Therapists in 23124

Photo of Romina Abawi-Wooten - Two Rivers Wellness Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Two Rivers Wellness Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
At our practice, we welcome anyone ages 12 and up who are seeking support with their mental health. Whether you're navigating self-esteem challenges, anger, substance use, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, or even looking for immigration assessments, our team is here to provide thoughtful, personalized care. From kids and teens to older adults—and everyone in between—we’re dedicated to creating a safe, authentic space built on trust, understanding, and support.
At our practice, we welcome anyone ages 12 and up who are seeking support with their mental health. Whether you're navigating self-esteem challenges, anger, substance use, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, or even looking for immigration assessments, our team is here to provide thoughtful, personalized care. From kids and teens to older adults—and everyone in between—we’re dedicated to creating a safe, authentic space built on trust, understanding, and support.
(757) 260-4099 View (757) 260-4099
Photo of Laura Mangelsdorf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-200
Laura Mangelsdorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-200
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life brings joy, connection, and growth— it also brings challenges that can feel heavy or even overwhelming. When those harder moments start to overshadow the good, it’s okay to reach out for support. Therapy can offer a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been through, and reconnect with yourself. You don’t have to navigate it alone. I began working in the mental health field in 2017. I work primarily with adults and support individuals facing a wide range of experiences, including: depression, anxiety, bipolar, suicidal thoughts/ideation, adoption, and childhood trauma.
Life brings joy, connection, and growth— it also brings challenges that can feel heavy or even overwhelming. When those harder moments start to overshadow the good, it’s okay to reach out for support. Therapy can offer a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been through, and reconnect with yourself. You don’t have to navigate it alone. I began working in the mental health field in 2017. I work primarily with adults and support individuals facing a wide range of experiences, including: depression, anxiety, bipolar, suicidal thoughts/ideation, adoption, and childhood trauma.
(757) 280-4966 View (757) 280-4966
Photo of Jan L Barrymore - JPCounseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
JPCounseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My experience includes treating mood and anxiety disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD in adults and adolescents. I also work with gay/lesbian/ bisexual/ and transgendered clients. I work with people to improve their self-esteem, self-confidence, handle anger issues and relationships. My goal is to empower individuals to take control of their lives. I believe people have the ability to heal themselves and talking with someone can make a difference.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My experience includes treating mood and anxiety disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD in adults and adolescents. I also work with gay/lesbian/ bisexual/ and transgendered clients. I work with people to improve their self-esteem, self-confidence, handle anger issues and relationships. My goal is to empower individuals to take control of their lives. I believe people have the ability to heal themselves and talking with someone can make a difference.
(757) 655-0315 View (757) 655-0315
Photo of Jana Brultz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jana Brultz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I work with adolescents, adults and families who have diagnosable conditions such as ADHD, Anxiety, Depression or other mood disorders, and substance abuse as well as people struggling with everyday problems that cause anxiety, self esteem/identity issues, coping difficulties, stress management, relationship difficulties, and other issues that may be effecting your well being. I believe that when you are looking for help, talking with someone really can make a difference. Let me help you work through the issues that are important to you!
I work with adolescents, adults and families who have diagnosable conditions such as ADHD, Anxiety, Depression or other mood disorders, and substance abuse as well as people struggling with everyday problems that cause anxiety, self esteem/identity issues, coping difficulties, stress management, relationship difficulties, and other issues that may be effecting your well being. I believe that when you are looking for help, talking with someone really can make a difference. Let me help you work through the issues that are important to you!
(757) 644-3223 View (757) 644-3223
Photo of Bernadette Capito Winters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Bernadette Capito Winters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone that is confused and/or disappointed in their relationships and the direction that their life is taking. Although they are aware of the part that their family, spouse, job and personal environment plays in their situation, they are willing to explore the part that they play in their difficulties. I consider motivation and a beginning level ability to communicate necessary if the work we do together has a chance to be successful.
My ideal client is someone that is confused and/or disappointed in their relationships and the direction that their life is taking. Although they are aware of the part that their family, spouse, job and personal environment plays in their situation, they are willing to explore the part that they play in their difficulties. I consider motivation and a beginning level ability to communicate necessary if the work we do together has a chance to be successful.
(804) 313-9944 View (804) 313-9944
Photo of Roxana Ivette Zuleta-Amundsen, Resident in Counseling, MA, BHI
Roxana Ivette Zuleta-Amundsen
Resident in Counseling, MA, BHI
