Therapists in 23060

Photo of Dr. Robin D. Usher, Psychologist, LCP, LPC
Dr. Robin D. Usher
Psychologist, LCP, LPC
2 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
As a researcher and clinician, I focus on the intersection of identity, trauma, and resilience. My work internationally investigating trauma, health systems, and suicide risk factors have shaped my understanding of community and recovery. In my clinical practice, I specialize in treating complex conditions like borderline personality disorder, chronic post traumatic stress reactions, obsessions, compulsion, relationship problems, and existential threats. My practice centers helping individuals, couples, and families in reclaiming their sense of self and community.
As a researcher and clinician, I focus on the intersection of identity, trauma, and resilience. My work internationally investigating trauma, health systems, and suicide risk factors have shaped my understanding of community and recovery. In my clinical practice, I specialize in treating complex conditions like borderline personality disorder, chronic post traumatic stress reactions, obsessions, compulsion, relationship problems, and existential threats. My practice centers helping individuals, couples, and families in reclaiming their sense of self and community.
(804) 554-5978 View (804) 554-5978
Photo of Molly Iracane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Molly Iracane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Glen Allen, VA 23060
My therapy style utilizes an integrated approach with focus on Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness based intervention. I take pride in providing a warm and nonjudgmental environment in which you can feel safe to explore relationship issues, life transitions, daily stressors, and trauma. I believe therapy is an opportunity for people to learn ways to make last changes in their lives. My style will help provide structure, guidance, feedback, and support.
My therapy style utilizes an integrated approach with focus on Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness based intervention. I take pride in providing a warm and nonjudgmental environment in which you can feel safe to explore relationship issues, life transitions, daily stressors, and trauma. I believe therapy is an opportunity for people to learn ways to make last changes in their lives. My style will help provide structure, guidance, feedback, and support.
(804) 391-0867 View (804) 391-0867
Photo of Lauren Powell, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CSAC
Lauren Powell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CSAC
Glen Allen, VA 23060
While I often work with those who are struggling with substance use disorders, I also offer guidance on concerns such as depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, behavior modification, and impulse control. I invite clients to share their stories, highlighting their main focus and concerns in therapy and then work collaboratively on developing a personalized and goal-oriented treatment plan to work through past traumas and current life stressors. I hope to be a driving force in providing holistic care that is able to bridge the gap between mental and physical health.
While I often work with those who are struggling with substance use disorders, I also offer guidance on concerns such as depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, behavior modification, and impulse control. I invite clients to share their stories, highlighting their main focus and concerns in therapy and then work collaboratively on developing a personalized and goal-oriented treatment plan to work through past traumas and current life stressors. I hope to be a driving force in providing holistic care that is able to bridge the gap between mental and physical health.
(804) 889-2071 View (804) 889-2071
Photo of Kaley Donovan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Kaley Donovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
2 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I work with teens (12+), adults, and couples navigating trauma, relationship challenges, life transitions, and identity exploration. Whether you're starting college, adjusting to an empty nest, healing from trauma, or wanting healthier relationships, we'll work together to understand the patterns keeping you stuck and create meaningful change. I welcome clients of all identities and provide LGBTQ+ affirming therapy. I strive to provide an affirming, authentic space where you can be yourself.
I work with teens (12+), adults, and couples navigating trauma, relationship challenges, life transitions, and identity exploration. Whether you're starting college, adjusting to an empty nest, healing from trauma, or wanting healthier relationships, we'll work together to understand the patterns keeping you stuck and create meaningful change. I welcome clients of all identities and provide LGBTQ+ affirming therapy. I strive to provide an affirming, authentic space where you can be yourself.
(804) 567-8681 View (804) 567-8681
Photo of Kristofer Leduc, Pre-Licensed Professional, SISW
Kristofer Leduc
Pre-Licensed Professional, SISW
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I work with adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, hopeless, or unsure of their next step. Clients often come in with depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions, relationship challenges, or questions about purpose and direction. My team and I help by offering a safe, collaborative space to slow things down, understand patterns, build practical coping skills, and move toward choices that better fit your values and goals.
I work with adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, hopeless, or unsure of their next step. Clients often come in with depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions, relationship challenges, or questions about purpose and direction. My team and I help by offering a safe, collaborative space to slow things down, understand patterns, build practical coping skills, and move toward choices that better fit your values and goals.
