Therapists in 24531

Photo of Kiara Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Kiara Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Chatham, VA 24531
Life can feel overwhelming, but support is available. I’m Kiara Smith, a Resident in Counseling with experience in school-based therapy, crisis work, in-home support, and psychosocial rehabilitation. I take a client-centered approach, helping individuals and families navigate challenges while building coping skills and resilience. Outside of work, I enjoy traveling, reading, and spending time with my husband, family, friends, and my dog, Kash. I strive to create a warm, supportive space where you feel heard and empowered.
Life can feel overwhelming, but support is available. I’m Kiara Smith, a Resident in Counseling with experience in school-based therapy, crisis work, in-home support, and psychosocial rehabilitation. I take a client-centered approach, helping individuals and families navigate challenges while building coping skills and resilience. Outside of work, I enjoy traveling, reading, and spending time with my husband, family, friends, and my dog, Kash. I strive to create a warm, supportive space where you feel heard and empowered.
(434) 278-7356 View (434) 278-7356
Photo of Marie R Paddock, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, EMDR, BC-TMH, Gottman
Marie R Paddock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, EMDR, BC-TMH, Gottman
1 Endorsed
Chatham, VA 24531
The counseling process is an opportunity for people to explore who they are, where they have been, where they want to go, and who they want to become. We often start a counseling journey because we are experiencing emotional pain. My hope is that I can join with you on your healing journey, and that you come to see the journey as a gift. A gift of becoming authentically and transparently you. A gift of healthier, stronger relationships. A gift for living your best life.
The counseling process is an opportunity for people to explore who they are, where they have been, where they want to go, and who they want to become. We often start a counseling journey because we are experiencing emotional pain. My hope is that I can join with you on your healing journey, and that you come to see the journey as a gift. A gift of becoming authentically and transparently you. A gift of healthier, stronger relationships. A gift for living your best life.
(434) 201-8839 View (434) 201-8839
Photo of Angelique Caley - Child & Adolescent Trauma Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSATP, CSOTP
Child & Adolescent Trauma Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSATP, CSOTP
2 Endorsed
Chatham, VA 24531
Living in rural areas can mean traveling long distances to get to appointments. I formed Child & Adolescent Trauma Services to bring therapy services directly to children and their families. Yep, that’s right – I provide in-home therapy! Over the past 17 years, I have been trained in multiple types of therapies to address a variety of issues (see below), and I am excited to bring these services to families who I serve. I am passionate about partnering with youth and their families to help them overcome all different types of challenges. My specialty is “the tough stuff” and helping youth who have complex treatment needs.
Living in rural areas can mean traveling long distances to get to appointments. I formed Child & Adolescent Trauma Services to bring therapy services directly to children and their families. Yep, that’s right – I provide in-home therapy! Over the past 17 years, I have been trained in multiple types of therapies to address a variety of issues (see below), and I am excited to bring these services to families who I serve. I am passionate about partnering with youth and their families to help them overcome all different types of challenges. My specialty is “the tough stuff” and helping youth who have complex treatment needs.
(434) 474-1800 View (434) 474-1800
Photo of Kayla Cumberland, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kayla Cumberland
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chatham, VA 24531
I am a licensed professional counselor with over five years of experience. I am passionate about journeying with my clients as they work to achieve their goals and maintain their well-being. I work to create a safe, non-judgmental environment which fosters healing and allows people to break through the chains that prevent them from reaching their goals. I recognize that pain can be the catalyst for growth, when healing is prioritized.
I am a licensed professional counselor with over five years of experience. I am passionate about journeying with my clients as they work to achieve their goals and maintain their well-being. I work to create a safe, non-judgmental environment which fosters healing and allows people to break through the chains that prevent them from reaching their goals. I recognize that pain can be the catalyst for growth, when healing is prioritized.
(276) 262-3838 View (276) 262-3838
Photo of Christina Jordan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christina Jordan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I’m a dedicated LMFT passionate about creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and life experiences. I specialize in helping individuals build coping skills, strengthen emotional resilience, and navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, and life transitions. My client focus includes individuals and couples navigating life’s challenges and seeking meaningful growth and connection. I support adults and adolescents, including those within the LGBTQIA+ community, and individuals experiencing ADHD, autism, trauma, grief, and major life transitions.
I’m a dedicated LMFT passionate about creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and life experiences. I specialize in helping individuals build coping skills, strengthen emotional resilience, and navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, and life transitions. My client focus includes individuals and couples navigating life’s challenges and seeking meaningful growth and connection. I support adults and adolescents, including those within the LGBTQIA+ community, and individuals experiencing ADHD, autism, trauma, grief, and major life transitions.
(434) 226-5603 View (434) 226-5603

