Photo of Erin Janovec, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Janovec
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Church View, VA 23032
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
(540) 264-9592 View (540) 264-9592

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Antonina (Toni) Vitale, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Antonina (Toni) Vitale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
Not accepting new clients
Please EMAIL. I create a safe holding space where people can deeply explore what is blocking them from enjoying their lives to the fullest. Life is going to present challenges, there is no getting around that. What we do now and how we move forward is what matters. I welcome you to come explore your negative beliefs and strengthen new positive adaptive beliefs that allow you to thrive in your daily life. My experiences enable me to effectively work with people on a wide range of problems, including PTSD, CPTSD, attachment, relationships, low self-esteem, co-dependency, anxiety, abuse, neglect, and recovery from addiction.
Please EMAIL. I create a safe holding space where people can deeply explore what is blocking them from enjoying their lives to the fullest. Life is going to present challenges, there is no getting around that. What we do now and how we move forward is what matters. I welcome you to come explore your negative beliefs and strengthen new positive adaptive beliefs that allow you to thrive in your daily life. My experiences enable me to effectively work with people on a wide range of problems, including PTSD, CPTSD, attachment, relationships, low self-esteem, co-dependency, anxiety, abuse, neglect, and recovery from addiction.
(757) 758-6635 View (757) 758-6635
Photo of Renae Willis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renae Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tappahannock, VA 22560
Thank you for looking at my profile. I am an LCSW, licensed in the state of VA, with many years of experience treating children, teens, adults, couples and families. I enjoy working with clients from a wide array of backgrounds and across the lifespan.
Thank you for looking at my profile. I am an LCSW, licensed in the state of VA, with many years of experience treating children, teens, adults, couples and families. I enjoy working with clients from a wide array of backgrounds and across the lifespan.
(571) 604-6482 View (571) 604-6482
Photo of Sybil L. Robertson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sybil L. Robertson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
I enjoy working with children from age 5 years to 18 years and women.
I enjoy working with children from age 5 years to 18 years and women.
(804) 451-4570 View (804) 451-4570
Photo of Mindy Eaves, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mindy Eaves
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
North, VA 23128
Hello, my name is Mindy Eaves and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Additionally, I am a level two Certified Complex Trauma Provider (CCTP-II). I work with adults, individuals, couples, and families that have or had experienced adverse childhood experiences (abuse, neglect, etc.), a traumatic event, or events. I work with clients, couples, and families where one or more persons in the household have experienced adverse childhood events, abuse, work-related trauma, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, anxiety, panic, depression, PTSD, CPTSD, phobias, and relationship issues.
Hello, my name is Mindy Eaves and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Additionally, I am a level two Certified Complex Trauma Provider (CCTP-II). I work with adults, individuals, couples, and families that have or had experienced adverse childhood experiences (abuse, neglect, etc.), a traumatic event, or events. I work with clients, couples, and families where one or more persons in the household have experienced adverse childhood events, abuse, work-related trauma, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, anxiety, panic, depression, PTSD, CPTSD, phobias, and relationship issues.
(571) 554-6558 View (571) 554-6558
Photo of Victoria McLaughlin - Iron Vines Counseling Accepting New Clients!, LPC, PhD, LSATP, ACS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Iron Vines Counseling Accepting New Clients!
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PhD, LSATP, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188
Iron Vines Counseling, LLC is now and shall remain a safe space for all marginalized persons to receive care. We provide therapeutic services for adolescents and adults, as well as couples/partnerships in both in-person and telehealth format. We treat mood disorders, trauma, betrayal/ forgiveness, and those impacted by another's addiction. Please visit our website for more information about our supervised clinicians! www.ironvinescounseling.com Evening 7pm slots available!
Iron Vines Counseling, LLC is now and shall remain a safe space for all marginalized persons to receive care. We provide therapeutic services for adolescents and adults, as well as couples/partnerships in both in-person and telehealth format. We treat mood disorders, trauma, betrayal/ forgiveness, and those impacted by another's addiction. Please visit our website for more information about our supervised clinicians! www.ironvinescounseling.com Evening 7pm slots available!