Serves Area
In life, we ​​all encounter challenges, and sometimes experiences can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, traumatized, and/or stressed. I am solution-focused and want you to feel safe, validated, and empowered to explore and face your challenges within the therapeutic relationship; to heal, and grow by building on your strengths to accomplish your goals. I am available for in-person and/or telehealth (Telehealth Adults ONLY) counseling in English and/or Spanish.
In life, we ​​all encounter challenges, and sometimes experiences can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, traumatized, and/or stressed. I am solution-focused and want you to feel safe, validated, and empowered to explore and face your challenges within the therapeutic relationship; to heal, and grow by building on your strengths to accomplish your goals. I am available for in-person and/or telehealth (Telehealth Adults ONLY) counseling in English and/or Spanish.
(757) 797-9774 View (757) 797-9774
Photo of Michelle A Hill - B3 Emotional Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
B3 Emotional Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My approach is centered in unconditional acceptance of my Client’s experiences and feelings. I strive to create an environment in which my Client can use their individual strengths to make constructive changes in the areas of their life where they are struggling. I employ a holistic approach, tailored to the individual needs and concerns of each client or couple I work with. Drawing from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and solution-focused theories. To ensure counseling services are emotionally beneficial, behaviorally focused, and holistically bound.
My approach is centered in unconditional acceptance of my Client’s experiences and feelings. I strive to create an environment in which my Client can use their individual strengths to make constructive changes in the areas of their life where they are struggling. I employ a holistic approach, tailored to the individual needs and concerns of each client or couple I work with. Drawing from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and solution-focused theories. To ensure counseling services are emotionally beneficial, behaviorally focused, and holistically bound.
(757) 854-9704 View (757) 854-9704
Photo of Christine Marie Hallman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christine Marie Hallman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I am a licensed clinical social worker with a specialty serving infants, toddlers and pre-school aged children and their families, and also serve elementary school-aged children. As a parent and a professional, I know how challenging parenting young children can be. I also know how foundational the early years are to children and newly developing families. I want to support caregivers to figure out strategies for best supporting and encouraging their children's behavior. This can include supporting a child who experiences an unfortunate hardship/ trauma, a family experiencing difficulties, or a child who displays challenging behavior.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with a specialty serving infants, toddlers and pre-school aged children and their families, and also serve elementary school-aged children. As a parent and a professional, I know how challenging parenting young children can be. I also know how foundational the early years are to children and newly developing families. I want to support caregivers to figure out strategies for best supporting and encouraging their children's behavior. This can include supporting a child who experiences an unfortunate hardship/ trauma, a family experiencing difficulties, or a child who displays challenging behavior.
(757) 798-7356 View (757) 798-7356
Photo of Linda Zaffram - Healing Circle Counseling and Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Healing Circle Counseling and Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Healing Circle Counseling is an award-winning practice that offers high-quality, heart-centered medication management and outpatient therapy to children, adolescents, adults, couples, families, and groups in Henrico and Midlothian, VA. Our practice utilizes a variety of therapeutic approaches to help our clients discover their true selves. Each of our providers has years of experience practicing with diverse populations, and each has expertise in a variety of therapeutic modalities. We will provide you with a safe, supportive, compassionate environment to navigate challenges and achieve personal growth.
Healing Circle Counseling is an award-winning practice that offers high-quality, heart-centered medication management and outpatient therapy to children, adolescents, adults, couples, families, and groups in Henrico and Midlothian, VA. Our practice utilizes a variety of therapeutic approaches to help our clients discover their true selves. Each of our providers has years of experience practicing with diverse populations, and each has expertise in a variety of therapeutic modalities. We will provide you with a safe, supportive, compassionate environment to navigate challenges and achieve personal growth.
(804) 597-9544 View (804) 597-9544
Photo of Ryan Matschke, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ryan Matschke
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating change and taking steps to better cope with life's transitions can be difficult and anxiety provoking. Deciding to begin your therapeutic journey is courageous, as it can be hard to ask for help. Stressors and life transitions impacting your moods and daily functioning, feeling stuck in a cycle within your relationships, struggling to cope effectively; these are some of the many issues that can cause someone to feel helpless and out of control. My goal is to help you and/or your family, have a safe and judgement free space to process and grow authentically.
Navigating change and taking steps to better cope with life's transitions can be difficult and anxiety provoking. Deciding to begin your therapeutic journey is courageous, as it can be hard to ask for help. Stressors and life transitions impacting your moods and daily functioning, feeling stuck in a cycle within your relationships, struggling to cope effectively; these are some of the many issues that can cause someone to feel helpless and out of control. My goal is to help you and/or your family, have a safe and judgement free space to process and grow authentically.