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Tabitha Maus, Social Worker
Tabitha Maus
Social Worker
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello! My name is Tabitha, and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) supervisee dedicated to supporting adults and teens in navigating life’s challenges and achieving personal growth. With experience working with individuals facing a range of mental health concerns—including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, and PTSD—I provide a compassionate and practical approach to therapy. Therapy Specialties: Anxiety Depression Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Substance Use Trauma and PTSD
Hello! My name is Tabitha, and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) supervisee dedicated to supporting adults and teens in navigating life’s challenges and achieving personal growth. With experience working with individuals facing a range of mental health concerns—including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, and PTSD—I provide a compassionate and practical approach to therapy. Therapy Specialties: Anxiety Depression Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Substance Use Trauma and PTSD
(804) 494-4982 View (804) 494-4982
Photo of Charlotte Stieg, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Charlotte Stieg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with adults navigating anxiety, OCD, trauma, relationship stress, and difficult family dynamics. Many clients feel stuck in cycles of overthinking, self-doubt, emotional exhaustion, or intrusive thoughts that are interfering with daily life and relationships. I provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where clients can better understand their patterns, build coping skills, process painful experiences, and move toward greater confidence, flexibility, and emotional balance.
I work with adults navigating anxiety, OCD, trauma, relationship stress, and difficult family dynamics. Many clients feel stuck in cycles of overthinking, self-doubt, emotional exhaustion, or intrusive thoughts that are interfering with daily life and relationships. I provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where clients can better understand their patterns, build coping skills, process painful experiences, and move toward greater confidence, flexibility, and emotional balance.
(434) 602-8349 View (434) 602-8349
Photo of Alison Smoke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alison Smoke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Moneta, VA 24121
Feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, grief, or trauma? I’m Alison Smoke, a social worker with 17+ years of experience helping adults navigate life’s challenges. I use evidence-based, strength-focused approaches like Mindfulness, Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and ACT. My goal is to empower you to explore solutions, build resilience, and live a more fulfilling, wholehearted life in a safe, supportive, and compassionate space.
Feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, grief, or trauma? I’m Alison Smoke, a social worker with 17+ years of experience helping adults navigate life’s challenges. I use evidence-based, strength-focused approaches like Mindfulness, Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and ACT. My goal is to empower you to explore solutions, build resilience, and live a more fulfilling, wholehearted life in a safe, supportive, and compassionate space.
(540) 386-0093 View (540) 386-0093
Photo of Lisa McIntosh - Second Chance LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LSATP, MA
Second Chance LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LSATP, MA
Martinsville, VA 24112
My name is Lisa McIntosh. I am a Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Practitioner, Licensed Professional Counselor, and an EMDR Trained Therapist. I am also the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Second Chance LLC in Martinsville, Virginia since 2020. I come to you with more than 20 years of experience working with children and adults with substance abuse issues, mental health illnesses and dual diagnosis. My goal has always been to help individuals through a holistic approach by focusing on their emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
My name is Lisa McIntosh. I am a Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Practitioner, Licensed Professional Counselor, and an EMDR Trained Therapist. I am also the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Second Chance LLC in Martinsville, Virginia since 2020. I come to you with more than 20 years of experience working with children and adults with substance abuse issues, mental health illnesses and dual diagnosis. My goal has always been to help individuals through a holistic approach by focusing on their emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
(276) 633-6658 View (276) 633-6658
Photo of Aleshia Ferrell, MSW
Aleshia Ferrell
Verified Verified
Martinsville, VA 24112
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to hold everything together while still showing up for others. Many of the individuals and families I work with come to me feeling exhausted, misunderstood, or stuck in patterns they no longer want to live in. My role is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you can slow down, breathe, and explore what you truly need to heal and move forward.
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to hold everything together while still showing up for others. Many of the individuals and families I work with come to me feeling exhausted, misunderstood, or stuck in patterns they no longer want to live in. My role is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you can slow down, breathe, and explore what you truly need to heal and move forward.
(276) 302-2394 View (276) 302-2394
Photo of Ndidi Adeyanju - Alafia Behavioral Support Services, LLC, PhD
Alafia Behavioral Support Services, LLC
Not Verified Not Verified
Danville, VA 24540