(757) 792-8244 View (757) 792-8244
Photo of Laura LeMasters, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura LeMasters
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188  (Online Only)
I believe in you! No matter your struggles, you can change your life. Do you need a nurturing and non-judgmental place to share your burdens? Do you want help finding your own solutions and inner strengths? I encourage my clients to discover their own way, evaluate their own truths, and follow their natural drive to change and grow. I will hear you and help you make sense of your situation. I can provide you with tools to manage your emotions, think more productively, and act more effectively. If you are ready to do the work, I can help you live the life you were meant to live.
I believe in you! No matter your struggles, you can change your life. Do you need a nurturing and non-judgmental place to share your burdens? Do you want help finding your own solutions and inner strengths? I encourage my clients to discover their own way, evaluate their own truths, and follow their natural drive to change and grow. I will hear you and help you make sense of your situation. I can provide you with tools to manage your emotions, think more productively, and act more effectively. If you are ready to do the work, I can help you live the life you were meant to live.
(757) 785-0205 View (757) 785-0205
Photo of Keida Ann Robertson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keida Ann Robertson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185  (Online Only)
Hi there! I'm Ann! Whether you're healing from narcissistic abuse, mending a broken heart, battling burnout, or wrestling with anxiety and depression, I want you to know one thing: you're not alone on this journey. My practice is a safe haven for those who've weathered these storms. I've dedicated my career to creating a warm, judgment-free space where your story matters and your feelings are valid. I don't believe in one-size-fits-all therapy
Hi there! I'm Ann! Whether you're healing from narcissistic abuse, mending a broken heart, battling burnout, or wrestling with anxiety and depression, I want you to know one thing: you're not alone on this journey. My practice is a safe haven for those who've weathered these storms. I've dedicated my career to creating a warm, judgment-free space where your story matters and your feelings are valid. I don't believe in one-size-fits-all therapy
(757) 993-8052 View (757) 993-8052
Photo of Ashley Grubbs - Blue Harbor Counseling, PLLC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Blue Harbor Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185  (Online Only)
I aim to help clients learn new skills to live their best lives through individualized counseling approaches. I have experiences working with couples and individuals facing sex-related issues, and am passionate about assisting others with intimacy and gender concerns. I am experienced about helping those who have experienced trauma overcome those experiences in order to thrive. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing difficulties and challenges adjusting to new situations. I am an LGBTQ ally and kink friendly.
I aim to help clients learn new skills to live their best lives through individualized counseling approaches. I have experiences working with couples and individuals facing sex-related issues, and am passionate about assisting others with intimacy and gender concerns. I am experienced about helping those who have experienced trauma overcome those experiences in order to thrive. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing difficulties and challenges adjusting to new situations. I am an LGBTQ ally and kink friendly.
(833) 253-3572 View (833) 253-3572
Photo of Nancy Welsh, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy Welsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Syringa, VA 23169
Hello, my name is Nancy Welsh, a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker. More specifically, I am a strong advocate and educator in mental health growth, insightfulness, development, and healing, while also normalizing the importance of mental health therapy. Apart from incorporating evidence-based treatment models in my work with clients, I integrate empowerment, hope, collaboration, and resiliency. I am of the firm belief that every person has room for growth and the ability for happiness and fulfillment.
Hello, my name is Nancy Welsh, a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker. More specifically, I am a strong advocate and educator in mental health growth, insightfulness, development, and healing, while also normalizing the importance of mental health therapy. Apart from incorporating evidence-based treatment models in my work with clients, I integrate empowerment, hope, collaboration, and resiliency. I am of the firm belief that every person has room for growth and the ability for happiness and fulfillment.
