support of someone familiar with challenging times. The empathy and proactive engagement you'll come to expect in your work with me, come from a place of understanding the urgency for resolution that accompanies pain. You have the capacity to learn and grow in the ways necessary to find relief, peace of mind, connection with others, and a sense of competence in the activities that are important to you.
You’ve known easier times, or you know they’re out there and you’re looking for them. You're taking action to feel better in the face of challenge and that’s a big deal. You deserve the support of someone familiar with challenging times. The empathy and proactive engagement you'll come to expect in your work with me, come from a place of understanding the urgency for resolution that accompanies pain. You have the capacity to learn and grow in the ways necessary to find relief, peace of mind, connection with others, and a sense of competence in the activities that are important to you.
(828) 618-5067 View (828) 618-5067
Photo of Kayleen Schepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Kayleen Schepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Waitlist for new clients
Taking the step to find a therapist can be overwhelming. I am glad you are here. My goal is to provide a safe space for self-exploration, change, and healing. I work with children, teenagers, and adults dealing with a variety of challenges, including painful feelings, emotional numbness, undesired behaviors, unhelpful thinking, mood challenges, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, interpersonal conflict, life changes, and ongoing stress. My approach is trauma-informed, strength-based, compassionate, collaborative, and empowering. I see you, I am here for you, and I believe in you.
Taking the step to find a therapist can be overwhelming. I am glad you are here. My goal is to provide a safe space for self-exploration, change, and healing. I work with children, teenagers, and adults dealing with a variety of challenges, including painful feelings, emotional numbness, undesired behaviors, unhelpful thinking, mood challenges, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, interpersonal conflict, life changes, and ongoing stress. My approach is trauma-informed, strength-based, compassionate, collaborative, and empowering. I see you, I am here for you, and I believe in you.
(833) 996-0443 x1 View (833) 996-0443 x1
Photo of Shea McGinnis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA, LCAS, CSI
Shea McGinnis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA, LCAS, CSI
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Are you consumed by worry and overwhelm? So much so that it is easier to just stay home. Feeling totally isolated and alone in your stress and unmotivated to do anything today? Wondering what happened to the person you used to know and want to rediscover yourself? Or, you may be experiencing immense shame and guilt nearly every day. Are you finding your relationships challenging to navigate? Not knowing how to say what you need and want to say? Or, you may be struggling to break addictive patterns and feeling desperate for change.
Are you consumed by worry and overwhelm? So much so that it is easier to just stay home. Feeling totally isolated and alone in your stress and unmotivated to do anything today? Wondering what happened to the person you used to know and want to rediscover yourself? Or, you may be experiencing immense shame and guilt nearly every day. Are you finding your relationships challenging to navigate? Not knowing how to say what you need and want to say? Or, you may be struggling to break addictive patterns and feeling desperate for change.
(828) 373-3186 View (828) 373-3186
Photo of Kate Gotelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP, CDWF, CSC
Kate Gotelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP, CDWF, CSC
1 Endorsed
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
To mindfully awaken is to become conscious in the here and now while integrating all of our experiences before this moment in time. This practice of living courageously, authentically, with non-judgmental awareness, while embracing our worthiness, helps us live a fuller life. Specializing in somatic psychotherapy with adults, my therapeutic approach draws from Somatic Experiencing, Attachment Theory, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy, DBT-informed therapy, as well as the research of Brené Brown.
To mindfully awaken is to become conscious in the here and now while integrating all of our experiences before this moment in time. This practice of living courageously, authentically, with non-judgmental awareness, while embracing our worthiness, helps us live a fuller life. Specializing in somatic psychotherapy with adults, my therapeutic approach draws from Somatic Experiencing, Attachment Theory, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy, DBT-informed therapy, as well as the research of Brené Brown.
(919) 267-3618 View (919) 267-3618
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See more therapy options for 27516

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 27516

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 27516 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
71% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Aetna
36% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 27516 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 27516?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.