We are mental health rehabilitation clinic and offer services to children and adolescents at risk of out of home placement. We offer intensive in-home services to children and adolescents at risk of out of home placement, case management, as well as behavioral/emotional skills training to children and adults. Counselors and other mental health professionals meet with children and adults to assist them in developing adaptive behavioral and coping skills. Some of the issues we address are Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, school suspensions, and anger management.
We are mental health rehabilitation clinic and offer services to children and adolescents at risk of out of home placement. We offer intensive in-home services to children and adolescents at risk of out of home placement, case management, as well as behavioral/emotional skills training to children and adults. Counselors and other mental health professionals meet with children and adults to assist them in developing adaptive behavioral and coping skills. Some of the issues we address are Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, school suspensions, and anger management.
(434) 483-2566 x24540 View (434) 483-2566 x24540
Photo of Anita Sewell McMillan - His High Places, LPC
His High Places
Verified Verified
Moneta, VA 24121
His High Places is a residential Christian Counseling Ministry operating in the North Carolina High Country for more than 40 years. We minister to individuals who are in various stages of crisis, pain, and emotional woundedness. The most common issues we work with are marital problems (including, infidelity and sexual sin), depression, anxiety, grief, spiritual disillusionment, and career burnout. One of the core foundations of the original vision for His High Places was to provide ministry to the minister. One of our early slogans “who ministers to the minister? We do!” remains valid and even more relevant today.
His High Places is a residential Christian Counseling Ministry operating in the North Carolina High Country for more than 40 years. We minister to individuals who are in various stages of crisis, pain, and emotional woundedness. The most common issues we work with are marital problems (including, infidelity and sexual sin), depression, anxiety, grief, spiritual disillusionment, and career burnout. One of the core foundations of the original vision for His High Places was to provide ministry to the minister. One of our early slogans “who ministers to the minister? We do!” remains valid and even more relevant today.
(336) 537-2990 View (336) 537-2990
Photo of Zynasia Jasper - Breaking Through CCF- Trauma & Anxiety Specialists, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Breaking Through CCF- Trauma & Anxiety Specialists
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Danville, VA 24541
Navigating life right now can be overwhelming—especially if you’ve always been the dependable one. You show up for everyone, but struggle to say no without guilt. You lie awake at night replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, and bracing for what might go wrong. Maybe you’ve done everything “right” and still feel unfulfilled, stuck in cycles of worry or perfectionism. You’ve beaten the odds before—but now you're exhausted. You want peace, not pressure. You’re ready to feel whole—not just hold it all together. If any of this sounds like you, you’re in the right place.
Navigating life right now can be overwhelming—especially if you’ve always been the dependable one. You show up for everyone, but struggle to say no without guilt. You lie awake at night replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, and bracing for what might go wrong. Maybe you’ve done everything “right” and still feel unfulfilled, stuck in cycles of worry or perfectionism. You’ve beaten the odds before—but now you're exhausted. You want peace, not pressure. You’re ready to feel whole—not just hold it all together. If any of this sounds like you, you’re in the right place.
(434) 216-0758 View (434) 216-0758
Photo of Sarah Horrocks, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sarah Horrocks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
Maybe you can’t shake the feeling that something horrible is going to happen. Or you feel that that a lack of your control of a situation is going to result in danger or even terrible things happening. Anxiety and uneasiness are with you almost always. Irritated, annoyed, depressed…You can’t understand why you can’t seem to move past ‘it’, no matter how hard you have tried. Perhaps COVID-19 affected you in ways you didn’t expect or made other symptoms worse. Can you relate to any or all of this? Please know…you are not alone. I have worked with many people for whom this is true.
Maybe you can’t shake the feeling that something horrible is going to happen. Or you feel that that a lack of your control of a situation is going to result in danger or even terrible things happening. Anxiety and uneasiness are with you almost always. Irritated, annoyed, depressed…You can’t understand why you can’t seem to move past ‘it’, no matter how hard you have tried. Perhaps COVID-19 affected you in ways you didn’t expect or made other symptoms worse. Can you relate to any or all of this? Please know…you are not alone. I have worked with many people for whom this is true.
(434) 838-4133 View (434) 838-4133
Photo of David W Peterson, Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, LPC
David W Peterson
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The strength of our relationships is not the absence of concerns and problems. The strength of our relationships is the ability to manage those concerns and problems successfully. Relationship concerns and problems may cause anxiety, depression, stress, and other mental health issues. Unresolved issues affect churches, families, marriages, and workplaces. When we relate well with others, we thrive instead of just surviving. One person in a relationship can make a difference.
The strength of our relationships is not the absence of concerns and problems. The strength of our relationships is the ability to manage those concerns and problems successfully. Relationship concerns and problems may cause anxiety, depression, stress, and other mental health issues. Unresolved issues affect churches, families, marriages, and workplaces. When we relate well with others, we thrive instead of just surviving. One person in a relationship can make a difference.