(757) 792-8374 View (757) 792-8374
Photo of Christina Urcinas, PhD, Psychologist
Christina Urcinas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
King William, VA 23086  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
(757) 520-2011 View (757) 520-2011
Photo of Craig Foster, PhD, LCP, Psychologist
Craig Foster
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Life is complicated but thankfully, therapy can help. I am honored to help each of my clients better understand themselves and make meaning of their lives using a collaborative and integrative approach. I work with each of my clients to identify the unique aspects of their situation and together, we develop a plan for how to reach their treatment goals. The relationship created between client and therapist is the most important aspect of my work, and I strive to understand the specific concerns which bring a person to therapy. By building trust over time, positive change is possible.
Life is complicated but thankfully, therapy can help. I am honored to help each of my clients better understand themselves and make meaning of their lives using a collaborative and integrative approach. I work with each of my clients to identify the unique aspects of their situation and together, we develop a plan for how to reach their treatment goals. The relationship created between client and therapist is the most important aspect of my work, and I strive to understand the specific concerns which bring a person to therapy. By building trust over time, positive change is possible.
(757) 780-1382 View (757) 780-1382
Photo of Jennifer Looney, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jennifer Looney
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188  (Online Only)
Anxiety and depression are the two most common symptoms clients experience. Most often, these symptoms coexist with other symptoms that may hinder a client from living their best life. Counseling assists clients to discover the causes of their symptoms and help them understand what causes their problems and how they can improve their mental health and their ability to cope with daily stresses. Ultimately, the goal I hope to see is an improved version of the client: One who can identify the stressors more easily and have the tools they need to overcome them.
Anxiety and depression are the two most common symptoms clients experience. Most often, these symptoms coexist with other symptoms that may hinder a client from living their best life. Counseling assists clients to discover the causes of their symptoms and help them understand what causes their problems and how they can improve their mental health and their ability to cope with daily stresses. Ultimately, the goal I hope to see is an improved version of the client: One who can identify the stressors more easily and have the tools they need to overcome them.
(757) 290-1463 View (757) 290-1463
Photo of Debbie Kirkwood, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Debbie Kirkwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hague, VA 22469
Hi, my name is Debbie Kirkwood, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. Having been in the mental health field for over 20 years, I have worked with many people of every age group and from various backgrounds and cultures. My focuses are Anxiety, Job Stress, Life Coaching, Stress, and Relationship Issues. I use Coaching, Person-Centered, Solution Focused Brief (SFBT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), and Supportive. I believe in meeting the client where they are and not where I want them to be.
Hi, my name is Debbie Kirkwood, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. Having been in the mental health field for over 20 years, I have worked with many people of every age group and from various backgrounds and cultures. My focuses are Anxiety, Job Stress, Life Coaching, Stress, and Relationship Issues. I use Coaching, Person-Centered, Solution Focused Brief (SFBT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), and Supportive. I believe in meeting the client where they are and not where I want them to be.
(571) 583-3963 View (571) 583-3963
Photo of Katy Webb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katy Webb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tappahannock, VA 22560  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Katy Webb provides therapy to a wide range of populations including children, teens, adults, the elderly, and families. She provides emotionally-focused marital therapy to help couples work through a range of challenges. She specializes in working with children and adults with special needs (Autism, Intellectual Disability). She is a Certified Parent Trainer and diagnoses Autism. Katy has worked extensively with those experiencing chronic physical/GI illness, cancer, or traumatic injury. Katy Webb received her Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University and has worked in the medical/mental health field for over six years. **Katy provides LCSW supervision.
Katy Webb provides therapy to a wide range of populations including children, teens, adults, the elderly, and families. She provides emotionally-focused marital therapy to help couples work through a range of challenges. She specializes in working with children and adults with special needs (Autism, Intellectual Disability). She is a Certified Parent Trainer and diagnoses Autism. Katy has worked extensively with those experiencing chronic physical/GI illness, cancer, or traumatic injury. Katy Webb received her Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University and has worked in the medical/mental health field for over six years. **Katy provides LCSW supervision.
