Therapists in 25301

Photo of Diane Briers Hendricks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Diane Briers Hendricks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Charleston, WV 25301
I work predominantly with adults ages 21-81. About 20% of my practice consists of families or couples. Common themes for therapy are family conflict, romantic relationships or lack of, chronic illness, anxiety and depression.
I work predominantly with adults ages 21-81. About 20% of my practice consists of families or couples. Common themes for therapy are family conflict, romantic relationships or lack of, chronic illness, anxiety and depression.
(304) 301-5116 View (304) 301-5116
Photo of Helen Farrah-McGrail, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCISW
Helen Farrah-McGrail
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCISW
Online Only
Hi! I am a licensed clinical social worker and therapist (LICSW) with 35 years of professional work experience based in West Virginia. I received my Masters degree at the University of Pittsburgh, and I have been practicing for thirty-five years.
Hi! I am a licensed clinical social worker and therapist (LICSW) with 35 years of professional work experience based in West Virginia. I received my Masters degree at the University of Pittsburgh, and I have been practicing for thirty-five years.
(304) 403-7705 View (304) 403-7705
Photo of Dr. Laurie C Covington, Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Dr. Laurie C Covington
Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Charleston, WV 25301
Deciding to start therapy is not always easy. It takes courage, commitment and a desire to make a positive difference in your life. If you have decided you are ready to make lasting changes in your life then finding a therapist is your next step. How do you choose the right therapist for you? If you are looking for someone who will listen to you unconditionally, without judgment, who shows empathy regarding your situation, who is easy to talk with and provides a space where you can feel safe, then I might be the therapist for you.
Deciding to start therapy is not always easy. It takes courage, commitment and a desire to make a positive difference in your life. If you have decided you are ready to make lasting changes in your life then finding a therapist is your next step. How do you choose the right therapist for you? If you are looking for someone who will listen to you unconditionally, without judgment, who shows empathy regarding your situation, who is easy to talk with and provides a space where you can feel safe, then I might be the therapist for you.
(304) 937-0533 View (304) 937-0533
Photo of Angel Hiles, Counselor, MAEd, LPCC-S, LPC
Angel Hiles
Counselor, MAEd, LPCC-S, LPC
Charleston, WV 25301
You’re used to having it all together—thriving in your career, managing responsibilities, and meeting expectations. But inside, you feel overwhelmed or disconnected. Maybe you’re grappling with divorce, trauma, or anxiety. Or, you’re stuck in people-pleasing patterns, struggling to manage your ADHD, or facing relationship challenges. Ongoing self-doubt and low self-esteem impact your daily life, but you aren’t sure how to move forward. These experiences can leave you feeling isolated and frozen, even when everything on the outside looks ‘fine.’ Regardless of where you are, you don’t have to go through this alone.
You’re used to having it all together—thriving in your career, managing responsibilities, and meeting expectations. But inside, you feel overwhelmed or disconnected. Maybe you’re grappling with divorce, trauma, or anxiety. Or, you’re stuck in people-pleasing patterns, struggling to manage your ADHD, or facing relationship challenges. Ongoing self-doubt and low self-esteem impact your daily life, but you aren’t sure how to move forward. These experiences can leave you feeling isolated and frozen, even when everything on the outside looks ‘fine.’ Regardless of where you are, you don’t have to go through this alone.
(304) 249-9644 View (304) 249-9644
Photo of Christina Hill, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ALPS
Christina Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ALPS
Charleston, WV 25301
Peace of Mind Therapy & Wellness is an independent private practice in Charleston, WV. At my practice, I am dedicated to providing quality counseling services in a warm and welcoming atmosphere. I have over 12 plus years of experience in the Mental Health field working in multiple settings including hospital, community, educational, and private practice. I specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, and families who are struggling with emotional, behavioral, and relationship issues. My therapy style is warm, interactive, and empowering. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
Peace of Mind Therapy & Wellness is an independent private practice in Charleston, WV. At my practice, I am dedicated to providing quality counseling services in a warm and welcoming atmosphere. I have over 12 plus years of experience in the Mental Health field working in multiple settings including hospital, community, educational, and private practice. I specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, and families who are struggling with emotional, behavioral, and relationship issues. My therapy style is warm, interactive, and empowering. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
(304) 621-6220 View (304) 621-6220
Photo of Dr. Sarah Joan Davis-Williamson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW
Dr. Sarah Joan Davis-Williamson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW
Charleston, WV 25301
If you are seeking assistance with intrusive thoughts or troubling behavior, like checking the locks repeatedly, then I may be of service. I have experience with PTSD, depression, and anxiety. If you struggle getting along with coworkers or even friends and family, we can work to improve those relationships. Isolation does not fix the problem, it further damages those relationships and leaves you feeling alone. Anger and anxiety are natural feelings. However, sometimes controlling them can be easier said than done.