(757) 697-6922 View (757) 697-6922
Photo of Deborah Kay Wrinkle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Deborah Kay Wrinkle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
If your mind doesn't shut off and you feel like you're always "on," you're not alone. Anxiety and depression don't always look obvious from the outside — you're managing work, relationships, and responsibilities, but underneath you're exhausted and running on empty. There's a quiet voice telling you something needs to change. You don't have to keep pushing through alone.
If your mind doesn't shut off and you feel like you're always "on," you're not alone. Anxiety and depression don't always look obvious from the outside — you're managing work, relationships, and responsibilities, but underneath you're exhausted and running on empty. There's a quiet voice telling you something needs to change. You don't have to keep pushing through alone.
(804) 719-3953 View (804) 719-3953
Photo of Deborah Lorey Scian, Licensed Social Worker, MSW, BCPA
Deborah Lorey Scian
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, BCPA
New Kent, VA 23124
Not accepting new clients
Are you stressed? Overwhelmed? Exhausted? Worried about your kids or struggling with work and personal relationships? Let's bring together mind, body, spirit to explore, build and maintain a Life You Love. Judgement-free empowering solutions, techniques and talk therapy to thrive in our complex modern world.
Are you stressed? Overwhelmed? Exhausted? Worried about your kids or struggling with work and personal relationships? Let's bring together mind, body, spirit to explore, build and maintain a Life You Love. Judgement-free empowering solutions, techniques and talk therapy to thrive in our complex modern world.
(804) 531-6050 View (804) 531-6050
Photo of Terica Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Terica Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! I'm Terica Brown. Congratulations for the choice to invest in yourself! It can be a difficult proposition to choose to engage in therapy and you have made that choice. I believe therapy is one of the best things anyone can do to care for themselves. It's like a spa for your heart and mind; minus the spa amenities! I specialize in meeting people where they are in a down to earth way, assisting them with identifying their needs and goals, and working with them to address the issues that keep them stuck. One of the best things about therapy is no topic is off limits and the time is all about you!
Hi! I'm Terica Brown. Congratulations for the choice to invest in yourself! It can be a difficult proposition to choose to engage in therapy and you have made that choice. I believe therapy is one of the best things anyone can do to care for themselves. It's like a spa for your heart and mind; minus the spa amenities! I specialize in meeting people where they are in a down to earth way, assisting them with identifying their needs and goals, and working with them to address the issues that keep them stuck. One of the best things about therapy is no topic is off limits and the time is all about you!
(804) 568-9586 View (804) 568-9586
Photo of Christy Damrath, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christy Damrath
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm accepting new telehealth clients. My name is Christy Damrath, LCSW. I provide individual therapy for adults and couples who are struggling with anxiety, emotional regulation, and relationship-related concerns. Do you feel overwhelmed with overthinking and anxiety that shows up in their relationships. You may find yourself feeling emotionally drained, struggling to communicate effectively, or repeating unhelpful patterns in relationships. My role is to help you better understand these patterns, and reduce anxiety, increase confidence and develop healthier ways of thinking, communicating, and connecting with others.
I'm accepting new telehealth clients. My name is Christy Damrath, LCSW. I provide individual therapy for adults and couples who are struggling with anxiety, emotional regulation, and relationship-related concerns. Do you feel overwhelmed with overthinking and anxiety that shows up in their relationships. You may find yourself feeling emotionally drained, struggling to communicate effectively, or repeating unhelpful patterns in relationships. My role is to help you better understand these patterns, and reduce anxiety, increase confidence and develop healthier ways of thinking, communicating, and connecting with others.
(804) 352-2682 View (804) 352-2682
Photo of Amanda Deverich, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Amanda Deverich
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe people are capable of healing, change, and being their better selves regardless of current or past experiences. In my office you will receive professional support, feedback, and encouragement. Together we will work to gain insight and implement effective strategies for change. Counseling need not be a long drawn out process. Knowing the critical factor for counseling success is the relationship between you and your therapist, I focus on understanding your experience and perspective without judgment and with a genuine desire to help. In times of pain and suffering we all need to feel we are not alone.
I believe people are capable of healing, change, and being their better selves regardless of current or past experiences. In my office you will receive professional support, feedback, and encouragement. Together we will work to gain insight and implement effective strategies for change. Counseling need not be a long drawn out process. Knowing the critical factor for counseling success is the relationship between you and your therapist, I focus on understanding your experience and perspective without judgment and with a genuine desire to help. In times of pain and suffering we all need to feel we are not alone.
(520) 422-8126 View (520) 422-8126