(804) 298-7806 View (804) 298-7806
Photo of Alicia Kalbfleisch, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alicia Kalbfleisch
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185  (Online Only)
Alicia is a fully licensed professional counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia with three years of experience. Alicia utilizes CBT, DBT, and emotionally focused theories to encourage the client to work during the sessions. Alicia also enjoys educating her clients regarding basic brain chemistry and understanding why our brains react to specific situations.
Alicia is a fully licensed professional counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia with three years of experience. Alicia utilizes CBT, DBT, and emotionally focused theories to encourage the client to work during the sessions. Alicia also enjoys educating her clients regarding basic brain chemistry and understanding why our brains react to specific situations.
(571) 576-6219 View (571) 576-6219
Photo of Susan Garnett, MS , LPC , ATR-BC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Garnett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toano, VA 23168
Not accepting new clients
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
(757) 566-1775 View (757) 566-1775
Photo of Emily Elliott, LMSW, MAT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Elliott
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, MAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Providence Forge, VA 23140  (Online Only)
Are you feeling lost, frustrated, down, or empty? Have you experienced any life-changing events that have left you confused or overwhelmed? Do you have relationship challenges that seem to keep repeating? Are you at a loss with how to approach situations with your children that seem insurmountable? Life and relationship transitions can push us to our mental and emotional limits. At MMP, we are here to help you identify your challenges and emotions and then develop coping skills that will allow you to navigate stressful events. With these newly acquired ideas and skills, you can start living the life that you want.
Are you feeling lost, frustrated, down, or empty? Have you experienced any life-changing events that have left you confused or overwhelmed? Do you have relationship challenges that seem to keep repeating? Are you at a loss with how to approach situations with your children that seem insurmountable? Life and relationship transitions can push us to our mental and emotional limits. At MMP, we are here to help you identify your challenges and emotions and then develop coping skills that will allow you to navigate stressful events. With these newly acquired ideas and skills, you can start living the life that you want.
(804) 294-4248 View (804) 294-4248
Photo of Jessica Ramos-Iglesias, MA, PC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Ramos-Iglesias
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PC
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185
At times, life can be overwhelming and confusing. Sometimes we need help to find relief from our distress, gain understanding, and develop the tools to navigate life challenges. Healing is not linear, but it is possible. I believe that true healing requires a holistic approach to improve overall well-being.
At times, life can be overwhelming and confusing. Sometimes we need help to find relief from our distress, gain understanding, and develop the tools to navigate life challenges. Healing is not linear, but it is possible. I believe that true healing requires a holistic approach to improve overall well-being.
(757) 798-7786 View (757) 798-7786
Photo of Lee Saecker Ridens, PhD, LCP, NCSP, Psychologist
Lee Saecker Ridens
Psychologist, PhD, LCP, NCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
I provide comprehensive psychological & educational testing for children (age 6 and up), adolescents, and adults. I have worked with individuals who have a range of disabilities, from severe to gifted (including twice exceptional students). Areas of assessment include (but are not limited to): Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Disabilities, Cognitive Delays, Behavior Disorders, and Learning Disabilities, as well as Anxiety Disorders and Mood Disorders. The referral question(s) guide the assessment process so the comprehensive evaluation is tailored to individual needs of the client.
I provide comprehensive psychological & educational testing for children (age 6 and up), adolescents, and adults. I have worked with individuals who have a range of disabilities, from severe to gifted (including twice exceptional students). Areas of assessment include (but are not limited to): Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Disabilities, Cognitive Delays, Behavior Disorders, and Learning Disabilities, as well as Anxiety Disorders and Mood Disorders. The referral question(s) guide the assessment process so the comprehensive evaluation is tailored to individual needs of the client.
(804) 446-6264 View (804) 446-6264

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23032

< 10

Therapists in 23032 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
100% Sex Therapy
100% Spirituality
100% Trauma and PTSD

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 23032 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23032?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.