Photo of Jeri Lewis - Old Towne Counseling Services, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Old Towne Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aylett, VA 23009
Are you feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious and possibly many other feelings? Old Towne Counseling's (OTC) qualified and experienced therapists, psychologist and prescribers can help! Our team of over 40 providers is here to listen to what's going on and assist you in creating a plan that allows for strength building and feeling better. We work with all ages and with 40+ providers we most likely will have a provider that specializes in the concerns that you are experiencing. We offer therapy for all ages, coaching, psychological testing and psychiatric medication management.
Are you feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious and possibly many other feelings? Old Towne Counseling's (OTC) qualified and experienced therapists, psychologist and prescribers can help! Our team of over 40 providers is here to listen to what's going on and assist you in creating a plan that allows for strength building and feeling better. We work with all ages and with 40+ providers we most likely will have a provider that specializes in the concerns that you are experiencing. We offer therapy for all ages, coaching, psychological testing and psychiatric medication management.
(804) 465-7978 View (804) 465-7978
Photo of Deborah S. Wood, LPC, RN, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah S. Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RN, NCC
Verified Verified
Aylett, VA 23009
Not accepting new clients
Whatsoever things are TRUE ... on those things we should concentrate. So, what is true? The truth is that you CAN replace your negative self-image with a positive one, you CAN heal from childhood pain and trauma, you CAN repair and improve relationships, you CAN overcome depression and anxiety, and you CAN write the next chapter of your life differently. The lie is that nothing can change! Life is a journey that can be redirected at any time with the right help, so you are not trapped in your present situation. We can combine your desire and courage with my knowledge, skills, and empathy, to make these truths your new reality.
Whatsoever things are TRUE ... on those things we should concentrate. So, what is true? The truth is that you CAN replace your negative self-image with a positive one, you CAN heal from childhood pain and trauma, you CAN repair and improve relationships, you CAN overcome depression and anxiety, and you CAN write the next chapter of your life differently. The lie is that nothing can change! Life is a journey that can be redirected at any time with the right help, so you are not trapped in your present situation. We can combine your desire and courage with my knowledge, skills, and empathy, to make these truths your new reality.
(804) 277-2162 View (804) 277-2162
Photo of Celina Guzman - Road to Ready Counseling,LLC. , MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Road to Ready Counseling,LLC.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Aylett, VA 23009
•Urgent appointments available. You are not alone! We can help; you can heal! Your time is valuable to us. We will listen and provide you with strategies to assist with any challenges that you are experiencing. We provide telehealth and In-person therapy specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing a wide range of mental health symptoms.
•Urgent appointments available. You are not alone! We can help; you can heal! Your time is valuable to us. We will listen and provide you with strategies to assist with any challenges that you are experiencing. We provide telehealth and In-person therapy specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing a wide range of mental health symptoms.
(804) 531-3914 View (804) 531-3914

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dena Wentz, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dena Wentz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ashland, VA 23005
I'm Dena Wentz, a Supervisee in Social Work with 15 years of experience assisting individuals in navigating both chronic and acute illnesses within the healthcare setting. My areas of specialization include anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship issues, pediatrics, parenting, grief and loss, and depression. I earned my Bachelor of Arts in Social Work from Millersville University and my Master of Social Work from Temple University, both from Council of Social Work Education accredited programs.
I'm Dena Wentz, a Supervisee in Social Work with 15 years of experience assisting individuals in navigating both chronic and acute illnesses within the healthcare setting. My areas of specialization include anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship issues, pediatrics, parenting, grief and loss, and depression. I earned my Bachelor of Arts in Social Work from Millersville University and my Master of Social Work from Temple University, both from Council of Social Work Education accredited programs.
(804) 294-4886 View (804) 294-4886
Photo of Rebecca Compton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Compton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I'm Rebecca Smith, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and substance abuse therapist. I specialize in trauma, addiction, and mood disorders, utilizing a compassionate and evidence-based approach to help clients navigate their unique challenges and achieve lasting wellness. My practice focuses on creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment to foster personal growth and healing.
Hello, I'm Rebecca Smith, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and substance abuse therapist. I specialize in trauma, addiction, and mood disorders, utilizing a compassionate and evidence-based approach to help clients navigate their unique challenges and achieve lasting wellness. My practice focuses on creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment to foster personal growth and healing.