If you are seeking assistance with intrusive thoughts or troubling behavior, like checking the locks repeatedly, then I may be of service. I have experience with PTSD, depression, and anxiety. If you struggle getting along with coworkers or even friends and family, we can work to improve those relationships. Isolation does not fix the problem, it further damages those relationships and leaves you feeling alone. Anger and anxiety are natural feelings. However, sometimes controlling them can be easier said than done.
(304) 443-5587 View (304) 443-5587
Photo of Jennifer Mitchell, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Jennifer Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Do you have constant feelings of anxiety, and panic? Do you find it difficult to do what matters to you because you're flooded with intrusive thoughts, and intense urges to engage in mental, and/or physical compulsive acts? I'm Jennifer, Licensed Professional Counselor with almost nine years of experience in the counseling field. I am most passionate about working with individuals that struggle with various anxiety disorders including panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition to that, I work with individuals that feel overwhelmed with feelings of depression, and shame.
Do you have constant feelings of anxiety, and panic? Do you find it difficult to do what matters to you because you're flooded with intrusive thoughts, and intense urges to engage in mental, and/or physical compulsive acts? I'm Jennifer, Licensed Professional Counselor with almost nine years of experience in the counseling field. I am most passionate about working with individuals that struggle with various anxiety disorders including panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition to that, I work with individuals that feel overwhelmed with feelings of depression, and shame.
(681) 214-2500 View (681) 214-2500
Photo of Chava Kristin Clendinning, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, LMHC
Chava Kristin Clendinning
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, LMHC
Charleston, WV 25301
Waitlist for new clients
I believe everyone is entitled to sound mental health. No matter who you are, you should be given the opportunity to improve your mental wellness through ethical and sound clinical interventions. I am a natural born cheerleader and am committed to walking with you through some of life's most rigorous challenges.
I believe everyone is entitled to sound mental health. No matter who you are, you should be given the opportunity to improve your mental wellness through ethical and sound clinical interventions. I am a natural born cheerleader and am committed to walking with you through some of life's most rigorous challenges.
(304) 486-3815 View (304) 486-3815
Photo of Desiree Hughes - The Concrete Rose Therapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LICSW, LCSW
The Concrete Rose Therapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LICSW, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! My name is Desiree Hughes, CEO and provider for The Concrete Rose: Therapy Services. While I specialize in both childhood & adulthood trauma and the typical symptoms that often accompany this (ptsd, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, relationship-conflict, perfectionism), I also tend to work well with people who are motivated & ready to...bloom, if you will. I am well versed in adults with ADHD, young adults, life stressors/transitions, postpartum struggles, and challenges in parenting.
Hi! My name is Desiree Hughes, CEO and provider for The Concrete Rose: Therapy Services. While I specialize in both childhood & adulthood trauma and the typical symptoms that often accompany this (ptsd, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, relationship-conflict, perfectionism), I also tend to work well with people who are motivated & ready to...bloom, if you will. I am well versed in adults with ADHD, young adults, life stressors/transitions, postpartum struggles, and challenges in parenting.
(304) 885-1978 View (304) 885-1978
Photo of Kpcc Counseling - KPCC Counseling, Counselor, LPC, LCSW
KPCC Counseling
Counselor, LPC, LCSW
Charleston, WV 25301
KPCC Counseling - Voted #1 Counseling Center in West Virginia two years in a row. Convenient locations, free parking, flexible scheduling. KPCC Counseling has licensed counselors who are well trained in a number of different kinds of counseling. We match you and your goals with the counselor who will be the best fit for you. Our counselors are known for being positive, open, accepting, and available. Kathy Muscari- Andy Counts - Vanessa Landgrave- Sarah Stanley - Kerrie Harris - Paige Winfree - Jaime Richmond - Bessie Tadlock-Jimenez - Susan Armentrout - Pamela Blue- Brittany Powell- Hollie McClanahan.