(804) 207-8192 View (804) 207-8192
Photo of Stef Froelich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stef Froelich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I believe everyone has a unique story and deserves to feel truly seen and understood. With experience in inpatient and outpatient mental health, including IOP and PHP, I provide a safe, affirming space where you can show up as you are. Using CBT, DBT, ACT, REBT, and Solution-Focused Therapy, I take a collaborative, individualized approach to help you explore identity, challenge unhelpful thought patterns, reconnect with your sense of worth, and build lasting healing and growth. I believe in the power of every person's story and would be honored to hear yours.
I believe everyone has a unique story and deserves to feel truly seen and understood. With experience in inpatient and outpatient mental health, including IOP and PHP, I provide a safe, affirming space where you can show up as you are. Using CBT, DBT, ACT, REBT, and Solution-Focused Therapy, I take a collaborative, individualized approach to help you explore identity, challenge unhelpful thought patterns, reconnect with your sense of worth, and build lasting healing and growth. I believe in the power of every person's story and would be honored to hear yours.
(804) 599-3388 View (804) 599-3388
Photo of Lewis Slusher, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lewis Slusher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Lewis Slusher, LMFT, helps individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s most complex emotional challenges with care, clarity, and clinical expertise. Serving communities throughout Virginia, he works with children, adolescents, and adults to manage and overcome conditions such as anxiety, ADHD, and PTSD. Whether supporting a child through behavioral concerns or guiding adults through relationship or life-stage transitions, Lewis offers a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic experience designed to foster long-term growth.Lewis Slusher, LMFT, helps individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s most complex emotional
Lewis Slusher, LMFT, helps individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s most complex emotional challenges with care, clarity, and clinical expertise. Serving communities throughout Virginia, he works with children, adolescents, and adults to manage and overcome conditions such as anxiety, ADHD, and PTSD. Whether supporting a child through behavioral concerns or guiding adults through relationship or life-stage transitions, Lewis offers a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic experience designed to foster long-term growth.Lewis Slusher, LMFT, helps individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s most complex emotional
(804) 735-1125 View (804) 735-1125
Photo of Amber Zarger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amber Zarger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I believe therapy is a collaborative, supportive space where you can feel understood and empowered to create meaningful change. Starting therapy can feel overwhelming, and my goal is to provide a calm, nonjudgmental environment where you feel safe showing up as you are. My style is warm, genuine, and collaborative. I strive to meet clients where they are while gently supporting them in moving toward the life they want to live. Therapy is not about having all the answers—it’s about creating space for understanding, healing, and meaningful progress at your own pace
I believe therapy is a collaborative, supportive space where you can feel understood and empowered to create meaningful change. Starting therapy can feel overwhelming, and my goal is to provide a calm, nonjudgmental environment where you feel safe showing up as you are. My style is warm, genuine, and collaborative. I strive to meet clients where they are while gently supporting them in moving toward the life they want to live. Therapy is not about having all the answers—it’s about creating space for understanding, healing, and meaningful progress at your own pace
(804) 373-8640 View (804) 373-8640
Photo of Shelby Andreasen, Mental Health Counselor, MS
Shelby Andreasen
Mental Health Counselor, MS
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I help kids, teens, and adults understand their emotions, build practical skills, and feel more grounded in their day-to-day lives. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and developmentally sensitive — rooted in the belief that people thrive when they feel safe, understood, and supported as their full, authentic selves. I work with individuals navigating ADHD, anxiety, depression, school pressures, identity development, and life transitions. My clients appreciate that therapy feels steady, compassionate, and genuinely attuned to their experiences. Many say my strategies are especially helpful in making daily life feel more manageable.
I help kids, teens, and adults understand their emotions, build practical skills, and feel more grounded in their day-to-day lives. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and developmentally sensitive — rooted in the belief that people thrive when they feel safe, understood, and supported as their full, authentic selves. I work with individuals navigating ADHD, anxiety, depression, school pressures, identity development, and life transitions. My clients appreciate that therapy feels steady, compassionate, and genuinely attuned to their experiences. Many say my strategies are especially helpful in making daily life feel more manageable.
(804) 626-5987 View (804) 626-5987
Photo of Joshua A. Barefoot, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Joshua A. Barefoot
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Welcome. As a therapist and case manager I've worked with people from all walks of life. I've supported them with many different issues as a therapist and with getting connected with additional services to address barriers and challenges to living their best life. I consider myself, primarily, to be an addiction therapist, yet I often find that for so many people, the addictive behavior often exists as a part of maladaptive thought and behavior patterns. People often need support to not only address the addiction but also these thought patterns and behaviors that orbit it.