(804) 392-1667 View (804) 392-1667
Photo of Brianna Knox | Trauma Specialist | Emdr Therapist, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brianna Knox | Trauma Specialist | Emdr Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
What could your life be without the shame and guilt of childhood trauma? You are struggling to feel worthy of love. You are uncertain of how to give it and often wondering if you will ever find a relationship that just feels good. I get it. It is so difficult to surround yourself with love in adulthood when the people who raised you didn't do so for you in childhood. Come and work with me. I'll help you heal your inner child and break cycles of intergenerational trauma, so that you can build a life and relationships that you will love.
What could your life be without the shame and guilt of childhood trauma? You are struggling to feel worthy of love. You are uncertain of how to give it and often wondering if you will ever find a relationship that just feels good. I get it. It is so difficult to surround yourself with love in adulthood when the people who raised you didn't do so for you in childhood. Come and work with me. I'll help you heal your inner child and break cycles of intergenerational trauma, so that you can build a life and relationships that you will love.
(704) 610-3278 View (704) 610-3278
Photo of Ingrid Bornia - BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC Trauma Specialist, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC Trauma Specialist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Look, you have a plethora of Therapists to choose from on this site, and they’re all excellent-some of them I even trained. However, if you’re looking for a expert Trauma Specialist, I'm the one you call. Thank you for considering BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC. I offer the highest quality of Services to meet your counseling needs. I work specifically with traumatized Female Adults, and Teenagers. BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC understands that Women and Teenage Girls have a story and a testimony of their life journey. There is no cure for PTSD, and It may seem hard to recover, but we know you can, just like a BOSS!
Look, you have a plethora of Therapists to choose from on this site, and they’re all excellent-some of them I even trained. However, if you’re looking for a expert Trauma Specialist, I'm the one you call. Thank you for considering BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC. I offer the highest quality of Services to meet your counseling needs. I work specifically with traumatized Female Adults, and Teenagers. BOSS Inner Child Counseling, LLC understands that Women and Teenage Girls have a story and a testimony of their life journey. There is no cure for PTSD, and It may seem hard to recover, but we know you can, just like a BOSS!
(757) 654-4231 View (757) 654-4231
Photo of Crystal Driggs, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Driggs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Ashland, VA 23005
I help children, adolescents, and teens who are having difficulty managing emotions, struggling with behavior, and/or going through changes in the home. I believe that children can not only communicate issues through play but also learn new skills the best when play therapy techniques are intertwined within their therapy experience. Many adolescents and teens benefit from a neutral sounding board that can provide support and new perspectives.
I help children, adolescents, and teens who are having difficulty managing emotions, struggling with behavior, and/or going through changes in the home. I believe that children can not only communicate issues through play but also learn new skills the best when play therapy techniques are intertwined within their therapy experience. Many adolescents and teens benefit from a neutral sounding board that can provide support and new perspectives.
(804) 485-2630 View (804) 485-2630
Photo of Megan Wills, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Wills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mattaponi, VA 23110
My name is Megan Wills and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) and certified trauma therapist working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with young adults and specialize in clients with anxiety, trauma responses, depression, and life transitions. I am certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and also use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to help clients gain specific skills and make tangible progress.
My name is Megan Wills and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) and certified trauma therapist working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with young adults and specialize in clients with anxiety, trauma responses, depression, and life transitions. I am certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and also use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to help clients gain specific skills and make tangible progress.
(540) 616-2365 View (540) 616-2365
Photo of Kristina Scalici, LCSW, QS, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristina Scalici
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, QS, CCTP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome to my psychotherapy practice! At times feelings, thoughts, actions and living situations can unexpectedly change and overwhelm even the strongest person. During such challenging times it is important to find time and space to sort out complicated emotions and identify solutions to be able to move forward.
Welcome to my psychotherapy practice! At times feelings, thoughts, actions and living situations can unexpectedly change and overwhelm even the strongest person. During such challenging times it is important to find time and space to sort out complicated emotions and identify solutions to be able to move forward.
(804) 403-8070 View (804) 403-8070
Photo of Natalia Tassara Barrantes, MSW
Natalia Tassara Barrantes
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23230
My goal as a therapist is to help and support human beings maximize strengths while gaining insight into draining and unproductive behavior patterns. I also help individuals dealing with communications issues in general, marital or couple relationships. I focus my work on developing a partnership with my patients in order for them to find the best way to cope anxiety, depression or any other mental health condition.