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of DiAnne M Proctor, Counselor, Ed D, LCMHC, CGP, CDBT
DiAnne M Proctor
Counselor, Ed D, LCMHC, CGP, CDBT
Richmond, VA 23223
Do life stressors and responsibilites at home, work, or school have you feeling out of balance or overwhelmed? Are you experiencing less joy in activities or relationships? As an Individual and Group Psychotherapist, I will help you identify and work though thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and events that create barriers to wellness. My clinical approach focuses on the whole person with application of Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavior strategies, psychodynamic, and holistic concepts. Southern NH Counseling, provides a safe, caring and professional environment. I look forward to talking with you to assess your needs. Together, we will create a supportive plan.
Do life stressors and responsibilites at home, work, or school have you feeling out of balance or overwhelmed? Are you experiencing less joy in activities or relationships? As an Individual and Group Psychotherapist, I will help you identify and work though thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and events that create barriers to wellness. My clinical approach focuses on the whole person with application of Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavior strategies, psychodynamic, and holistic concepts. Southern NH Counseling, provides a safe, caring and professional environment. I look forward to talking with you to assess your needs. Together, we will create a supportive plan.
(603) 578-3820 View (603) 578-3820
Photo of Don Hanback, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Don Hanback
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Richmond, VA 23238
I have been working in the behavioral health field for over 25 years, primarily with adults, who are experiencing substance abuse, and related issues. I try to provide a safe environment where individuals can begin to relate their story, and experience grace and truth over time to grow and heal.
I have been working in the behavioral health field for over 25 years, primarily with adults, who are experiencing substance abuse, and related issues. I try to provide a safe environment where individuals can begin to relate their story, and experience grace and truth over time to grow and heal.
(804) 286-4829 View (804) 286-4829
Photo of Michelle Burke, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, AASECT
Michelle Burke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, AASECT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Everyone encounters an emotional or sexual disconnect at some point in the relationship. Guidance and education from a certified sex therapist can help with connection and intimacy. I help individuals and couples achieve self growth, deepen connections, improve intimacy, develop effective communication, and reach your desired goals. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and AASECT certified Sex Therapist. My passion is helping individuals lead more fulfilling lives and helping couples regain a happy, healthy relationship.
Everyone encounters an emotional or sexual disconnect at some point in the relationship. Guidance and education from a certified sex therapist can help with connection and intimacy. I help individuals and couples achieve self growth, deepen connections, improve intimacy, develop effective communication, and reach your desired goals. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and AASECT certified Sex Therapist. My passion is helping individuals lead more fulfilling lives and helping couples regain a happy, healthy relationship.
View
Photo of Phil Russell, Resident in Counseling, MS, QMHP, RIC
Phil Russell
Resident in Counseling, MS, QMHP, RIC
2 Endorsed
Ashland, VA 23005
My ideal client can be a military veteran, a single parent working two jobs to make ends meet, a first responder, a business executive with decades of experience, or a college student working at the local breakfast cafe. I work with individuals, couples, and I facilitate therapy groups. Trauma is reflected individually, through marriages and all forms of partnership, and within family dynamics. There is hurt to be found in the human spirit and within the relationships people make. My ideal client is ready to collaborate in the therapeutic space toward greater self-acceptance and emotional healing.
My ideal client can be a military veteran, a single parent working two jobs to make ends meet, a first responder, a business executive with decades of experience, or a college student working at the local breakfast cafe. I work with individuals, couples, and I facilitate therapy groups. Trauma is reflected individually, through marriages and all forms of partnership, and within family dynamics. There is hurt to be found in the human spirit and within the relationships people make. My ideal client is ready to collaborate in the therapeutic space toward greater self-acceptance and emotional healing.
(804) 352-2750 View (804) 352-2750
Photo of Andy Smith - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Richmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Richmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richmond, VA 23220
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(804) 670-4923 View (804) 670-4923

See more therapy options for 23124

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23124

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 23124 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
87% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Anxiety
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Family Conflict
67% ADHD

Average years in practice

20 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
85% Anthem
77% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 23124 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23124?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.