KPCC Counseling - Voted #1 Counseling Center in West Virginia two years in a row. Convenient locations, free parking, flexible scheduling. KPCC Counseling has licensed counselors who are well trained in a number of different kinds of counseling. We match you and your goals with the counselor who will be the best fit for you. Our counselors are known for being positive, open, accepting, and available. Kathy Muscari- Andy Counts - Vanessa Landgrave- Sarah Stanley - Kerrie Harris - Paige Winfree - Jaime Richmond - Bessie Tadlock-Jimenez - Susan Armentrout - Pamela Blue- Brittany Powell- Hollie McClanahan.
(304) 519-0960 View (304) 519-0960
Photo of Tina C Outlaw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LISW-CP, CP
Tina C Outlaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LISW-CP, CP
Online Only
Looking for a different, more personal therapy experience, here it is ! I work collaboratively with you and your child/adolescent/family to develop a plan together on the second session, get a new skill each week, and see progress within 8 sessions. With 29 of years experience with children, adolescents and adults recovering from trauma, grief, emotional or behavioral challenges with educational or work-related issues in schools, group homes, rural health care clinics and military facilities. Sessions are online with a confidential platform to offer connivence and accessibility to any location in South Carolina.
Looking for a different, more personal therapy experience, here it is ! I work collaboratively with you and your child/adolescent/family to develop a plan together on the second session, get a new skill each week, and see progress within 8 sessions. With 29 of years experience with children, adolescents and adults recovering from trauma, grief, emotional or behavioral challenges with educational or work-related issues in schools, group homes, rural health care clinics and military facilities. Sessions are online with a confidential platform to offer connivence and accessibility to any location in South Carolina.
(843) 256-2277 View (843) 256-2277
Photo of Becca Wright Gillis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Becca Wright Gillis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting Clients - Becca values being a warm and accepting licensed professional counselor serving in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Rebecca has a passion for working with those who are feeling lost or unsure of themselves. She believes deeply in working together to develop a sacred and healing place that is needed for growth and transformation to happen. A place where all change begins through curiosity and taking a first step.
Accepting Clients - Becca values being a warm and accepting licensed professional counselor serving in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Rebecca has a passion for working with those who are feeling lost or unsure of themselves. She believes deeply in working together to develop a sacred and healing place that is needed for growth and transformation to happen. A place where all change begins through curiosity and taking a first step.
(540) 554-6748 View (540) 554-6748
Photo of Donna Murray, Counselor, LPCC
Donna Murray
Counselor, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! My name is Donna Murray and I look forward to connecting with you. I’ve had the joy of working in the counseling field for over 25 years in multiple settings including: private practice, inpatient and outpatient, home-based, school-based and residential detox. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the states of Ohio, West Virginia and North Carolina and have been offering counseling services since 1996. Currently, I also serve on the West Virginia Certification Board for Addiction & Prevention Professionals.
Hello! My name is Donna Murray and I look forward to connecting with you. I’ve had the joy of working in the counseling field for over 25 years in multiple settings including: private practice, inpatient and outpatient, home-based, school-based and residential detox. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the states of Ohio, West Virginia and North Carolina and have been offering counseling services since 1996. Currently, I also serve on the West Virginia Certification Board for Addiction & Prevention Professionals.
(304) 969-7467 View (304) 969-7467
Photo of Emily Chilko - the Well, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
the Well, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Charleston, WV 25301
To contact us, please use our website. (TL;DL Psychology Today doesn’t fully protect your PHI, we do.) The Well is a small practice with four therapists. We are Emily Chilko, Tia Lasporgara, Ashley Freeman, and Meghan Kline. We are united by our professional values: wellness, service, integrity, justice, and cultural proficiency.
To contact us, please use our website. (TL;DL Psychology Today doesn’t fully protect your PHI, we do.) The Well is a small practice with four therapists. We are Emily Chilko, Tia Lasporgara, Ashley Freeman, and Meghan Kline. We are united by our professional values: wellness, service, integrity, justice, and cultural proficiency.
Photo of Dr. Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Charleston, WV 25301
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(304) 779-8517 View (304) 779-8517
Photo of Teresa B Stire, Psychologist, PhD
Teresa B Stire
Psychologist, PhD
Charleston, WV 25301
Welcome. I'm glad you're here. I realize that asking for help can sometimes be a difficult and intimidating experience, which is why I work to create a safe space where you and I can work collaboratively to explore your concerns and help you move forward. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or sad? Do you need help in setting healthy boundaries or working through past traumas and experiences? Do you just feel "stuck" or like you have lost the joy in your life? I enjoy helping adults and adolescents process thoughts and life experiences to gain insight, make positive life changes, and improve mood.