Welcome. As a therapist and case manager I've worked with people from all walks of life. I've supported them with many different issues as a therapist and with getting connected with additional services to address barriers and challenges to living their best life. I consider myself, primarily, to be an addiction therapist, yet I often find that for so many people, the addictive behavior often exists as a part of maladaptive thought and behavior patterns. People often need support to not only address the addiction but also these thought patterns and behaviors that orbit it.
(804) 657-6682 View (804) 657-6682
Photo of Megan Spencer, Resident in Counseling, LRC
Megan Spencer
Resident in Counseling, LRC
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Megan Spencer, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals, couples, and families in Virginia find a path toward healing and lasting change. She provides a supportive and compassionate space for adolescents, young adults, adults, and seniors to work through challenges such as anxiety, depression, and difficult life transitions. By tailoring therapy to each person’s unique story, she focuses on helping patients develop greater resilience, strengthen relationships, and build skills that support long-term mental well-being.Megan Spencer, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals, couples, and families in Virginia find a path toward heali
Megan Spencer, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals, couples, and families in Virginia find a path toward healing and lasting change. She provides a supportive and compassionate space for adolescents, young adults, adults, and seniors to work through challenges such as anxiety, depression, and difficult life transitions. By tailoring therapy to each person’s unique story, she focuses on helping patients develop greater resilience, strengthen relationships, and build skills that support long-term mental well-being.Megan Spencer, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals, couples, and families in Virginia find a path toward heali
(804) 361-8449 View (804) 361-8449
Photo of Carla J. Crews, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carla J. Crews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Have you tried traditional talk therapy in the past, yet still struggle with issues that are impacting your life and ability to have the relationships that you want? Are you ready to explore your problematic patterns of behavior and change them? I have experience with a number of evidence-based practices to help clients address their mental health issues in a way that will create lasting change and help them create a life with more meaning, purpose and capacity for joy. I enjoy working with individuals struggling with depression and loneliness, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, trauma and PTSD, as well as OCD.
Have you tried traditional talk therapy in the past, yet still struggle with issues that are impacting your life and ability to have the relationships that you want? Are you ready to explore your problematic patterns of behavior and change them? I have experience with a number of evidence-based practices to help clients address their mental health issues in a way that will create lasting change and help them create a life with more meaning, purpose and capacity for joy. I enjoy working with individuals struggling with depression and loneliness, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, trauma and PTSD, as well as OCD.
(804) 599-4454 View (804) 599-4454
Photo of Dr. Deidre Whittle, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, LMHP, PLC
Dr. Deidre Whittle
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, LMHP, PLC
3 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
My PURPOSE is to utilize my spiritual, academic, and personal experiences to empower and enrich the lives of others, through a counseling or coaching relationships. Go to the Headway to schedule your appointment, Click the website below.
My PURPOSE is to utilize my spiritual, academic, and personal experiences to empower and enrich the lives of others, through a counseling or coaching relationships. Go to the Headway to schedule your appointment, Click the website below.
(804) 334-0005 View (804) 334-0005
Photo of Britt Cowart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Britt Cowart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Are you grieving a loss, experiencing transitional stress, relationship issues or adjustment difficulties? Grief doesn't only follow death. Grief comes with life transitions, health changes, strained relationships, career shifts, moves, estrangement, or the quiet loss of the life you thought you would have. Sometimes it's obvious and acute; other times it's subtle and lingering. Loss, stressors and adjustment difficulties can leave you feeling disoriented, heavy, anxious, irritable, numb, or unsure of who you are now. You may feel pressure to "move on" before you're ready and wonder why this feels harder than you expected.
Are you grieving a loss, experiencing transitional stress, relationship issues or adjustment difficulties? Grief doesn't only follow death. Grief comes with life transitions, health changes, strained relationships, career shifts, moves, estrangement, or the quiet loss of the life you thought you would have. Sometimes it's obvious and acute; other times it's subtle and lingering. Loss, stressors and adjustment difficulties can leave you feeling disoriented, heavy, anxious, irritable, numb, or unsure of who you are now. You may feel pressure to "move on" before you're ready and wonder why this feels harder than you expected.
(804) 376-1304 View (804) 376-1304
Photo of Maria Wilson, Resident in Counseling
Maria Wilson
Resident in Counseling
2 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Providing a safe and supportive environment is essential for clients to authentically and openly share whatever is on their minds. I hold a strong belief that my clients are the experts in their own experiences. It is my job to actively listen, validate their feelings, and empower them to recognize and understand their emotions in a healthy and constructive way. I use a tailored approach to meet each client’s unique needs.
Providing a safe and supportive environment is essential for clients to authentically and openly share whatever is on their minds. I hold a strong belief that my clients are the experts in their own experiences. It is my job to actively listen, validate their feelings, and empower them to recognize and understand their emotions in a healthy and constructive way. I use a tailored approach to meet each client’s unique needs.