My goal as a therapist is to help and support human beings maximize strengths while gaining insight into draining and unproductive behavior patterns. I also help individuals dealing with communications issues in general, marital or couple relationships. I focus my work on developing a partnership with my patients in order for them to find the best way to cope anxiety, depression or any other mental health condition.
(804) 294-4613 View (804) 294-4613
Virginia Stanley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! My name is Virginia Stanley. I’m an LCSW, Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC), and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I have 10 years of experience helping clients that are very much like you! I believe the unique relationship between therapist and client is very special, so I treat everyone I meet with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. Taking the first step to ask for help with anxiety, depression, PTSD, Bipolar, substance abuse issues or just to figure things out takes courage and I commend you for it. You are so worth it! Let’s get started on your journey of healing and self-discovery!
Hello! My name is Virginia Stanley. I’m an LCSW, Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC), and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I have 10 years of experience helping clients that are very much like you! I believe the unique relationship between therapist and client is very special, so I treat everyone I meet with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. Taking the first step to ask for help with anxiety, depression, PTSD, Bipolar, substance abuse issues or just to figure things out takes courage and I commend you for it. You are so worth it! Let’s get started on your journey of healing and self-discovery!
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Parke Sterling - Everyday Guy Therapy , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Everyday Guy Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23220
Most days you feel like you work your ass off, come home and just numb out. Then wake up and do it all over again. You have probably gotten really good at pretending. Those around you don’t know that it feels like you are barely holding it together. They don’t know that you feel like you are living someone else’s live or how fucking anxious and stressed out you are. They would be astonished if they knew the stories that play in your head all day or that deep down you don’t feel like the father, husband or man that you want to be. It's hard to admit, but if you are being honest, you aren't all that happy.
Most days you feel like you work your ass off, come home and just numb out. Then wake up and do it all over again. You have probably gotten really good at pretending. Those around you don’t know that it feels like you are barely holding it together. They don’t know that you feel like you are living someone else’s live or how fucking anxious and stressed out you are. They would be astonished if they knew the stories that play in your head all day or that deep down you don’t feel like the father, husband or man that you want to be. It's hard to admit, but if you are being honest, you aren't all that happy.
(804) 336-3479 View (804) 336-3479
Photo of Christopher Mathews, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christopher Mathews
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Chris is an individual, couple and family therapist with years of experience finding solutions for difficult problems in homes and individuals’ lives. His work includes families struggling with intergenerational trauma, substance abuse, and conflict. His other specialties include mood disorders, attachment disorders, dual diagnosis, and substance abuse. His proficiencies in Motivational Interviewing, Family Systems, Solution-Focused Therapy, and mindfulness are used to provide new ways to look at problems and find solutions.
Chris is an individual, couple and family therapist with years of experience finding solutions for difficult problems in homes and individuals’ lives. His work includes families struggling with intergenerational trauma, substance abuse, and conflict. His other specialties include mood disorders, attachment disorders, dual diagnosis, and substance abuse. His proficiencies in Motivational Interviewing, Family Systems, Solution-Focused Therapy, and mindfulness are used to provide new ways to look at problems and find solutions.
(804) 506-5637 View (804) 506-5637
Photo of Laura Szyikowski, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Szyikowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I love working with people who feel pushed out of mainstream society due to their wonderful uniqueness- such as persons who are LGBTQ+, BIPOC, neurodivergent, or who have developmental delays, chronic physical or mental concerns. Telehealth therapy is really wonderful so you can meet from the comfort of your home. I truly enjoy using a technique called solution-focused so we can see change very quickly.
I love working with people who feel pushed out of mainstream society due to their wonderful uniqueness- such as persons who are LGBTQ+, BIPOC, neurodivergent, or who have developmental delays, chronic physical or mental concerns. Telehealth therapy is really wonderful so you can meet from the comfort of your home. I truly enjoy using a technique called solution-focused so we can see change very quickly.
(540) 215-7326 View (540) 215-7326
Photo of Christina Carter-Uriss, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Carter-Uriss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23235
My name is Christina Carter-Uriss and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I offer psychotherapy services for adults and adolescents aged 16+, addressing a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, and panic disorder, grief and loss, trauma & PTSD, challenging life transitions, and family-of-origin issues.