Welcome. I'm glad you're here. I realize that asking for help can sometimes be a difficult and intimidating experience, which is why I work to create a safe space where you and I can work collaboratively to explore your concerns and help you move forward. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or sad? Do you need help in setting healthy boundaries or working through past traumas and experiences? Do you just feel "stuck" or like you have lost the joy in your life? I enjoy helping adults and adolescents process thoughts and life experiences to gain insight, make positive life changes, and improve mood.
(304) 244-0394 View (304) 244-0394
Photo of Vanity Lane, Counselor, LPC
Vanity Lane
Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Greetings. Whatever led you to this site, this profile, in this moment. Welcome! Life can be complicated, overwhelming, and flat out hard. However, it CAN also be purposeful, rewarding, and fulfilling. Whatever you may have encountered on your journey this far and whatever your needs may be in this moment that led you here, I'm honored to provide a safe space for you to explore and work through it.
Greetings. Whatever led you to this site, this profile, in this moment. Welcome! Life can be complicated, overwhelming, and flat out hard. However, it CAN also be purposeful, rewarding, and fulfilling. Whatever you may have encountered on your journey this far and whatever your needs may be in this moment that led you here, I'm honored to provide a safe space for you to explore and work through it.
(804) 567-7214 View (804) 567-7214
Photo of Jon Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Jon Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Hello, I am Jon Lewis, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. In the dark times of life, we need a place where we can feel understood, genuinely cared about, and supported. I believe that every person is unique, and everyone has different needs. I work with a variety of evidenced based modalities including CBT, EFT, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness. I enjoy working with adults and couples. I am currently working toward becoming a certified Emotionally Focused Couples Counselor.
Hello, I am Jon Lewis, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. In the dark times of life, we need a place where we can feel understood, genuinely cared about, and supported. I believe that every person is unique, and everyone has different needs. I work with a variety of evidenced based modalities including CBT, EFT, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness. I enjoy working with adults and couples. I am currently working toward becoming a certified Emotionally Focused Couples Counselor.
(681) 337-3950 View (681) 337-3950
Photo of Nathan Altman, Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Nathan Altman
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Online Only
We all face times when we feel stuck, overwhelmed, flooded, or disconnected from who we truly are. I believe we already have the inner resources we need to tackle life's challenges, but our innate energy, wisdom, and confidence can get blocked by trauma, relationships, the systems we live in, and how we treat ourselves. I help clients understand—and even befriend—the parts of themselves they may blame for their struggles. Once we recognize the needs these parts are trying to meet, we can move forward with more freedom and flexibility. My approach is informal, spontaneous, and deeply collaborative.
We all face times when we feel stuck, overwhelmed, flooded, or disconnected from who we truly are. I believe we already have the inner resources we need to tackle life's challenges, but our innate energy, wisdom, and confidence can get blocked by trauma, relationships, the systems we live in, and how we treat ourselves. I help clients understand—and even befriend—the parts of themselves they may blame for their struggles. Once we recognize the needs these parts are trying to meet, we can move forward with more freedom and flexibility. My approach is informal, spontaneous, and deeply collaborative.
(304) 679-1065 View (304) 679-1065
Photo of Heather Pack, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, AADC, ALPS, LCMHCA
Heather Pack
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, AADC, ALPS, LCMHCA
Serves Area
I’m Heather Pack, a licensed counselor with a passion for helping adults navigate the complex layers of mental health, identity, and life transitions. I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, autism, and the everyday challenges that come with simply being human. As someone deeply committed to creating safe and affirming spaces, I’m proud to work with clients from the LGBTQIA+ community, including those who are trans, nonbinary, or questioning. My approach is grounded in respect, curiosity, and compassion, meeting each person exactly where they are.
I’m Heather Pack, a licensed counselor with a passion for helping adults navigate the complex layers of mental health, identity, and life transitions. I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, autism, and the everyday challenges that come with simply being human. As someone deeply committed to creating safe and affirming spaces, I’m proud to work with clients from the LGBTQIA+ community, including those who are trans, nonbinary, or questioning. My approach is grounded in respect, curiosity, and compassion, meeting each person exactly where they are.
(304) 652-7476 View (304) 652-7476

See more therapy options for 25301

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 25301

60+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 25301 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
92% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Coping Skills
73% Grief
73% Self Esteem
73% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 25301 see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 25301?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.