(540) 590-5233 View (540) 590-5233
Photo of Lisa C. Zimmerman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MLCMSSW, LCSW
Lisa C. Zimmerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MLCMSSW, LCSW
Gretna, VA 24557
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker and have been in practices for 32 years in several different areas of the country. I have been married for 31 years and have raised two children. I like clarity and will help you to break down problems into clearer, more manageable parts. I believe that you are the expert on your life and am honored to be able to work with you for a healthier future.
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker and have been in practices for 32 years in several different areas of the country. I have been married for 31 years and have raised two children. I like clarity and will help you to break down problems into clearer, more manageable parts. I believe that you are the expert on your life and am honored to be able to work with you for a healthier future.
(678) 279-5408 View (678) 279-5408
Restoration is a Journey
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Our practice offers multiple services as a General Practice and Addiction Specialty Treatment Center. We focus on client-centered treatment, where our team looks at treatment as a metamorphosis process; as each phase is extremely important and personalized to the client's wants and needs according to where you are in your journey to restoration. The caterpillar can not become a butterfly in its entirety without going through each phase of the process that the team, as well as, the client create during the treatment team process.
Our practice offers multiple services as a General Practice and Addiction Specialty Treatment Center. We focus on client-centered treatment, where our team looks at treatment as a metamorphosis process; as each phase is extremely important and personalized to the client's wants and needs according to where you are in your journey to restoration. The caterpillar can not become a butterfly in its entirety without going through each phase of the process that the team, as well as, the client create during the treatment team process.
(336) 489-8319 View (336) 489-8319
Photo of Tosha M Foley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tosha M Foley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Martinsville, VA 24112
What Is Counseling: I help individuals work on things such as life stressors, relationship issues, anxiety, depression, and much more. I see individuals ages 20 and older. The counseling process helps us to gain clarity and gives us space to work on ourselves.
What Is Counseling: I help individuals work on things such as life stressors, relationship issues, anxiety, depression, and much more. I see individuals ages 20 and older. The counseling process helps us to gain clarity and gives us space to work on ourselves.
(540) 210-1343 View (540) 210-1343
Photo of Jeff Letchford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jeff Letchford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Providing a non-judgmental environment meeting you with openness, fairness, dignity, and respect is Jeff’s main goal as he helps to build your emotional resilience. Together engaging in therapy that will best support your needs, utilizing your personal strengths, goals, and creating appropriate strategies to help you succeed. Jeff honors the connection between mind, body and spirit; recognizing the holistic view of the client’s needs. Jeff provides quality services to adolescents and adults struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and other issues that may bring them to therapy.
Providing a non-judgmental environment meeting you with openness, fairness, dignity, and respect is Jeff’s main goal as he helps to build your emotional resilience. Together engaging in therapy that will best support your needs, utilizing your personal strengths, goals, and creating appropriate strategies to help you succeed. Jeff honors the connection between mind, body and spirit; recognizing the holistic view of the client’s needs. Jeff provides quality services to adolescents and adults struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and other issues that may bring them to therapy.
(540) 302-2961 View (540) 302-2961
Photo of David L Mortellaro - ABT Counseling Roanoke, Salem, & Daleville Offices, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
ABT Counseling Roanoke, Salem, & Daleville Offices
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Serves Area
We are an outpatient mental health practice in Roanoke, Salem, Blacksburg, Daleville, Floyd, and Rocky Mount, Virginia, dedicated to helping patients overcome emotional problems using counseling techniques that promote more rapid recovery than traditional non-directive therapy. Everyone goes through challenging situations, and while you may have successfully navigated through other difficulties you’ve faced, there’s nothing wrong with seeking out extra support when needed. Therapy provides long-lasting benefits, giving you the tools you need to avoid triggers, re-direct damaging patterns, and overcome whatever challenges you face.
We are an outpatient mental health practice in Roanoke, Salem, Blacksburg, Daleville, Floyd, and Rocky Mount, Virginia, dedicated to helping patients overcome emotional problems using counseling techniques that promote more rapid recovery than traditional non-directive therapy. Everyone goes through challenging situations, and while you may have successfully navigated through other difficulties you’ve faced, there’s nothing wrong with seeking out extra support when needed. Therapy provides long-lasting benefits, giving you the tools you need to avoid triggers, re-direct damaging patterns, and overcome whatever challenges you face.
(540) 215-7423 View (540) 215-7423

See more therapy options for 24531

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 24531

< 10

Therapists in 24531 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Anthem

How Therapists in 24531 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 24531?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.