My name is Christina Carter-Uriss and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I offer psychotherapy services for adults and adolescents aged 16+, addressing a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, and panic disorder, grief and loss, trauma & PTSD, challenging life transitions, and family-of-origin issues.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Jacklyn McMillan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacklyn McMillan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If you have felt the impact of life transitions including anxiety, depression, stress, or relationship and self-esteem issues, therapy can be a beautiful step towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy provides an opportunity to process and explore, in a judgement free space, in order to build upon strengths and identify areas ready for growth and change. As a therapist working in Virginia for well over a decade, I have provided services to both adolescents and adults, assisting with stressors associated with mental health, family and relationship dynamics, communication struggles, life stage changes, and women's issues.
If you have felt the impact of life transitions including anxiety, depression, stress, or relationship and self-esteem issues, therapy can be a beautiful step towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy provides an opportunity to process and explore, in a judgement free space, in order to build upon strengths and identify areas ready for growth and change. As a therapist working in Virginia for well over a decade, I have provided services to both adolescents and adults, assisting with stressors associated with mental health, family and relationship dynamics, communication struggles, life stage changes, and women's issues.
(703) 420-3831 View (703) 420-3831
Photo of Bolutife Dosumu - Glasshouse Effect Psychotherapy Center, PLLC, LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Glasshouse Effect Psychotherapy Center, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23173
As a person, do you find yourself struggling to maintain a balance between fulfilling spiritual, cultural, familial and societal obligations? Do you feel like you have lost your sense of identity while juggling such obligations? In a world full of unrealistic and forced expectations, people often are accused of being rebellious, guilty or selfish when they choose to focus on themselves and their needs. Secretly battling and wounded, many people find themselves to be depressed, anxious, angry, disappointed and unfulfilled.
As a person, do you find yourself struggling to maintain a balance between fulfilling spiritual, cultural, familial and societal obligations? Do you feel like you have lost your sense of identity while juggling such obligations? In a world full of unrealistic and forced expectations, people often are accused of being rebellious, guilty or selfish when they choose to focus on themselves and their needs. Secretly battling and wounded, many people find themselves to be depressed, anxious, angry, disappointed and unfulfilled.
(512) 859-7438 View (512) 859-7438
Photo of Katharine Head, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katharine Head
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters in Social Work from Tulane University. I work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship problems, trauma, and addictions. My hours include weeknights and Sunday afternoons. At the foundation of my work is the belief in the inherent goodness of others and the understanding that people are doing the best that they can with the tools that they have at their disposal. I employ the latest psychotherapeutic techniques that will allow us to build a strategy to create a happier you.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters in Social Work from Tulane University. I work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship problems, trauma, and addictions. My hours include weeknights and Sunday afternoons. At the foundation of my work is the belief in the inherent goodness of others and the understanding that people are doing the best that they can with the tools that they have at their disposal. I employ the latest psychotherapeutic techniques that will allow us to build a strategy to create a happier you.
(804) 361-8713 View (804) 361-8713
Photo of Laura L Cook, RIC, LPC Intern
Laura L Cook
LPC Intern, RIC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23218
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if something in your life was different? Or thought to yourself, "I wish that I could chase my dreams," but got overwhelmed once finally sitting down to attempt to set goals for yourself? Have you ever hoped that someone could just SEE you or honestly listen to what you say or think in life without judgment? Someone to "walk' alongside the true you? Are these questions themselves causing you anxiety or leaving you feeling stuck after answering yes to at least one? If so, you are not alone. You're having a human experience, and these challenges are incredibly typical throughout one's life.
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if something in your life was different? Or thought to yourself, "I wish that I could chase my dreams," but got overwhelmed once finally sitting down to attempt to set goals for yourself? Have you ever hoped that someone could just SEE you or honestly listen to what you say or think in life without judgment? Someone to "walk' alongside the true you? Are these questions themselves causing you anxiety or leaving you feeling stuck after answering yes to at least one? If so, you are not alone. You're having a human experience, and these challenges are incredibly typical throughout one's life.
(804) 676-6068 View (804) 676-6068

See more therapy options for 23009

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23009

< 10

Therapists in 23009 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
67% Relationship Issues
67% Depression
67% Grief
67% Parenting
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Anger Management

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 23009 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23009?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.