(804) 568-9194 View (804) 568-9194
Photo of Mark A Saunders Sr, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S, LPC-S
Mark A Saunders Sr
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S, LPC-S
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I enjoy working with couples or those who want to improve their relationships in life. I have years of experience with couples seeking counseling because of conflict and crisis or those who would like to re-ignite the passion and intimacy in their relationship that they once had. I have worked with couples from diverse populations including African American, Latinos, Caucasian, Asian, and Middle-Eastern. I also work with individuals who are struggling with life changes such as divorce, employment changes, parenting, caring for family members, and death of a loved one.
I enjoy working with couples or those who want to improve their relationships in life. I have years of experience with couples seeking counseling because of conflict and crisis or those who would like to re-ignite the passion and intimacy in their relationship that they once had. I have worked with couples from diverse populations including African American, Latinos, Caucasian, Asian, and Middle-Eastern. I also work with individuals who are struggling with life changes such as divorce, employment changes, parenting, caring for family members, and death of a loved one.
(804) 887-3062 View (804) 887-3062
Photo of Amber Wang, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MA
Amber Wang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MA
Glen Allen, VA 23060
If you're feeling stuck — in anxiety, grief, or a relationship that keeps hitting the same wall — you don't have to keep carrying it alone. I work with adults navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, and life transitions, especially when life feels overwhelming or hard to manage day to day. I also specialize in cross-cultural and interracial relationships, couples working through communication or trust, and immigration psychological evaluations.
If you're feeling stuck — in anxiety, grief, or a relationship that keeps hitting the same wall — you don't have to keep carrying it alone. I work with adults navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, and life transitions, especially when life feels overwhelming or hard to manage day to day. I also specialize in cross-cultural and interracial relationships, couples working through communication or trust, and immigration psychological evaluations.
(804) 312-5332 View (804) 312-5332
Photo of Kayla J Chambers, Resident in Counseling, MA, CSAC
Kayla J Chambers
Resident in Counseling, MA, CSAC
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Taking the step to seek support is an act of courage, and finding the right person to walk alongside you matters. My journey as a therapist has been shaped by roots in community-based mental health and residential treatment centers. Working in these intensive environments allowed me to witness the incredible resilience of the human spirit. Through a combination of practice and lived experience, I have spent years partnering with adults from all walks of life navigating burdens and life transitions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, relationship dynamics, and career transitions.
Taking the step to seek support is an act of courage, and finding the right person to walk alongside you matters. My journey as a therapist has been shaped by roots in community-based mental health and residential treatment centers. Working in these intensive environments allowed me to witness the incredible resilience of the human spirit. Through a combination of practice and lived experience, I have spent years partnering with adults from all walks of life navigating burdens and life transitions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, relationship dynamics, and career transitions.
(804) 696-6523 View (804) 696-6523
Photo of Abbie Starns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Abbie Starns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Are you interested in examining your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to make positive change? I am committed to providing a safe & affirming space to harness strengths, explore current patterns, & see where there could be space for growth. I have worked with individuals on the Autism Spectrum & those with depressive, anxious, & trauma-related symptoms. I acknowledge that treatment of these challenges is not "one size fits all", & pride myself on my experience working with folks in the LGBTQIA2S+ community, individuals in polyamorous relationships, & those with different health conditions & ability statuses.
Are you interested in examining your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to make positive change? I am committed to providing a safe & affirming space to harness strengths, explore current patterns, & see where there could be space for growth. I have worked with individuals on the Autism Spectrum & those with depressive, anxious, & trauma-related symptoms. I acknowledge that treatment of these challenges is not "one size fits all", & pride myself on my experience working with folks in the LGBTQIA2S+ community, individuals in polyamorous relationships, & those with different health conditions & ability statuses.
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Photo of Lilyana Sintayehu, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lilyana Sintayehu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Lily Sintayehu is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2021. She has a Masters in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. Lily works with her clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. She has experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma and abuse, and depression. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. Lily is here to support you in that process. Outside of work, Lily enjoys spending time with her son, reading, and watching old shows.
Lily Sintayehu is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2021. She has a Masters in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. Lily works with her clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. She has experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma and abuse, and depression. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. Lily is here to support you in that process. Outside of work, Lily enjoys spending time with her son, reading, and watching old shows.
(804) 465-7011 View (804) 465-7011

See more therapy options for 23060

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23060

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 23060 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
76% Anthem
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 23060 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23060?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.